Summary - ASP.

NET

Unit 1: Introduction to .NET and ASP.NET

What Does .NET Represent?
NET stands for Network Enabled Technology.

Combines Object-Oriented Programming with internet-based application

development.

Framework Overview
A framework is software that integrates multiple technologies for application
development.

.NET Framework:

Developed by Microsoft, first beta version released in 2000.

Used to develop applications for web, Windows, and mobile platforms.

Supports over 60 programming languages, e.g., C#, VB.NET, Python, etc.

.NET Framework Architecture

Components:
1. BCL (Base Class Library):

Basic building block of .NET programs.

Provides pre-defined classes for application development.

2. CLR (Common Language Runtime):

Heart of the .NET Framework.

Converts MSIL (Microsoft Intermediate Language) code to native code.

Components of CLR:

JIT Compiler: Converts MSIL to native code at runtime.

Garbage Collector: Frees memory by removing unused objects.

Memory Manager: Manages memory allocation.

Exception Manager: Handles runtime exceptions.

Common Type System (CTS): Ensures compatibility between different

.NET languages.

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 Common Language Specification (CLS): Unifies language rules
across .NET languages.

Intermediate Language (IL)

IL is partially compiled, CPU-independent code.

Compiled into native code by CLR before execution.

Technologies Supported by .NET

1. WinForms: For Windows desktop applications.

2. ASP.NET: For websites, web applications, and web services.

3. ADO.NET: For database interaction (e.g., SQL Server, XML).

4. LINQ: Query language integrated with C# and VB.NET.

Key Notes
BCL provides foundational libraries for development.

CLR ensures platform independence by converting code to system-specific

formats.

Diagram: .NET Framework Architecture

Component Purpose

BCL Pre-built classes for applications

CLR Runtime environment for executing .NET code

Languages Supported Over 60, including C#, VB.NET, and Python

Unit 2: ASP.NET Basics and Controls

Creating and Running Your First ASP.NET Application

Steps:
1. Create a New Project:

Open Visual Studio → Choose New → Project .

Select ASP.NET Web Application and specify the project name and
location.

2. Choose Project Type:

Select Web Forms (for basic applications).

3. Add a Web Form:

Right-click the project in Solution Explorer → Add → Web Form .

4. Write Code:

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 Use the <% %> syntax for ASP.NET-specific code in the Web Form.

Example: To display "Hello World":

<%= Response.Write("Hello World") %>

Output:
After following these steps, you can run the project to see your application in
action.

ASP.NET Events and Event Handlers

Event: An action like a button click or key press.

Event Handler: A subroutine that specifies what happens when an event is

triggered.

Example: A button click in a web form:

protected void Button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs

e) {
Response.Write("Button clicked!");
}

ASP.NET Controls
Controls are used to create user interfaces. They allow users to interact with the
application.

Types of Controls:
1. HTML Controls:

Basic HTML elements made server-accessible using runat="server" .

Example:

<input id="UserName" type="text" runat="server" />

2. Server Controls:

Predefined ASP.NET controls with server-side functionality.

Syntax:

<asp:ControlType ID="ControlID" runat="server" Property

1="Value1" />

Example: A button control.

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 <asp:Button ID="Button1" runat="server" Text="Submit" /
>

Difference Between HTML and Server Controls

Feature HTML Control Server Control

Execution Client-side Server-side

State Management Not supported Supported

Object-Oriented Not supported Supported

Speed Faster Slower (server processing)

Example <input> <asp:TextBox>

List Controls in ASP.NET

ASP.NET provides several list controls for user selections:

1. DropDownList:

Displays a dropdown with single-selection options.

Example:

<asp:DropDownList ID="DropDownList1" runat="server">

<asp:ListItem>Option 1</asp:ListItem>
<asp:ListItem>Option 2</asp:ListItem>
</asp:DropDownList>

2. ListBox:

Allows single or multiple selections.

Example:

<asp:ListBox ID="ListBox1" runat="server" SelectionMode

="Multiple">
<asp:ListItem>Item 1</asp:ListItem>
<asp:ListItem>Item 2</asp:ListItem>
</asp:ListBox>

3. RadioButtonList:

Displays a group of radio buttons for single selection.

Example:

<asp:RadioButtonList ID="RadioButtonList1" runat="serve

r">
<asp:ListItem>Male</asp:ListItem>

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 <asp:ListItem>Female</asp:ListItem>
</asp:RadioButtonList>

4. CheckBoxList:

Displays a group of checkboxes for multiple selections.

Example:

<asp:CheckBoxList ID="CheckBoxList1" runat="server">

<asp:ListItem>Option 1</asp:ListItem>
<asp:ListItem>Option 2</asp:ListItem>
</asp:CheckBoxList>

5. BulletedList:

Displays items as an unordered or ordered list.

Example:

<asp:BulletedList ID="BulletedList1" runat="server">

<asp:ListItem>Item 1</asp:ListItem>
<asp:ListItem>Item 2</asp:ListItem>
</asp:BulletedList>

Table Controls
Used to structure data into rows and columns.

Example:

<asp:Table ID="Table1" runat="server">

<asp:TableRow>
<asp:TableCell>Cell 1</asp:TableCell>
<asp:TableCell>Cell 2</asp:TableCell>
</asp:TableRow>
</asp:Table>

Web Control Events

Events in ASP.NET follow a sender-event pattern:

protected void EventName(object sender, EventArgs e) {

// Event-specific code
}

Key Notes
HTML Controls: Basic UI elements enhanced for server interaction.

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 Server Controls: Rich features with built-in server-side functionality.

State Management: Essential for maintaining user data across postbacks.

Unit 3: ASP.NET Page Navigation, Master Pages, and

State Management

Page Navigation Options

Page navigation allows users to move between different web forms in an ASP.NET
application.

1. Response.Redirect
Redirects users to a new page (can be on the same server or an external
server).

Updates the browser’s history and address bar.

Syntax:

Response.Redirect("PageName.aspx");

Example:
Redirecting to another page:

Response.Redirect("HomePage.aspx");

2. Server.Transfer
Transfers users to another page on the same server without updating the
browser’s history or address bar.

Faster than Response.Redirect because it avoids an HTTP round trip.

Syntax:

Server.Transfer("PageName.aspx");

3. Cross-Page PostBack
Allows posting form data to another page.

Useful when you want to send data without using session or query strings.

Example:

Button1.PostBackUrl = "TargetPage.aspx";

4. Hyperlink Control
Navigates to another page using a clickable link.

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 Example:

<asp:HyperLink ID="HyperLink1" runat="server" NavigateUrl

="TargetPage.aspx">Click Here</asp:HyperLink>

Master Pages
Master Pages define a consistent layout for a website. They act as templates for
web pages, ensuring a uniform design.

Features:
1. Consistent Layout:

Common elements like headers, footers, and navigation menus are shared
across pages.

2. Content Placeholders:

Define areas where child pages can insert specific content.

3. Separation of Design and Content:

Keeps layout separate from page-specific content for better

maintainability.

Creating and Using Master Pages

1. Create a Master Page:

Add a .master file to your project.

Define the layout using ContentPlaceHolder :

<asp:ContentPlaceHolder ID="MainContent" runat="serve

r"></asp:ContentPlaceHolder>

2. Create Content Pages:

Add a new .aspx file and link it to the Master Page.

Define page-specific content inside <asp:Content> tags:

<asp:Content ContentPlaceHolderID="MainContent" runat

="server">
<h2>Welcome to My Website</h2>
</asp:Content>

State Management
State management refers to techniques for preserving user data across page
requests.

Types of State Management:

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 1. Client-Side State Management:

Stores data on the client machine.

Techniques:

ViewState:

Stores data for a single page.

Example:

ViewState["Key"] = "Value";
TextBox1.Text = ViewState["Key"].ToString();

Cookies:

Stores small data files on the client.

Example:

Response.Cookies["UserName"].Value = "John";

Hidden Fields:

Stores data in hidden HTML fields.

Example:

<input type="hidden" id="HiddenField1" value="Val

ue" runat="server" />

Query Strings:

Passes data in the URL.

Example:

Response.Redirect("TargetPage.aspx?Name=John");

2. Server-Side State Management:

Stores data on the server.

Techniques:

Session State:

Stores data per user session.

Example:

Session["UserName"] = "John";

Application State:

Stores data for the entire application.

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 Example:

Application["AppName"] = "MyWebsite";

Static Members in Web Forms

Static members belong to the class, not instances of the class.

Useful for storing shared data across all users.

Example:

public static int Counter = 0;

Key Notes
Navigation Techniques:

Use Response.Redirect for external navigation.

Use Server.Transfer for faster internal navigation.

Master Pages:

Great for maintaining a consistent design across web pages.

State Management:

Choose client-side techniques for lightweight data storage.

Use server-side techniques for secure, persistent data.

Unit 4: ADO.NET and Data-Bound Controls

1. Introduction to ADO.NET
ADO.NET stands for ActiveX Data Objects for .NET.

A technology for interacting with data sources (e.g., relational databases,

XML).

Designed for building data-driven applications efficiently.

Key Components of ADO.NET

1. Connection:

Establishes a connection to a data source.

Example:

SqlConnection connection = new SqlConnection("connectio

nString");
connection.Open();

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 2. Command:

Executes SQL queries or stored procedures.

Example:

SqlCommand command = new SqlCommand("SELECT * FROM User

s", connection);

3. DataReader:

Provides forward-only, read-only access to data.

Example:

SqlDataReader reader = command.ExecuteReader();

while (reader.Read()) {
Console.WriteLine(reader["ColumnName"]);
}

4. DataAdapter:

Fills a DataSet or DataTable and updates changes back to the database.

Example:

SqlDataAdapter adapter = new SqlDataAdapter("SELECT * F

ROM Users", connection);
DataTable dataTable = new DataTable();
adapter.Fill(dataTable);

5. DataSet:

In-memory cache of data (supports multiple tables and relationships).

Example:

DataSet dataSet = new DataSet();

adapter.Fill(dataSet, "Users");

2. ADO.NET Object Model

Key Classes and Their Roles:

Class Description

SqlConnection Connects to the database.

SqlCommand Executes SQL queries.

SqlDataReader Reads data row-by-row (forward-only).

SqlDataAdapter Populates and updates DataSet or DataTable .

DataSet In-memory representation of relational data.

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 DataTable Represents a single table inside a DataSet .

DataView Filters and sorts data in a DataTable .

3. Workflow of ADO.NET
1. Open a connection to the database using SqlConnection .

2. Use SqlCommand or DataAdapter to execute SQL queries.

3. Retrieve data into a DataReader , DataTable , or DataSet .

4. Perform operations on data (e.g., filtering, sorting).

5. Update changes back to the database using DataAdapter .

4. Working with Data-Bound Controls

Data-bound controls simplify data display and interaction in ASP.NET.

Common Data-Bound Controls

1. GridView:

Displays data in a table with sorting, paging, and editing capabilities.

Example:

<asp:GridView ID="GridView1" runat="server" AutoGenerat

eColumns="false">
<Columns>
<asp:BoundField DataField="Name" HeaderText="Na
me" />
<asp:BoundField DataField="Email" HeaderText="E
mail" />
</Columns>
</asp:GridView>

2. Repeater:

Provides complete control over HTML rendering of data.

Example:

<asp:Repeater ID="Repeater1" runat="server">

<ItemTemplate>
<p><%# Eval("Name") %></p>
</ItemTemplate>
</asp:Repeater>

3. DropDownList:

Displays a dropdown for selection.

Example:

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 <asp:DropDownList ID="DropDownList1" runat="server" Dat
aTextField="Name" DataValueField="ID"></asp:DropDownLis
t>

4. DataList:

Displays data in a flexible list format.

Example:

<asp:DataList ID="DataList1" runat="server">

<ItemTemplate>
<div><%# Eval("Name") %></div>
</ItemTemplate>
</asp:DataList>

5. DetailsView:

Displays one record at a time in a table.

Example:

<asp:DetailsView ID="DetailsView1" runat="server"></as

p:DetailsView>

5. Populating Data into Data-Bound Controls

1. Configure the data source (e.g., SQL Database).

2. Bind the data to controls in the code-behind.

Example for GridView :

protected void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e) {

if (!IsPostBack) {
SqlConnection connection = new SqlConnection("c
onnectionString");
SqlDataAdapter adapter = new SqlDataAdapter("SE
LECT * FROM Users", connection);
DataTable dataTable = new DataTable();
adapter.Fill(dataTable);
GridView1.DataSource = dataTable;
GridView1.DataBind();
}
}

6. Disconnected Data Access (Using DataSet)

Data is retrieved and stored in memory, allowing the database connection to
close while working with data.

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 Example:

DataSet dataSet = new DataSet();

adapter.Fill(dataSet, "Users");

7. Error Handling and Security in ADO.NET

1. Error Handling:

Use try-catch blocks to handle database exceptions.

Example:

try {
connection.Open();
} catch (SqlException ex) {
Console.WriteLine(ex.Message);
} finally {
connection.Close();
}

2. Security:

Use Parameterized Queries to prevent SQL Injection:

SqlCommand command = new SqlCommand("SELECT * FROM User

s WHERE ID = @ID", connection);
command.Parameters.AddWithValue("@ID", userInput);

Key Notes
Data-Bound Controls make it easy to present data from a database.

ADO.NET is designed for disconnected data access, improving performance.

Always prioritize security and proper error handling when working with
databases.

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