Advanced Electrodynamics Homework 1

Wu Xianshu(伍先树) SID: 024426910024

6.3 The homogeneous diffusion equation (5.160) for the vector

potential for quasi-static fields in unbounded conducting media
has a solution to the initial value problem of the form,
where
describes the initial field configuration and is an appropriate
kernel.

(a) Solve the initial value problem by use of a three-dimensional Fourier

transform in space for . With the usual assumptions on interchange of
orders of integration, show that the Green function has the Fourier
representation, and it is assumed
that .

The Diffusion equation for the potential vector is given as:

The three-dimensional Fourier transform of in space, defined as:

so, the Fourier transfer of Diffusion equation is:

We can solve this partial differential equation, the solution will be:

and the initial condition in real space is delta-function, , this lead the
, and:

Then, we can take the inverse transfer of Fourier transfer:

and this is what we want.

(b) By introducing a Fourier decomposition in both space and time, and

performing the frequency integral in the complex plane to recover the result of
part a, show that is the diffusion Green function that satisfies the
inhomogeneous equation, and vanishes for
.

The Fourier transfer in both space and time of can be written as:

so, the inhomogeneous equation in Fourier space and time is:

this is an algebra equation, and the solution is:

because the . Then, take the inverse transfer of above expression, we can get:

Focus on the Frequency part of the integral:

This is a standard Fourier transform of the function , where , so the whole integral will be:

where is the Heaviside step function. Comparing both expressions of above and the result of part (a),
we observe that they match for ， and for . Therefore, the diffusion Green's function
satisfies:

and vanishes for .

 (c) Show that if is uniform throughout all space, the Green function is

Because of the spherical symmetry of Green's function, which is only depends on the distance between two
points, we switch the system to spherical coordinates in - space, and represent as .

For the integral of , utilizing the method of integration by parts, we have:

Then, the whole integral has been simplified to:

With the Euler's formula, , substitute this into the integral and simplify it:

Here we need to deal with the integral of:

The exponential part of integral has:

So, we have:
For ,

where, , so the first term will be canceled in the integral of .

For B, we can use the Gaussian integral:

so,

but the second term in integral of will be double, and finally, we have:

That is what we want:

 6.5 A localized electric charge distribution produces an electrostatic
field, . Into this field is placed a small localized time-
independent current density ，which generates a magnetic
field .

(a) Show that the momentum of these electromagnetic fields, (6.117), can be
transformed to

The momentum density of the electromagnetic field is:

where is already known, so:

because we have the current , so we want represent above formula with in it, and we have the
vector identity:

Then,

The first term on the right-hand side will be zero because the field will be vanished at infinity(with the
Stokes theorem), and we have:

Substituting this into the integral:

which is what we want.

(b) Assuming that the current distribution is localized to a region small

compared to the scale of variation of the electric field, expand the electrostatic
potential in a Taylor series and show that where is
the electric field at the current distribution and is the magnetic moment,
(5.54), caused by the current.

Going on from the electromagnetic momentum with:

because the current distribution is localized to a region small compared to the scale of variation of the
electric field, we can expand only the electrostatic potential st :

Substituting it into the expression of :

The first term will be zero as the current is localized and no net flow of charge into or out the distribution(
), so:

Consider the vector identity that:

Again, because of the localization of current, we can infer that the is uniform over the localized current
distribution, and then , this indicates:

where , and the result is what we want.

(c) Suppose the current distribution is placed instead in a uniform electric field
(filling all space). Show that, no matter how complicated is the localized ，
the result in part a is augmented by a surface integral contribution from infinity
equal to minus one-third of the result of part (b)，yielding
(don’t use any expressions from Jackson other than green’s functions
expansions).

In part (a), we have assumed that filed will vanish at infinity, but we can take this assumption no longer
when the electric field is uniform everywhere and fill all space. That is to say, we should modified our result
in part (a):
for the second term, we have already known that is equal to the result in part (b), and now we deal with the
first term. It goes to be:

For the magnetic field at large contributed by dipole magnetic momentum:

and according to the uniform electric field we have:

Substituting them into :

with the Einstein notation, we have:

Substituting it into :

that is what we want.

 3. The angular velocity of the cylindrical shell shown below
increases from zero and smoothly approaches the steady value .
The shell has infinitesimal thickness and carries a uniform charge
per unit length ，where is a uniform charge per unit
area. Assume that the shell radius and that the spin-up is
very slow so the displacement current may be neglected.

1. Find the static electric field and steady magnetic field when .

For the static electric field, we can consider the Gaussian theorem and divide the space into inside shell and
outside shell.

a). Inside shell( ):

b). Outside shell( ):

For the magnetic field, we can determine it by Ampère's Law(the slow spin-up rotated shell and its charge
can be regarded as steady current). The surface current is:

It equal to a solenoid with surface current , so if we take a circuit across the shell, we will find that:

Summarily,

and
 2. Find everywhere during the spin-up and use it to find the
timedependent part of the electric field.

Here we have the line velocity of the charge , gives the current during the spin-up:

Substituting it into the Ampère's Law at space :

As a summary,

Then, with the Faraday's Law,

Given the symmetry and the nature of induced fields, we assume:

and the curl of could simplified to be:

Solving the differential equation and applying the condition assumption of , we can get:

As a summary,

3. The spin-up is performed by an external agent, who supplies power at a rate

per unit volume to create the magnetic field. Confirm this by evaluating
Poynting's theorem over all of space. Comment on the role of the Poynting vector
and the electric field in this calculation.

The Poynting's theorem over all of space is:

where , . According to the results of

part 2, we have , the left-hand term and the time differential term of energy to be:
where , as the spin-up is slow.

Those results are consistent with the Poynting's theorem, and the Poynting vector that represent surface
term of power is zero, means there is no surface term(which is normal at all the space integral).

4. Evaluate Poynting's theorem using a cylindrical volume with a radius slightly

smaller than the shell to study the flow of energy into the interior from the surface
of the shell.

The interward energy flow can be calculate with Poynting's theorem using a cylindrical volume with a radius
slightly smaller than the shell:

which is equal to the rate of magnetic energy increase.