d-BLOCK COMPOUNDS

TRANSITION ELEMENTS

Definition: They one often called 'transition elements' because their position in the periodic table is
between s-block and p-block elements
Typically, the transition elements have an incompletely filled d-level. Since Zn group has d10 configuration
and are not considered as transition elements but they are d-block elements.

General Characteristics:
(i) Metallic character: They are all metal and good conductor of heat & electricity
(ii) Electronic configuration: (n–1)d1–10ns1–2
Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn
others are
as usual  4s
3d
1
5
4s1
3d10
(iii) M.P. Cr  — Maximum Zn  lowest m.p.

Mo 6 no. of unpaired e s – Cd  due to no unpaired e–
 
W are involved in metallic bonding Hg  for metallic bonding
(iv) Variation in atomic radius:
Sc ——— Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn

decreases remains increases
same again
(v) Variable oxidation states possible

Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn
1 1
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
4 4 4 4 4 4 4
5 5 5
6 6 6
7

Colour: (aquated)
Sc3+ — colourless
Ti4+ — colourless
Ti3+ — purple
V4+ — blue
V3+ — green
V2+ — violet
Cr2+ — blue
Cr3+ — green
Mn3+ — violet
Mn2+ — light pink
Fe2+ — light green
Fe3+ — yellow
Co2+ — pink
Ni2+ — green
Cu2+ — blue
Zn2+ — colourless

d-Block Compounds [2]

 CHROMATE -DICHROMATE

10001300C
Preparation: 4FeCr2O4 + 8Na2CO3 + 7O2     8Na2CrO4 + 2Fe2O3 + 8CO2
red hot in presence of air
(chromite ore)
[Lime (CaO) added with Na2CO3 which keeps the mass porous so that air has access to all parts
and prevents fusion]
Then, 2Na2CrO4 + H2SO4 — Na2SO4 + Na2Cr2O7 + H2O

}
conc. It's solubility Hence, suitable temp. is to be
upto 32°C increases employed to crystallise out
and then decreases Na2SO4 first.
Then Na2Cr2O7 is crystallised out as Na2Cr2O7·2H2O on evaporation.
(red crystal)

How to get K2Cr2O7 : Na 2Cr2O 7 + KCl double

 K2Cr2O7 + 2NaCl
decomposit ion
hot conc.
NaCl crystallises out first and filtered off. Then K2Cr2O7 crystallised out on cooling

* Other props & test of CrO 24 & Cr2 O 72 : Already discussed
* Similarities between hexavalent Cr & S-compounds:
(i) SO3 & CrO3  both acidic.
(ii) S  SO 24 , S2O 72 , Cr  CrO 24 , Cr2 O 72

(iii) CrO 42 & SO 24 are isomorphous

 2 2
(iv) SO2Cl2 & CrO2Cl2 OH
 SO 4 & CrO 4 respectively..
2  2
(v) SO3Cl– & CrO3Cl– OH
 SO 4 & CrO 4
O O O
|| || ||
(vi) CrO3 & (SO3) has same structure  Cr  O  Cr  O  Cr 
|| || ||
O O O
Ques. In laboratory K2Cr2O7 is used mainly not Na2Cr2O7. Why?
Sol. Na2Cr2O7 is deliquescent enough and changes its concentration and can not be taken as primary standard
solution whereas K2Cr2O7 has no water of crystallisation and not deliquescent.

Ques. How to standardise Na2S2O3 solution in iodometry?

Sol. K2Cr2O7 is primary standard  strength is known by weighing the salt in chemical balance and
dissolving in measured amount of water.
Then in acidic solution add. KI
Cr2O72– + 14H+ + 6I– — 2Cr3+ + 3I2 + 7H2O
This I2 is liberated can be estimated with S2O32–.

d-Block Compounds [3]

 MANGANATE & PERMANGANATE

Preparation of Manganate ( MnO 24 ):-

MnO2 KOH
   MnO 24 [2MnO2 + 4KOH + O2  2K2MnO4 + 2H2O]
or NaOH ,
 in presence of air green MnO + 2KOH + KNO  K MnO + KNO + H O
2 3 2 4 2 2
melt
3MnO2 + 6KOH + KClO3  3K2MnO4 + KCl + 3H2O

In presence of KClO3 & KNO3 the above

reaction is more faster because these two on
decomposition provides O2 easily.

* Manganate is also obtained when KMnO4 is boiled with KOH.

4KMnO4 + 4KOH boiled
 4K2MnO4 + 2H2O + O2

Props : The above green solution is quite stable in alkali, but in pure water and in presence of
acids, depositing MnO2 and giving a purple solution of permanganate.
3K2MnO4 + 2H2O l 2KMnO4 + MnO2  + 4KOH
purple drak brown

Prob. : E o = 2.26 V ; Eo = – 0.56 V

MnO24  / MnO2 MnO24  / MnO4

Prove that MnO 24 will disproportionate in acidic medium.

Another Method of Prepn. : 3K2MnO4 + 2H2SO4  2KMnO4 + MnO2 + 2K2SO4 + 2H2O
or 3K2MnO4 + 2H2O + 4CO2  2KMnO4 + MnO2 + 4KHCO3
1
But in the above method
of Mn is lost as MnO2 but when oxidised either by Cl2or by O3
3
2K2MnO4 + Cl2  2KMnO4 + 2KCl [Unwanted MnO2 does not form]
OR
2K2MnO4 + O3 + H2O 2KMnO4 + 2KOH + O2

Oxidising Prop. of KMnO4 : (in acidic medium)

(i) MnO 4 + Fe+2 + H+  Fe+3 + Mn+2 + H2O

(ii) MnO 4 + I– + H+  Mn+2 + I2 + H2O

(iii) MnO 4 + H2O2 + H+  Mn+2 + O2 + H2O


MnO 4 + SO2 
H
(iv)  Mn+2 + H2SO4

(v) MnO 4 + NO 2 + H+  Mn+2 + NO3 + H2O

d-Block Compounds [4]

(vi) MnO 4 + H2C2O4+ H+  Mn+2 +CO2+ H2O

(vii) MnO 4 + H2S  Mn2+ + S  + H2O

* (1) It is not a primary standard since it is difficult to get it in a high degree of purity and free from traces of
MnO2.
*(2) It is slowly reduced to MnO2 especially in presence of light or acid
4MnO 4 + 4H+  4MnO2 + 2H2O + 3O2
Hence it should be kept in dark bottles and standardise just before use.
(viii) 2KMnO4 + 16HCl  2KCl + 5Cl2 + 8H2O + 2MnCl2

Oxidising Prop. of KMnO4 in alk. medium :

2MnO 4 + 2OH–  2MnO 24 +H2O + O. Then 2MnO 24 + 2H2O  2MnO2 + 4OH– + 2O
(i) 2KMnO4 + H2O + KI 2MnO2 + 2KOH + KIO3
(ii) 2KMnO4 + 3HCO2K  2MnO2 + KHCO3 + 2K2CO3 + H2O
(iii) 2KMnO4 + 3H2O2  2KOH + 2MnO2 + 2H2O + 3O2

Oxidising Prop. in neutral or weakly acidic solution:

2
in presence Zn or ZnO
(i) 2KMnO4 + 3MnSO4 + 2H2O         5MnO2 + K2SO4 + 2H2SO4
or MnO 4 + Mn+2 + 2H2O  5MnO2 + 4H+
In absence of Zn+2 ions, some of the Mn+2 ion may escape, oxidation through the formation of insoluble
MnII[MnIVO3] manganous permanganite.
(ii) 8KMnO4 + 3Na2S2O3 + H2O  8MnO2 + 3Na2SO4 + 3S + 2KOH

** Conversion of Mn+2 to MnO 4 :

(i) PbO2 (ii) Pb3O4 + HNO3 (iii) Pb2O3 + HNO3 (iv) NaBiO3 / H+
(v) (NH4)2S2O8 / H+ (vi) KIO4 / H+

Heating effect : 2KMnO4  K2MnO4 + MnO2 + O2
200C
green Black
at red
2K2MnO4  2K2MnO3 + O2
hot

d-Block Compounds [5]

 SILVER AND ITS COMPOUND

(I) Metallic Ag

In the same way in presence of O2, Ag complexes with NaCN / KCN.

4Ag + 8KCN + 2H2O + O2  4K[Ag(CN)2] + 4KOH

AgNO 3

Prepn.: already done.

Properties.: (i) It is called as lunar caustic because in contact with skin it produces burning sensation
like that of caustic soda with the formation of finely devided silver (black colour)
(ii) Thermal decomposition:
(iii) Props. of AgNO3 : [Already done in basic radical]
6AgNO3 + 3I2 + 3H2O 5AgI + AgIO3 + 6HNO3
(excess)
(iv) 
Ag2SO4  2Ag + SO2 + O2
B
(v) A(AgNO3)  white ppt appears quickly
added 
Explain
It takes time to give white ppt. 
A
B(Na2S2O3)  
added

(vi) Ag2S2O3 + H2O   Ag2S + H2SO4

AgCl . AgBr. AgI (but not Ag2S) are soluble in Na2S2O3 forming
[Ag(S2O3)2]–3 complexes
(vii)  AgBr  + KNO3
AgBr : AgNO3 KBr

Pale yellow
ppt.
Heating effect: 2AgNO3 212C
  2AgNO2 + O2
2AgNO2 500C
  2Ag + 2NO + O2

d-Block Compounds [6]

 (viii)

Ag2O + H2O2  2Ag + H2O + O2

K2S2O8 + 2AgNO3 + 2H2O  2AgO + 2KHSO4 + 2HNO3

* AgO supposed to be paramagnetic due to d9 configuration. But actually it is diamagnetic and exists as
AgI [AgIIIO2]

* Reaction involved in developer :

K2FeII(C2O4)2 + AgBr  KFeIII (C2O4)2 + Ag + KBr

ZINC COMPOUNDS

ZnO: It is called as phillospher's wool due to its wooly flock type appearance

Preparation: 1] 2Zn + O2  2ZnO


2] ZnCO3  ZnO + CO2

3] 2Zn(NO3)2  2ZnO + 4NO2 + O2

4] Zn(OH)2  ZnO + H2O

Purest ZnO : 4ZnSO4 + 4Na2CO3 + 3H2O  ZnCO3·3Zn(OH)2  + 4Na2SO4 + 3CO2

white basic zinc
carbonate

4ZnO + 3H2O  + CO2 

pure
Properties: 1] ZnO(cold) ZnO(hot)
white yellow
2] It is insoluble in water
3] It sublimes at 400°C
4] It is amphoteric oxide
ZnO + 2HCl  ZnCl2 + H2O
ZnO + H2SO4  ZnSO4 + H2O
ZnO + 2NaOH  Na2ZnO2 + H2O

d-Block Compounds [7]

 5] ZnO  Zn by H2 & C
ZnO + H2  400C
 Zn + H2O
ZnO + C  Zn + CO
6] It forms Rinmann's green with Co(NO3)2
2Co(NO3)2  2CoO + 4NO2 + O2
CoO + ZnO  CoZnO2 or CoO·ZnO
Rinmann's green

Uses: (1) As white pigment. It is superior than white lead because it does not turn into black
(2) Rinmann's green is used as green pigment
(3) It is used as zinc ointment in medicine

ZnCl2

Preparation: ZnO + 2HCl  ZnCl2 + H2O 

ZnCO3 + 2HCl  ZnCl2 + H2O + CO2  It crystallises as ZnCl2 ·2 H 2O
Zn(OH)2 + 2HCl  ZnCl2 + 2H2O 

Anh. ZnCl2 cannot be made by heating ZnCl2·2H2O because


ZnCl2·2H2O  Zn(OH)Cl + HCl + H2O

Zn(OH)Cl  ZnO + HCl
To get anh. ZnCl2: Zn + Cl2  ZnCl2
Zn + 2HCl(dry)  ZnCl2 + H2
or Zn + HgCl2  ZnCl2 + Hg
Properties: (i) It is deliquescent white solid (when anhydrous)
(ii) ZnCl2 + H2S  ZnS
" + NaOH  Zn(OH)2 excess
 Na2[Zn(OH)4]
" + NH4OH  Zn(OH)2 excess  [Zn(NH3)4]
2+

Uses: 1] Used for impregnating timber to prevent destruction by insects

2] As dehydrating agent when anhydrous
3] ZnO·ZnCl2 used in dental filling

ZnSO4:–
Preparation:
Zn + dil H2SO4  ZnSO4 + H2
ZnO + dil H2SO4 ZnSO4 + H2O
ZnCO3 + dil H2SO4  ZnSO4 + H2O + CO2
ZnS  2O 2  ZnSO 4 
3  parallel reaction
ZnS + O2  ZnO + SO2 
2
ZnS + 4O3  ZnSO4 + 4O2

d-Block Compounds [8]

  70C  280C
Props. 1] 
ZnSO4·7H2O 39 70C
 ZnSO4·6H2O   ZnSO4·H2O    ZnSO4
1
O + SO2 + ZnO
2 2
Uses: 1] in eye lotion
2] Lithophone making (ZnS + BaSO4) as white pigment

COPPER COMPOUNDS
CuO:

Preparation: (i) CuCO3.Cu(OH)2  2CuO + H2O + CO2 (Commercial process )
Malachite Green
(native Cu-carbonate)
1
(ii) 2Cu + O2  2CuO & Cu2O + O  2CuO
2 2

(iii) Cu(OH)2  CuO + H2O
(iv) 2Cu(NO3)2 250C
  2CuO + 4NO2 + O2

Properties: (i) CuO is insoluble in water

(ii) Readily dissolves in dil. acids
CuO + H2SO4  CuSO4 + H2O
HCl  CuCl2
HNO3 Cu(NO3)2
(iii) It decomposes when, heated above 1100°C
4CuO  2Cu2O + O2
(iv) CuO is reduced to Cu by H2 or C under hot condition
CuO + C  Cu + CO 
CuO + H2  Cu + H2O 

CuCl2 :
Preparation: CuO + 2HCl(conc.) — CuCl2 + H2O
Cu(OH)2·CuCO3 + 4HCl — 2CuCl2 + 3H2O + CO2

Properties: (i) It is crystallised as CuCl2·2H2O of Emerald green colour

(ii) dil. solution in water is blue in colour due to formation of
[Cu(H2O)4]2+complex.
(iii) conc. HCl or KCl added to dil. solution of CuCl2 the colour changes
into yellow, owing to the formation of [CuCl4]2–
(iv) The conc. aq. solution is green in colour having the two complex ions in
equilibrium 2[Cu(H2O)4]Cl2 l [Cu(H2O)4]2+ + [CuCl4]2– + 4H2O
(v) CuCl2 — CuCl by no. of reagents

(a) CuCl2 + Cu-turnings  2CuCl
(b) 2CuCl2 + H2SO3 + H2O — 2CuCl + 2HCl + 2H2SO4
(c) 2CuCl2 + Zn/HCl — 2CuCl + ZnCl2
(d) CuCl2 + SnCl2 — CuCl + SnCl4

d-Block Compounds [9]

 ** CuF2·2H2O — light blue Anh. CuCl 2 is dark brown mass obtained

CuCl2·2H2O — green by heating CuCl 2·2H 2O at 150C in presence
CuBr2 — almost black of HCl vap.
150C
CuI2 does not exist CuCl2·2H2O  CuCl2 + 2H2O
HCl gas

CuSO4:
Preparation: CuO + H2SO4(dil)  CuSO4 + H2O
Cu(OH)2 + H2SO4(dil) CuSO4 + 2H2O
Cu(OH)2·CuCO3 + H2SO4 (dil)  CuSO4 + 3H2O + CO2
1
Cu + H2SO4 + O — CuSO4 + H2O [Commercial scale]
2 2
(Scrap)
Cu + dil. H2SO4  no reaction {Cu is a below H in electrochemical series}

Properties: (i) It is crystallised as CuSO4·5H2O

(ii) CuSO4·5H2O CuSO4·3H2O CuSO4·H2O

Blue take places Pale blue Bluish white

CuSO4(anh.)
white

(iii) Revision with all others reagent

d-Block Compounds [10]

 IRON COMPOUNDS

FeSO4·7H2O:
Preparation: (i) Scrap Fe + H2SO4  FeSO4 + H2
(dil.)
(ii) From Kipp's waste
FeS + H2SO4(dil)  FeSO4 + H2S
7
(iii) FeS2 + 2H2O + O  FeSO4 + H2SO4
2 2
Properties: (i) It undergoes aerial oxidation forming basic ferric sulphate
4FeSO4 + H2O + O2 4Fe(OH)SO4
C FeSO 4 high
(ii) FeSO4·7H2O 300    Fe2O3+SO2+SO3
anh. white temp.
(iii) Aq. solution is acidic due to hydrolysis
FeSO4 + 2H2O l Fe(OH)2 + H2SO4
weak base
(iv) It is a reducing agent
(a) Fe2+ + MnO4– + H+  Fe3+ + Mn2+ + H2O
(b) Fe2+ + Cr2O72– + H+  Fe3+ + Cr3+ + H2O
(c) Au 3+ + Fe2+  Au + Fe3+
(d) Fe2+ + HgCl2  Hg2Cl2 + Fe3+
white ppt.
(v) It forms double salt. Example (NH4)2SO4·FeSO4·6H2O

FeO(Black): Prepn : FeC2O4   

 FeO + CO + CO2
in absence of air
Props: It is stable at high temperature and on cooling slowly disproportionates
into Fe3O4 and iron
4FeO  Fe3O4 + Fe
FeCl2:
heated in
Preparation: Fe + 2HCl   FeCl2 + H2
a current of HCl
OR

2FeCl3 + H2  2FeCl2 + 2HCl
Properties: (i) It is deliquescent in air like FeCl3
(ii) It is soluble in water, alcohol and ether also because it is
sufficiently covalent in nature
(iii) It volatilises at about 1000°C and vapour density indicates the
presence of Fe2Cl4. Above 1300°C density becomes normal
(iv) It oxidises on heating in air
12FeCl2 + 3O2 — 2Fe2O3 + 8FeCl3
(v) H2 evolves on heating in steam
3FeCl2 + 4H2O — Fe3O4 + 6HCl + H2
(vi) It can exist as different hydrated form
FeCl2·2H2O — colourless
FeCl2·4H2O — pale green
FeCl2·6H2O — green

d-Block Compounds [11]

 Question Bank on d-Block Compounds

Select one or more than one correct options.

Q.1 (T) imparts violet colour compd. ( U )  conc. H 2SO 4 (V)Red gas NaOH  AgNO3
            (W)Red ppt.
NH so ln .
 
3
 (X)
(W) Red ppt.dil  (Y) white ppt.
. HCl

NaOH
(U)  (Z) gas (gives white fumes with HCl)

sublimes on
heating
Identify (T) to (Z).
(A) T = KMnO4, U = HCl, V = Cl2, W = HgI2, X = Hg(NH2)NO3, Y = Hg2Cl2, Z = N2

(B) T=K2Cr2O7, U=NH4Cl, V=CrO2Cl2, W=Ag2CrO4, X=[Ag(NH3)2]+, Y=AgCl,Z = NH3

(C) T = K2CrO4, U = KCl, V = CrO2Cl2, W = HgI2, X = Na2CrO4, Y = BaCO3, Z = NH4Cl

(D) T = K2MnO4, U = NaCl, V = CrO3, W = AgNO2, X = (NH4)2CrO4, Y = CaCO3, Z = SO2

Q.2 The number of moles of acidified KMnO4 required to convert one mole of sulphite ion into sulphate ion is
(A) 2/5 (B) 3/5 (C) 4/5 (D) 1

Q.3 N2(g) + 3H2(g) 2NH3(g); Haber’s process, Mo is used as

(A) a catalyst (B) a catalytic promoter
(C) an oxidising agent (D) as a catalytic poison

Q.4 Potash alum is a double salt, its aqueous solution shows the characteristics of
(A) Al3+ ions (B) K+ ions (C) SO42– ions (D) Al3+ ions but not K+ ions

Q.5 Cr2 O 72 2CrO 24 , X and Y are respectively

(A) X = OH–, Y = H+ (B) X = H+, Y = OH–
(C) X = OH–, Y = H2O2 (D) X = H2O2, Y = OH–

Q.6 Addition of non-metals like B and C to the interstitial sites of a transition metal results the metal
(A) of more ductability (B) of less ductability (C) less malleable (D) of more hardness

Q.7 Mercury is a liquid at 0°C because of

(A) very high ionisation energy (B) weak metallic bonds
(C) high heat of hydration (D) high heat of sublimation
Q.8 CrO3 dissolves in aqueous NaOH to give
(A) Cr2O72– (B) CrO42– (C) Cr(OH)3 (D) Cr(OH)2
d-Block Compounds [12]
Q.9 The correct statement(s) about transition elements is/are
(A) the most stable oxidation state is +3 and its stability decreases across the period
(B) transition elements of 3d-series have almost same atomic sizes from Cr to Cu
(C) the stability of +2 oxidation state increases across the period
(D) some transition elements like Ni, Fe, Cr may show zero oxidation state in some of their compounds

Q.10 An ornamental of gold having 75% of gold, it is of .............. carat.

(A) 18 (B) 16 (C) 24 (D) 20

Q.11 Solution of MnO4– is purple-coloured due to

(A) d-d-transition
(B) charge transfer from O to Mn
(C) due to both d-d-transition and charge transfer
(D) none of these

Q.12 The ionisation energies of transition elements are

(A) less than p-block elements (B) more than s-block elements
(C) less than s-block elements (D) more than p-block elements

Q.13 Transition elements having more tendency to form complex than representative elements (s and p-block
elements) due to
(A) availability of d-orbitals for bonding
(B) variable oxidation states are not shown by transition elements
(C) all electrons are paired in d-orbitals
(D) f-orbitals are available for bonding

Q.14 During estimation of oxalic acid Vs KMnO4, self indicator is

(A) KMnO4 (B) oxalic acid (C) K2SO4 (D) MnSO4

Q.15 The metal(s) which does/do not form amalgam is/are

(A) Fe (B) Pt (C) Zn (D) Ag

Q.16 Which of the following statements concern with transition metals?

(A) compounds containing ions of transition elements are usually coloured
(B) the most common oxidation state is +3
(C) they show variable oxidation states, which differ by two units only
(D) they easily form complexes

Q.17 Correct statement(s) is/are

(A) an acidified solution of K2Cr2O7 liberates iodine from KI
(B) K2Cr2O7 is used as a standard solution for estimation of Fe2+ ions
(C) in acidic medium, M = N/6 for K2Cr2O7
(D) (NH4)2Cr2O7 on heating decomposes to yield Cr2O3 through an endothermic reaction

Q.18 The highest oxidation state among transition elements is

(A) + 7 by Mn (B) + 8 by Os (C) + 8 by Ru (D) + 7 by Fe
d-Block Compounds [13]
Q.19 A compound of mercury used in cosmetics, in Ayurvedic and Yunani medicines and known as Vermilon is
(A) HgCl2 (B) HgS (C) Hg2Cl2 (D) HgI

Q.20 Acidified chromic acid + H2O2 Org

 .solvent
 X + Y , X and Y are
(blue colour)

(A) CrO5 and H2O (B) Cr2O3 and H2O (C) CrO2 and H2O (D) CrO and H2O

KI dil H SO
Q.21  Y(g)  CuSO 4  
2
4  X(Blue colour) , X and Y are
(A) X = I2, Y = [Cu(H2O)4]2+ (B) X = [Cu(H2O)4]2+, Y = I2
(C) X = [Cu(H2O)4]+, Y = I2 (D) X = [Cu(H2O)5]2+, Y = I2

Q.22 Transition elements are usually characterised by variable oxidation states but Zn does not show this
property because of
(A) completion of np-orbitals (B) completion of (n–1)d orbitals
(C) completion of ns-orbitals (D) inert pair effect

Q.23 (NH4)2Cr2O7 (Ammonium dichromate) is used in fire works. The green coloured powder blown in air is
(A) Cr2O3 (B) CrO2 (C) Cr2O4 (D) CrO3

Q.24 The d-block element which is a liquid at room temperature, having high specific heat, less reactivity than
hydrogen and its chloride (MX2) is volatile on heating is
(A) Cu (B) Hg (C) Ce (D) Pm

Q.25 Coinage metals show the properties of

(A) typical elements (B) normal elements
(C) inner-transition elements (D) transition element

Q.26 Iron becomes passive by ..................... due to formation of .....................

(A) dil. HCl, Fe2O3 (B) 80% conc. HNO3, Fe3O4
(C) conc. H2SO4, Fe3O4 (D) conc. HCl, Fe3O4

Q.27 Bayer’s reagent used to detect olifinic double bond is

(A) acidified KMnO4 (B) aqueous KMnO4
(C) 1% alkaline KMnO4 solution (D) KMnO4 in benzene

Q.28 Amphoteric oxide(s) is/are

(A) Al2O3 (B) SnO (C) ZnO (D) Fe2O3

Q.29 Interstitial compounds are formed by

(A) Co (B) Ni (C) Fe (D) Ca

Q.30 The transition metal used in X-rays tube is

(A) Mo (B) Ta (C) Tc (D) Pm

d-Block Compounds [14]

Q.31 The catalytic activity of transition elements is related to their
(A) variable oxidation states (B) surface area
(C) complex formation ability (D) magnetic moment

Q.32

x, y and z are respectively

(A) 1, 2, 3 (B) 1, 5, 3 (C) 1, 3, 5 (D) 5, 3, 1

Q.33 Cu + conc. HNO3  Cu(NO3)2 + X (oxide of nitrogen); then X is

(hot)

(A) N2O (B) NO2 (C) NO (D) N2O3

Q.34 When KMnO4 solution is added to hot oxalic acid solution, the decolourisation is slow in the beginning
but becomes instantaneous after some time. This is because
(A) Mn2+ acts as auto catalyst (B) CO2 is formed
(C) Reaction is exothermic (D) MnO4– catalyses the reaction.

Q.35 CuSO4 solution reacts with excess KCN to give

(A) Cu(CN)2 (B) CuCN (C) K2[Cu(CN)2] (D) K3[Cu(CN)4]

Q.36 The higher oxidation states of transition elements are found to be in the combination with A and B, which
are
(A) F, O (B) O, N (C) O, Cl (D) F, Cl

Q.37 In the equation: M + 8CN– + 2H2O + O2  4[M(CN)2]– + 4OH–, metal M is

(A) Ag (B) Au (C) Cu (D) Hg

Q.38 An element of 3d-transition series shows two oxidation states x and y, differ by two units then
(A) compounds in oxidation state x are ionic if x > y
(B) compounds in oxidation state x are ionic if x < y
(C) compounds in oxidation state y are covalent if x < y
(D) compounds in oxidation state y are covalent if y < x

Q.39 Pick out the incorrect statement:

(A) MnO2 dissolves in conc. HCl, but does not form Mn4+ ions
(B) MnO2 oxidizes hot concentrated H2SO4 liberating oxygen
(C) K2MnO4 is formed when MnO2 in fused KOH is oxidised by air, KNO3 , PbO2 or NaBiO3
(D) Decomposition of acidic KMnO4 is not catalysed by sunlight.

Q.40 1 mole of Fe2+ ions are oxidised to Fe3+ ions with the help of (in acidic medium)
(A) 1/5 moles of KMnO4 (B) 5/3 moles of KMnO4
(C) 2/5 moles of KMnO4 (D) 5/2 moles of KMnO4
d-Block Compounds [15]
Q.41 The metals present in insulin and haemoglobin are respectively
(A) Zn, Hg (B) Zn, Fe (C) Co, Fe (D) Mg, Fe

Q.42 To an acidified dichromate solution, a pinch of Na2O2 is added and shaken. What is observed:
(A) blue colour (B) Orange colour changing to green
(C) Copious evolution of oxygen (D) Bluish - green precipitate

Q.43 The rusting of iron is formulated as Fe2O3·xH2O which involves the formation of
(A) Fe2O3 (B) Fe(OH)3 (C) Fe(OH)2 (D) Fe2O3 + Fe(OH)3

Q.44 Metre scales are made-up of alloy

(A) invar (B) stainless steel (C) elektron (D) magnalium

Q.45 Amongst CuF2, CuCl2 and CuBr2

(A) only CuF2 is ionic
(B) both CuCl2 and CuBr2 are covalent
(C) CuF2 and CuCl2 are ionic but CuBr2 is covalent
(D) CuF2, CuCl2 as well as CuBr2 are ionic

Q.46 A metal M which is not affected by strong acids like conc. HNO3, conc. H2SO4 and conc. solution of
alkalies like NaOH, KOH forms MCl3 which finds use for toning in photography. The metal M is
(A) Ag (B) Hg (C) Au (D) Cu

Q.47 Solid CuSO4·5H2O having covalent, ionic as well as co-ordinate bonds. Copper atom/ion forms
................. co-ordinate bonds with water.
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 4

Q.48 CuSO4(aq) + 4NH3  X, then X is

(A) [Cu(NH3)4]2+ (B) paramagnetic
(C) coloured (D) of a magnetic moment of 1.73 BM

Q.49 KMnO4 + HCl  H2O + X(g), X is a

(acidified)

(A) red liquid (B) violet gas

(C) greenish yellow gas (D) yellow-brown gas

Q.50 Purple of cassius is:

(A) Pure gold (B) Colliodal solution of gold
(C) Gold (I) hydroxide (D) Gold (III) chloride

Q.51 Amongst the following species, maximum covalent character is exhibited by

(A) FeCl2 (B) ZnCl2 (C) HgCl2 (D) CdCl2

Q.52 Number of moles of SnCl2 required for the reduction of 1 mole of K2Cr2O7 into Cr2O3 is (in acidic medium)
(A) 3 (B) 2 (C) 1 (D) 1/3

d-Block Compounds [16]

Q.53 Amphoteric oxide(s) of Mn is/are
(A) MnO2 (B) Mn3O4 (C) Mn2O7 (D) MnO

Q.54 Pick out the incorrect statement:

(A) MnO 24 is quite strongly oxidizing and stable only in very strong alkalies. In dilute alkali, neutral
solutions, it disproportionates.
(B) In acidic solutions, MnO 4 is reduced to Mn2+ and thus, KMnO4 is widely used as oxidising agent
(C) KMnO4 does not acts as oxidising agent in alkaline medium
(D) KMnO4 is manufactured by the fusion of pyrolusite ore with KOH in presence of air or KNO 3,
followed by electrolytic oxidation in alkaline solution.

Q.55 The aqueous solution of CuCrO4 is green because it contains

(A) green Cu2+ ions (B) green CrO42– ions
(C) blue Cu2+ ions and green CrO42– ions (D) blue Cu2+ ions and yellow CrO42– ions

Q.56 Manganese steel is used for making railway tracks because

(A) it is hard with high percentage of Mn
(B) it is soft with high percentage of Mn
(C) it is hard with small concentration of manganese with impurities
(D) it is soft with small concentration of manganese with impurities

Q.57 In nitroprusside ion, the iron exists as Fe2+ and NO as NO+ rather than Fe3+ and NO respectively.
These forms of ions are established with the help of
(A) magnetic moment in solid state (B) thermal decomposition method
(C) by reaction with KCN (D) by action with K2SO4

Q.58 Acidified KMnO4 can be decolourised by

(A) SO2 (B) H2O2 (C) FeSO4 (D) Fe2(SO4)3

Q.59 Transition elements in lower oxidation states act as Lewis acid because
(A) they form complexes (B) they are oxidising agents
(C) they donate electrons (D) they do not show catalytic properties

Q.60 The lanthanide contraction is responsible for the fact that

(A) Zr and Hf have same atomic sizes (B) Zr and Hf have same properties
(C) Zr and Hf have different atomic sizes (D) Zr and Hf have different properties

Q.61 The Ziegler-Natta catalyst used for polymerisation of ethene and styrene is TiCl4 + (C2H5)3Al, the
catalysing species (active species) involved in the polymerisation is
(A) TiCl4 (B) TiCl3 (C) TiCl2 (D) TiCl

Q.62 Ion(s) having non zero magnetic moment (spin only) is/are
(A) Sc3+ (B) Ti3+ (C) Cu2+ (D) Zn2+

d-Block Compounds [17]

Q.63 The electrons which take part in order to exhibit variable oxidation states by transition metals are
(A) ns only (B) (n–1)d only
(C) ns and (n–1)d only but not np (D) (n–1)d and np only but not ns

Q.64 ‘Bordeaux mixture’ is used as a fungicide. It is a mixture of

(A) CaSO4 + Cu(OH)2 (B) CuSO4 + Ca(OH)2
(C) CuSO4 + CaO (D) CuO + CaO

Q.65 Which of the following reaction is possible at anode?

(A) 2Cr3+ + 7H2O  Cr2 O 72 + 14 H+ (B) F2  2 F–
1
(C) 2 O 2 + 2H+  H2O (D) None of these

Q.66 Colourless solutions of the following four salts are placed separately in four different test tubes and a
strip of copper is dipped in each one of these. Which solution will turn blue?
(A) KNO3 (B) AgNO3 (C) Zn(NO3)2 (D) ZnSO4

Q.67 Peacock ore is:

(A) FeS2 (B) CuFeS2 (C) CuCO3.Cu(OH)2 (D) Cu5FeS4

Q.68 “925 fine silver” means an alloy of:

(A) 7.5 % Ag and 92.5% Cu (B) 92.5 % Ag and 7.5 % Cu
(C) 80% Ag and 20 % Cu (D) 90 % Ag and 10% Cu
Q.69 Iron salt used in blue prints is:
(A) FeC2O4 (B) Fe2(C2O4)3 (C) K4[Fe(CN)6] (D) K3[Fe(CN)6]

Q.70 When acidified KMnO4 is added to hot oxalic acid solution, the decolourization is slow in the beginning,
but becomes very rapid after some time. This is because:
(A) Mn2+ acts as autocatalyst (B) CO2 is formed as the product
(C) Reaction is exothermic (D) MnO 4 catalyses the reaction

Question No. 71 to 80
Questions given below consist of two statements each printed as Assertion (A) and Reason (R); while
answering these questions you are required to choose any one of the following four responses:
(A) if both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)
(B) if both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not correct explanation of (A)
(C) if (A) is true but (R) is false
(D) if (A) is false and (R) is true
Q.71 Assertion : KMnO4 is purple in colour due to charge transfer.
Reason : In MnO 4 , there is no electron present in d-orbitals of manganese.

Q.72 Assertion : K2CrO4 has yellow colour due to charge transfer.

Reason : CrO 24 ion is tetrahedral in shape.
d-Block Compounds [18]
Q.73 Assertion : The highest oxidation state of chromium in its compounds is +6.
Reason : Chromium atom has only six electrons in ns and (n–1) d orbitals.

Q.74 Assertion : CrO3 reacts with HCl to form chromyl chloride gas.
Reason : Chromyl chloride (CrO2Cl2) has tetrahedral shape.

Q.75 Assertion : Zinc does not show characteristic properties of transition metals.
Reason : In zinc outermost shell is completely filled.

Q.76 Assertion : Tungsten has a very high melting point.

Reason : Tungsten is a covalent compound.

Q.77 Assertion : Equivalent mass of KMnO4 is equal to one-third of its molecular mass when it acts as an
oxidising agent in an alkaline medium.
Reason : Oxidation number of Mn is +7 in KMnO4.

Q.78 Assertion : Ce4+ is used as an oxidising agent in volumetric analysis.

Reason : Ce4+ has the tendency of attain +3 oxidation state.

Q.79 Assertion : Promethium is a man made element.

Reason : It is radioactive and has been prepared by artifical means.

Q.80 Assertion : Cu+ ion is colourless.

Reason : Four water molecules are coordinated to Cu+ ion.

IIT JEE ASKED QUESTIONS

Q.81 Anhydrous ferric chloride is prepared by: [JEE 2002]

(A) heating hydrated ferric chloride at a high temperature in a stream of air
(B) heating metallic iron in a stream of dry chlorine gas
(C) reaction of ferric oxide with HCl
(D) reaction of metallic iron with HCl

Q.82 When MnO2 is fused with KOH, a coloured compound is formed, the product and its colour is:
(A) K2MnO4, purple colour (B) KMnO4, purple [JEE 2003]
(C) Mn2O3, brown (D) Mn3O4, black

d-Block Compounds [19]

 ANSWER KEY

Q.1 B Q.2 A Q.3 B Q.4 A,B,C Q.5 A

Q.6 B,C,D Q.7 A,B Q.8 B Q.9 A,B,C,D Q.10 A

Q.11 B Q.12 A,B Q.13 A Q.14 A Q.15 A,B

Q.16 A,B,D Q.17 A,B,C Q.18 B,C Q.19 B Q.20 A

Q.21 B Q.22 B Q.23 A Q.24 B Q.25 D

Q.26 B Q.27 C Q.28 A,B,C Q.29 A,B,C Q.30 A

Q.31 A,B,C Q.32 B Q.33 B Q.34 A Q.35 D

Q.36 A Q.37 A,B Q.38 B,C Q.39 D Q.40 A

Q.41 B Q.42 A,C Q.43 D Q.44 A Q.45 A,B

Q.46 C Q.47 D Q.48 A,B,C,D Q.49 C Q.50 B

Q.51 C Q.52 A Q.53 A,B Q.54 C Q.55 D

Q.56 A Q.57 A Q.58 A,B,C Q.59 A Q.60 A,B

Q.61 B Q.62 B,C Q.63 C Q.64 B Q.65 A

Q.66 B Q.67 D Q.68 B Q.69 B Q.70 A

Q.71 B Q.72 B Q.73 A Q.74 B Q.75 C

Q.76 C Q.77 B Q.78 A Q.79 A Q.80 C

Q.81 B Q.82 A

d-Block Compounds [20]