PHYSICS

PROJECT FILE

NAME – Ilesh Potdar

CLASS – XI
ROLL No. –13
TOPIC – ELECTRO MAGNETIC
INDUCTION

Submitted To
MUKUND CHAVAN
Physics Department

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CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the project submitted by ILESH

POTDAR, of class XI in the session 2024-25, to the
department of Physics, Crimson Anisha Global School,
Undri, NIBM Campus, Pune is in accordance to the
specification prosecuted by Central Board of
Secondary Education (CBSE), New Delhi.

Teacher’s signature Principal’s signature

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

This project would not have been possible

without the support and guidance of my Physics
teacher, to whom I’m deeply indebted, the
facilities provided by the Physics Lab and the
patience and cooperation of many. I would like
to express my sincere gratitude to all who
helped me with this project.

Ilesh Potdar
Class - XI 2024-
2025

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 CONTENTS
Sr. No. Topic Page No.
1 Introduction 5
2 Theory 6-10
3 Aim 11
4 Apparatus 11
5 Principle 12
6 Procedure 13
7 Observation 14
8 Application of Electromagnetic Induction 15
in Real Life
9 Precautions 16
10 Conclusion 17
11 Bibliography 18

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 INTRODUCTION
Electromagnet:
An electromagnet is a kind of magnet where electric
current generates the magnetic field. When the current is
cut off, the magnetic field vanishes.

Induction:
Induction is the method of creating current in a conductor
by subjecting it to a fluctuating magnetic field.

Electromagnetic induction:
When a conductor is exposed to a fluctuating magnetic
field, a potential difference (voltage) is created across it.
This phenomenon is known as electromagnetic induction.
When molecules in another object flow due to an
electromagnetic field, this phenomenon is known as
electromagnetic induction. Induction can generate waves
(in a radio transmitter), heat (in ferrous metals), or
electricity (in coils).
Lastly, it refers to the occurrence where a change in the
magnetic flux connecting a conductor induces an
electromagnetic field. .

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 THEORY
Invention:

Although Francesco Zantedeschi's work in 1829 may have

foreshadowed the discovery of induction, Michael Faraday
is typically given credit for it in 1831. Joseph Henry made a
similar finding sometime between 1830 and 1832,
although he didn't publish his results until later.

Induced e.m.f.:

A coil will produce an e.m.f. if the magnetic flux flowing

through it is changed. Ampere and Faraday were the first to
notice and explain this effect between 1825 and 1831.
Faraday found that an e.m.f. may be produced by either (a)
shifting the coil or the magnetic flux source in relation to
one another, or (b) altering the magnetic flux source's
magnitude.
Keep in mind that only when the fux is changing does the
e.m.f. get generated.

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 Working and Construction

When a conductor is moved through a magnetic

field, current is created because the free
electrons in the conductor are being forced to
move by the magnetic lines of force. Induction is
the method of creating current in a conductor by
subjecting it to a fluctuating magnetic field. Since
the conductor and the magnet are not physically
connected, this process is known as induction.
The I v magnetic field is said to induce the current
in the conductor.
For this electromagnetic induction to occur, the
conductor—typically a wire—must be
perpendicular to the magnetic lines of force in
order to exert the greatest force possible on the
free electrons. The direction in which the wire is
travelling in the field and the direction of the lines
of force decide which way the induced current
flows. The ammeter, a device used to measure
current, shows when there is current flowing
through the conductor in the animation above.

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Lenz’s Law:
When an emf is generated by a change in magnetic flux
according to Faraday’s Law, the polarity of the induced
emf is such that it produces a current whose magnetic
field opposes the change which produces it. The induced
magnetic field inside any loop of wire always acts to
keep the magnetic flux in the loop constant. In the
examples below, if the B field is increasing, the induced
field acts in opposition to it. If it is decreasing, the
induced field acts in the direction of the applied field to
try to keep it constant.

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Electrical Transformer:
Electrical transformers are likewise affected by the
EMF that Faraday's law predicts. A fluctuating
magnetic field is produced when the electric current in
a wire loop varies. This change in magnetic field will be
felt by a second wire within range of this magnetic
field as a change in its associated magnetic flux, do/dt.

Electrical Generator:
The EMF generated by Faraday’s law of induction due to
relative movement of a circuit and a magnetic field is the
phenomenon underlying electrical generators. When a
permanent magnet is moved relative to a conductor, or
vice versa, an electromotive force is created. If the wire
is connected through an electrical load, current will flow,
and thus electrical energy is generated, converting the
mechanical energy of motion to electrical energy
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 As a result, the second loop creates an electromotive
force known as the transformer EMF or induced EMF.
Current will flow if this loop's two ends are connected by
an electrical load.

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AIM
To study the phenomenon of
Electromagnetic Induction.

APPARATUS
A PVC pipe, Crocodile clips, Magnets, LED lights,
Insulated copper wire, sandpaper.

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PRINCIPLE
When a conductor is positioned in a fluctuating
magnetic field or passes through a stationary
magnetic field, a process known as electromagnetic
induction—or simply induction—occurs, producing a
voltage across the conductor. An electrical current is
subsequently produced by this electromagnetic
induction process; this process is known as
"inducing the current."

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 PROCEDURE
 Firstly we roll the insulated copper wire on the PVC
pipe.
 Roll the copper wire on the PVC pipe until its thick
and full covered with copper wire.
 Now use insulation tape on the both ends and wrap at
its ends.
 Now rub both ends of the copper wire using Sand
Paper.
 Now connect the wire with crocodile clips.
 Connect the LED lights with the copper wire.
 Insert the magnets under the PVC pipe.

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 OBSERVATION
 Magnet is moved at certain rate and certain voltage
is produced.

 Magnet is moved at faster rate and creating a

greater induced voltage.

 Magnet is moved at same speed through coil that has

greater number of turn and greater voltage is induced.

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 APPLICATION OF
ELECTROMAGNETIC
INDUCTION IN REAL LIFE

The principles of electromagnetic induction are

applied in many devices and systems, including:

 Electrical generators
 Induction motors.
 Induction sealing
 Inductive charging
 Transformers
 Wireless energy transfer
 Wireless charger

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 PRECAUTIONS

 Do all the connections carefully

 Do not scratch the insulating wire while making the
loop
 Do not use digital voltmeter for above
demonstration
 Do not use very thin or thick copper wire
 Use only insulated copper wire
 Keep yourself safe from high voltage
 Before doing any experiment, please consult your
subject teacher

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CONCLUSION
Faraday’s Law of Electromagnetic Induction, first observed
and published by Michael Faraday in the mid- nineteenth
century, describes a very important electro- magnetic
concept. Although its mathematical representations are
cryptic, the essence of Faraday’s is not hard to grasp: it
relates an induced electric potential or voltage to a dynamic
magnetic field. This concept has many far-reaching
ramifications that touch our lives in many ways: from the
shining of the sun, to the convenience of mobile
communications, to electricity to power our homes. We can
all appreciate the profound impact Faraday’s Law has on us.

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