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Lab2 - Rectification

The lab report focuses on understanding the mechanisms of Half-Wave and Full-Wave Rectifiers, detailing their operation and efficiency. It explains the process of rectification, types of rectifiers, and provides calculations for the Form Factor of the Half-Wave Rectifier. The report concludes with observations and is submitted by two students for their Electricity & Magnetism course.

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Nizalia Siddiqui
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5 views

Lab2 - Rectification

The lab report focuses on understanding the mechanisms of Half-Wave and Full-Wave Rectifiers, detailing their operation and efficiency. It explains the process of rectification, types of rectifiers, and provides calculations for the Form Factor of the Half-Wave Rectifier. The report concludes with observations and is submitted by two students for their Electricity & Magnetism course.

Uploaded by

Nizalia Siddiqui
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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PHY-107: Electricity & Magnetism

LAB REPORT
Lab 2: Rectification
Objective:
The aim of this lab is to understand the mechanism of Half-Wave Rectifier
& Full-Wave Rectifier.

Abstract:
In this lab experiment, we will examine what changes happen to AC
voltage when it is passed through half wave rectifier, full wave rectifier
(i.e centre-tap full wave rectifier and full wave bridge rectifier).We will
also find out the value of Form Factor.

Theory:
Rectification:
Rectification is the conversion of AC (Alternating Current) to DC (Direct
Current) using an electrical device called a “Rectifier”. This is done by
using a diode or a group of diodes, which only allows a one way flow of
electric charge.

Types of Rectifiers:
● Half wave Rectifier
● Full wave Rectifier
➢ Centre tap full wave rectifier
➢ Full wave bridge rectifier

Half Wave Rectifier:


When an AC waveform is passed through a “half wave rectifier” only half
of the input waveforms remain. It only allows one half cycle of the AC
voltage to pass and blocks the other half of the input signal, in order to
establish a DC level.
The process of removing one half of the input signal to establish a DC
level is known as half wave rectification.
Half wave rectifier is the simplest form of rectifier and only a single diode,
a transformer and resistive load is required to construct its circuit.

Working:
An AC voltage is applied to the primary side of the transformer which is
stepped down. The secondary voltage obtained is applied to the diode,
which is forward biased during the positive half cycle and reverse biased
during the negative half cycle.

While using half wave rectifiers a significant amount of power is lost,


hence its not feasible to use it for applications that require a smooth and
study supply.
They are not very efficient as the output current contains components of
the basic frequency along with the DC component.
But at the same time, they are very cheap, require very few components
and are really easy to construct.
Full Wave Rectifier:
When an AC waveform is passed through a “full wave rectifier”, it
converts the complete cycle of input AC into DC. It rectifies both half
cycles of the AC input. So, the current flows through the load in the same
direction for both the half cycles of the AC input.

.
Its circuit is slightly more complex than the half wave rectifier and it uses
more than one diode.
There are two types of full wave rectifiers used:

1. Centre Tap Full Wave Rectifier


It is a type of rectifier which is constructed using a center tapped
transformer, two diodes and a load.
The secondary side of the center tapped transformer is connected with the
load resistor and both the diodes, in a way that each diode uses one half
cycle of the input AC voltage.
Working:
During the positive half cycle of the transformed voltage, the end A of the
secondary side of the transformer becomes positive and the end B becomes
negative. During this the upper diode (D1) in the figure is forward biased,
it conducts, and the lower diode (D2) is reverse biased. The current flows
through the diode D1, the load resistance and stays in the upper half.

Similarly, during the negative half cycle, the end B becomes positive
while the end A becomes negative. This time, the diode D2 is forward
biased and D1 is reverse biased. The current now flows through D2 and
the load resistance and stays in the upper half.

The direction of the current through the load resistor in both the cases
remains the same, so the DC is obtained across it.

2. Full Wave Bridge Rectifier


This type of rectifier uses a load resistor, a transformer and four diodes,
which are connected in a closed loop to form a bridge in order to produce a
DC output from an AC input.
Its main advantage is that it does not require a centre tapped transformer,
this reduces both the size and the cost of the rectifier.
The AC supply which has to be rectified is applied to the diagonally
opposite ends of the bridge,through the secondary wire of the transformer.
The load resistor is connected between the other two ends of the bridge,
and the DC signal is obtained across it.
Working:
The four diodes are arranged in such a way that only two of them conduct
electricity during each half cycle.

During the positive half cycle of the applied voltage, the end P, of the
transformer's secondary wire, becomes positive and the end Q becomes
negative. Diodes D1 and D3 become forward based and they conduct
while the diodes D2 and D4 become reverse biased. D1 and D3 are in
series with the load.

During the negative half cycle of the applied voltage, the end Q becomes
positive and the end P becomes negative. Diodes D2 and D4 become
forward based and they conduct while the diodes D1 and D3 become
reverse biased. D2 and D4 are in series with the load.

The direction of current flow here too is the same for both half cycles,
hence the DC is obtained across it.
The output voltage is:

Observations & Calculations:

>Form-Factor (Half-Wave Rectifier):


Form Factor = rms value of waveform
average value of waveform
= 848÷508
= 1.67

Form Factor of Half- Wave Rectifier is 1.67.

Submitted on: April, 23th, 2021

Submitted by: Hadia Fatima (334061)

Nizalia Siddiqui (335780)


Submitted to: Ms. Maryam Athar

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