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LAB 10 ECD 190994

This lab report focuses on the Darlington pair amplifier, explaining its function and components. It details the circuit implementation, input and output waveforms, and provides results showing a high current gain of 3170. The report concludes that the Darlington pair is advantageous for applications requiring high current gain and input impedance.

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10 views8 pages

LAB 10 ECD 190994

This lab report focuses on the Darlington pair amplifier, explaining its function and components. It details the circuit implementation, input and output waveforms, and provides results showing a high current gain of 3170. The report concludes that the Darlington pair is advantageous for applications requiring high current gain and input impedance.

Uploaded by

jvbantugan34
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Department of Mechatronics Engineering

LAB REPORT: 9

Electronic Circuit Design


(MT-247)

Air University, Sector E -9, Islamabad


Name: JAMSHAID ALI

Roll No. 190994

Class: BEMTS-F19-A

Section: Section A
Lab # 10
DARLINGTON PAIR AMPLIFIER

Objective:
To understand how a darlington amplifier works and analyze its output.

Components Required:
 Function Generator
 Power Supply
 Oscilloscope
 Digital Multi meter
 BJT (NPN 2N3904)
 Resistors

Description:
Amplifier:

The term amplifier means either a circuit (or stage) using a single active device or a complete
system such as a packaged audio hi-fi amplifier.
An electronic amplifier is a device for increasing the power and/or amplitude of a signal. It does
this by taking energy from a power supply and controlling the output to match the input signal
shape but with larger amplitude. In this sense, an amplifier may be considered as modulating the
output of the power supply.

An important function of the output stage is to provide the amplifier with a low output stage
resistance so that it can deliver the output signal to the load without loss of gain. Since the output
stage is the final stage of the amplifier, it usually deals with the relatively large signals. Thus the
small signal approximations and models are not applicable or must be used with care. Measure
of goodness of design of the output stage is the total harmonic distortion it introduces. This is
the RMS value of the harmonic components of the output signal.

Power amplifier is simply an amplifier with a high power output stage. The most challenging
requirement in the design of the output stage is that it delivers the required amount of power to
the load in an efficient manner. This implies that the power dissipated in the output stage
transistors must be as low as possible.
Darlington pair:

This is two transistors connected together so that the current


amplified by the first is amplified further by the second transistor.
The overall current gain is equal to the two individual gains
multiplied together:

 Darlington pair current gain, hFE = hFE1 ! hFE2 (hFE1 and hFE2 are the gains of
the individual transistors)
 This gives the Darlington pair a very high current gain, such as 10000, so that only
a tiny base current is required to make the pair switch on.

 A Darlington pair behaves like a single transistor with a very high current gain. It has three
leads (B, C and E) which are equivalent to the leads of a standard individual transistor. To
turn on there must be 0.7V across both the base-emitter junctions which are connected in
series inside the Darlington pair, therefore it requires 1.4V to turn on.

 Darlington pairs are available as complete packages but you can make up your own from two
transistors; TR1 can be a low power type, but normally TR2 will need to be high power. The
maximum collector current Ic(max) for the pair is the same as Ic(max) for TR2.

 A Darlington pair is sufficiently sensitive to respond to the small current passed by your skin
and it can be used to make a touch-switch as shown in the diagram. For this circuit which just
lights an LED the two transistors can be any general purpose low power transistors. The 100k
resistor protects the transistors if the contacts are linked with a piece of wire.
CIRCUIT TO BE IMPLEMENT:

Figure 1

CIRCUIT IMPLEMENTED ON PROTEUS:


CIRCUIT IMPLEMENTED ON BREADBOARD:

INPUT WAVEFORM:
OUTPUT WAVEFORM:

RESULTS:
Iin=0.04mA
Ii1=3.01mA
Ii2=0.94mA
Ai1=I1/Iin=3.01/0.04=94.7
Ai2=I2/Iin=0.94/0.03=31.2
Ai=Ai1 x Ai2=97.1 x 31.2
Ai= 3170
CONCLUSIONS:
The Darlington transistor pair is a very useful circuit in many applications. It provides a high level
of current gain which can be used in many power applications . The Darlington Pair offers a number
of advantages. It is primarily used because it offers a particularly high current gain and this also
reflects into a high input impedance for the overall Darlington circuit when compared to a single
transistor.

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