SOLID GEOMETRY
-PRISMS
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PRISM
A prism is a polyhedron of which two faces are equal
polygons in parallel planes, and the other faces are
parallelograms
Properties:
1. The bases are the equal polygons.
2. The intersections of the lateral faces are called
the lateral edges. These lateral edges are equal and
parallel.
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PRISM
Properties:
3. The altitude is the perpendicular
distance between the planes of
its bases.
4. A right section of a prism is a
section perpendicular to the
lateral edges.
5. A right prism is a prism whose
lateral edges are perpendicular
to its bases; its lateral faces
are rectangles.
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PRISM
FORMULAS:
Volume = Area of the Right section x
lateral edge
V = Re
where R=BsinƟ
e R
h
e
Volume = Area of the Base x
Altitude
V = Bh B
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PRISM
FORMULAS:
Lateral Area = lateral edge X
perimeter of right section
LA = e·pR
e 5
Example 1 Example 2
Compute for the A piece of slab (right prism)
volume of the figure with two parallel equal bases each
below. in the form of a sector as shown
below has a density of 10 grams
per cubic inch. Find its total mass
in kilograms. (1kg=1000grams)
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Example 3
The right section of a prism is in the form of a
regular hexagon whose apothem measures 5 cm. If
the lateral area is 360 sq. cm, what is the length of
the lateral edge of the prism?
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Example 4
A container in the form of a right triangular
prism as shown in the figure below contains water
at a depth of 10 inches. Find the volume of the
water and the wet part of the container.
A RECTANGULAR PARALLELEPIPED is a
polyhedron whose six faces are all rectangles.
Properties:
The parallel edges Rectangular cuboid
are equal.
The opposite lateral faces
are equal and parallel.
Any two opposite faces maybe
taken as the bases.
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DIAGONAL LENGTH
OF A RECTANGULAR SOLID
h
𝑑= 𝑙 2 + 𝑤 2 + ℎ2
w
VOLUME OF PRISMS
VOLUME = AREA OF THE BASE X THE HEIGHT
Vparallelepiped = l w h
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SURFACE AREA OF A RECTANGULAR SOLID
l
LATERAL SURFACE AREA, LSA
LSA = 2hw + 2hl
TOTAL SURFACE AREA, TSA
TSA = 2hw + 2hl + 2lw
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CUBE
A CUBE is a polyhedron whose six
faces are all squares.
Properties:
– 1. The three dimensions of a cube are
equal to each other.
– 2. All the faces of a cube are congruent
squares.
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DIAGONAL LENGTH OF A CUBE
d 𝒅𝒄𝒖𝒃𝒆 = 𝟑𝒂
a
VOLUME OF A CUBE (PRISM)
V cube = a3
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SURFACE AREA OF A CUBE
LATERAL SURFACE AREA, LSA (CUBE)
LSA cube = 4a2
TOTAL SURFACE AREA, TSA (cube)
TSA cube = 6a2
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Examples:
1. How many square inches of a material is needed
to create an open top rectangular solid whose
volume is 54 cubic inches? Assume that the length
and width are of the same measurement and that
the height is twice the length.
2. Find the approximated change in the volume of a
rectangular solid caused by increasing each side by
5%.
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Examples:
3. To excavate for a basement, 7m by 12m, a man
had the earth removed to a depth of 3m. How
much did this cost at Php100 per cubic meter of
earth removed?
4. Determine the total surface area of a cube if its
diagonal measures 54inches.
5. The volume of a rectangular solid is 910 m³. Find
its LSA if the dimensions are in the ratio 2:3:5.
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Reference:
Earnhart, Richard T. (2011). Solid
Mensuration: Understanding the 3-D Space.
C&E Publishing, Inc.
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