KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA SANGATHAN
PATNA REGION
SESSION : 2020-21
CLASS : VIII
SOCIAL STUDIES (GEOGRAPHY)
6. HUMAN RESOURSES
PRESENTED BY :- T. K. SINHA, TGT (S.ST), K V JHAJHA
CONTENTS
1) What is human resource?
2) Distribution of population
3) Density of population
4) Factors affecting distribution of population
5) Population change
6) Patterns of population change
7) Population commpostion
8) Some textbook answers and question
What is Human resource ?
People are a nations greatest
resource .people with their
demands and abilities,capable of
turning themselves into resources
are known as human resource.
Example:- Doctors ,Nurse,
Teachers etc
Factors affecting Distribution
population
Topography :-people always prefer to live on plains rather than mountains and
plateaus because these are the areas are suitable for farming ,manufacturing and
service activities.
For example: the ganga plains are the most densely populated and
Himalayas are sparsely populated
CLIMATE :- People usually avoid extreme climate that are very hot or cold like
Sahara desert, polar regions of Russia, Canada and Antarctica .
SOIL:- Fertile soils provide suitable land for agriculture ,fertile plain such as
Ganga and Brahmaputra in India. Hwang-he chang jiang in china and Nile in
Egypt are denser population.
WATER:- People prefer to live in the areas where fresh water is easily available.
The river valley of the world are the densely populated whole deserts have spare
population.
MINERALS:-Areas with mineral deposits are more populated. Diamond mines of
South Africa and discovery of oil in the Middle east lead to settling of people in
these areas.
DENSITY OF
POPULATION
Population density is the number of people living in a
unit area of the earth’s surface. It is naormally
expressed as per square km.
The average density of population in the whole world
is 45 persons per square km.
Average density of population in India is 324 persons
per square km.
. South Central Asia has the highest density of
population followed by East and South East Asia .
DISTRIBUTION OF POPULATION
The way in which people are spread across the earth
surface is known as the pattern of population
distribution.
More than 90 per cent of the world’s population lives
in about 10 per cent of the land surface.
The distribution of population in the world is
extremely uneven.
a. The crowded areas are south and south east Asia,
Europe and north eastern North America.
b. Very few people live in high latitude areas,
tropical deserts, high mountains and areas of
equatorial forests.
c. Almost three-quarters of the world’s people live in
two continents Asia and Africa.
d. 60% of the world’s people stay in just 10
countries. All of them have more than a 100
million people.
Social, Cultural and Economic
Factors
Social: Areas of better housing, education and health
facilities are more densely populated e.g., Pune.
Cultural: Places with religion or cultural significance
attract people. Varanasi, Jerusalem and Vatican city are
some examples.
Economic: Industrial areas provide employment
opportunities. Large number of people are attracted to
these areas.
Example-Osaka in Japan and Mumbai in India are two
densely populated areas.
POPULATION CHANGE
The population change refers to change in the number of people
during a specific time. The world population has not been
stable.
This is actually due to changes in the number of births and
deaths. For an extremely long period of human history, until the
1800s, the world’s population grew steadily but slowly. Large
numbers of babies were born, but they died early too. This was
as there were no proper health facilities. Sufficient food was not
available for all the people. Farmers were not able to produce
enough to meet the food requirements of all the people. As a
result the total increase in population was very low.
In 1820, the world’s population reached one billion. A hundred
and fifty years later, in the early 1970s, the world’s population
reached 3 billion. This is often called population explosion. In
1999, less than 30 years later, the population doubled to 6
billion. The main reason for this growth was that with better
food supplies and medicine, deaths were reducing, while the
POPULATION CHANGE
Births are usually measured using the birth rate i.e. the
number of live births per 1,000 people. Deaths are usually
measured using the death rate i.e. the number of deaths per
1,000 people. Migrations is the movement of people in and
out of an area.
Births and deaths are the natural causes of population
change. The difference between the birth rate and the death
rate of a country is called the natural growth rate.
Migration is another way by which population size changes.
People may move within a country or between countries.
Emigrants are people who leave a country; Immigrants are
those who arrive in a country.
Countries like the United States of America and Australia have
gained in-numbers by in-migration or immigration. Sudan is
an example of a country that has experienced a loss in
population numbers due to out-migration or emigration
POPULATION COMPOSITION
To understand the role of people as a resource, we need to
know more about their qualities. People vary greatly in their
age, sex, literacy level, health condition, occupation and
income level.
The composition of population helps us to know how many are
males or females, which age group they belong to, how
educated they are and what type of occupations they are Population Pyramid
employed in, what their income levels and health conditions
are.
A population pyramid shows • The total population divided
into various age groups, e.g., 5 to 9 years, 10 to 14 years. •
The percentage of the total population, subdivided into males
and females, in each of those groups.
The shape of the population pyramid tells the story of the
people living in that particular country. The numbers of
children (below 15 years) are shown at the bottom and reflect
the level of births. The size of the top shows the numbers of
aged people (above 65 years) and reflects the number of Population Pyramid of Kenya
deaths.
The population pyramid of a country in which
birth and death rates bothe are high is broad at
the base and rapidly narrows towards the top.
This is because although, many children are
born, a large percentage of them die in their
infancy, relatively few become adults and there
are very few old people.
In countries where death rates (especially
amongst the very young) are decreasing, the
pyramid is broad in the younger age groups, Population pyramid of India
because more infants survive to adulthood. This
can be seen in the pyramid for India (Fig 6.8).
Such populations contain a relatively large
number of young people and which means a
strong and expanding labour force
In countries like Japan, low birth rates make the
pyramid narrow at the base (Fig 6.9). Decreased
death rates allow numbers of people to reach
old age.
Population Pyramid of Japan
1. Answer the following questions.
Why are people considered a resource?
What are the causes for the uneven distribution of
population in the world?
The world population has grown very rapidly. Why?
Discuss the role of any two factors influencing
population change.
What is meant by population composition?
What are population pyramids? How do they help in
understanding
about the population of a country?
