Experiment and Simulation Analysis of BMM

Electrostatic Discharge Simulator

1,2
Lou Shichao ; Cai Xiaobing3; Ruan Fangming*1,2; Su Ming1; Ji Qizheng2; Wang Heng1; Yang Xiangdong1;
Gao Zhiliang2 ; David Pommerenke4
1 Department of Big Data and Electronic Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550001, China
E-mail: [email protected]; [email protected]
2 Beijing Oriental Institute of Metrology and Test ,Beijing 100080, China
3 Guizhou Huitong Huacheng Company Ltd.
4 EMC Lab of Missouri University of Science & Technology, US,

Abstract—Human body electrostatic discharge, due to rapid II.
CIRCUIT MODEL ANALYSIS OF HUMAN BODY-METAL
development and large scale applications of electronic products MODEL
and integrated circuits, becomes a serious threat to electronic
system security. Human body-metal dual-RLC circuit model was The human body - metal model (BMM) is mainly used to
discussed based on international standard IEC61000-4-2. Model simulate the charge of the human body through hand-held
simulation was given by software MATLAB and fourth order small metal objects, such as screwdrivers, keys, etc., when
Runge-Kutta algorithm. Discharge waveform was obtained to other objects discharge situation. When the electric field
verify the standard. Relevant circuit model was built up based on source around, due to the tip effect of these small metal
the new electrostatic discharge measurement system whereas objects, making the surrounding field strength greatly
obtained the relevant discharge waveform. Actual test discharge increased, coupled with its electrode effect, resulting in
waveforms were compared. discharge equivalent resistance greatly reduced[3-4]. Therefore,
under the same conditions, BMM produces a discharge current
Keywords—electrostatic discharge; body-metal model; peak than the individual body discharge is large, the discharge
algorithm; motor duration is short. Human body-metal model was initially built
I.
INTRODUCTION in the standard with single RC electrical model. However,
with the accuracy of measuring instruments and the increase in
With the rapid development of science and technology, bandwidth, it was found in the process of its discharge,
electronic equipment and instruments of electronic products including low-speed and high-speed discharge mode. A
have been more intelligent and higher degree integrated. High- separate RC structure is no longer sufficient for this situation.
precision integrated circuits have become indispensable Therefore, in the standard provides a simulated human body -
devices in the electronics industry. But in industrial production metal model using dual RLC structure, the circuit shown in
and people's daily life of the phenomenon of electrostatic Figure 1.
discharge is quite common, It can instantaneously produce a
very wide spectrum of electromagnetic field, resulting in a Which CB=C1=1.5X10-10F is the body capacitance;
large number of serious failures of electronic products[1-2]. RB=R1=171
is the human resistance; LB=L1=1.8X10-6H is
Therefore, the protection of electrostatic discharge has become the body inductance; CHA=C2=1.0X10-11FRHA=R2=170

one of the most concerned topics in various fields. In addition, and LHA=L2=0.154X10-6H are "free capacitors", resistors and
the static electricity generated by electrostatic discharge is inductors for hand, forearm and small metal objects,
different, even if the same static source will be temperature, respectively UB(0)=UHA(0)=U1(0)=U2(0)=4kV. The specific
humidity and environmental factors such as the impact. value shown in Fig. 1.
International Electrotechnical Commission in the IEC61000-4-
2 standard provides for the equipment on the electrostatic According to Kirchhoff current and voltage law, from Fig.
discharge immunity test specific requirements. In this paper, 1 can be Equation (1).
the human body - metal model is simulated by MATLAB
software, and the relevant circuit model is simulated according

to the new type electrostatic discharge tester in the laboratory.

Our electromagnetic compatibility research team developed a
new type of electrostatic discharge tester. The tester used a
crankshaft connecting rod movement to solve on how to
improve the response to discharge a gun while moving to the
discharge rate target of avoiding a collision between damage
device this problem.

Fig. 1.
Body - metal model ESD discharge circuit.

Foundation: This work was supported by National Nature Science

Foundation of China (No. 60971078); by 2016 Electrostatic Research Fund
of Academician Liu Sanghe of Beijing Oriental Institute of Metrology and
Test(No.BOIMTLSHJD20161004); by 2016 Guizhou Province
Electrostatic and Electromagnetic Protection Innovation Talents Team of
Sci. and Tech.; by 2016 Central Government Special Fund Supporting
Guizhou Development of Science and Technology(No.
QKZYD[2016]4006);by Guizhou Province Innovation Talents Team of
Electrostatic and Electromagnetic Protection(No.QKHPTRC[2017]5653).

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 ⎧ dU 1 (t ) 1 ⎧M 1 = p (U1 ,U 2 , i1 )
⎪ d (t ) = − c i1 = f (i1 ) ⎪
⎪ 1 ⎪M 2 = p (i1 + h M 1 ,U1 + h K1 , U 2 + h L1 )
2 2 2 (6)
⎪ dU 2 (t ) 1 ⎪⎪
⎪ d (t ) = − c i = g (i ) (1)
⎨ h h h
⎪
⎨
2
⎪M 3 = p (i1 + 2 M 2 ,U1 + 2 K 2 , U 2 + 2 L2 )
⎪ di 1 (t ) 1 1 R ⎪
= U − U − 1 i = p (U1 ,U 2 , i1 ) ⎪M = p (i + h M ,U + h K ,U + h L )
⎪ d (t ) L1 1 L1 2 L1 1
⎪ ⎪⎩ 2 1
2
3 1
2
3 2
2
3

⎪ di (t ) = 1 U − R2 i = q (U , i ) ⎧ N1 = q(U 2 , i )
⎪⎩ d (t ) L2 2 L2 1 2 1
⎪
For the above formula using fourth order Runge-Kutta ⎪ N 2 = (i + h N1 ,U 2 + h L1 )
⎪⎪ 2 2 (7)
solution, the specific formula Equation (2).
⎨ h h
h
⎪ N 2 = (i + 2 N 2 ,U 2 + 2 L2 )
⎧
⎪ yn +1 = yn + 6 (k1 + 2k 2 + 2k3 + k 4 )
⎪
⎪ N = (i + h N , U + h L )
⎪ ⎪⎩ 2 3 2 3
⎪k1 = f ( y1 , y2 , y3 , y4 ) 2 2
⎪ h h h h 22

⎪k 2 = f ( y1 + k11 , y2 + k 21 , y3 + k31 , y 4 + k 41 ) (2) 20

⎪⎪ 2 2 2 2 18
⎨ h h h h
⎪k3 = f ( y1 + 2 k12 , y2 + 2 k 22 , y3 + 2 k32 , y 4 + 2 k 42 )
16



14
⎪
⎪k = f ( y + h k , y + h k , y + h k , y 4 + h k ) 12

⎪ 3 1
2
12 2
2
22 3
2
32
2
42 10

⎪ 8

⎪k = f ( y + h k , y + h k , y + h k , y 4 + h k ) 4
4 1 13 2 23 3 33 43
⎩⎪ 2 2 2 2 2

Thus, the specific variation of Equation (1) is shown in 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Equation (3-7) 

⎧ h Fig. 2.
Body - metal discharge model simulation waveform.

⎪U1 (n + 1) = U1 (n) + 6 ( K1 + 2 K 2 + 2 K 3 + K 4 )
⎪ According to this formula, take the value of Fig. 1 using
⎪U (n + 1) = U (n) + h ( L + 2 L + 2 L + L ) (3) the data, with MATLAB software simulation, the human body
⎪ 2 2
6
1 2 3 4
- metal model simulation waveform shown in Fig.
⎨
⎪i (n + 1) = i (n) + h ( M + 2M + 2M + M ) 2.According to the human body model of the relevant circuit
⎪1 1
6
1 2 3 4
parameters can only give some of the discharge current
⎪ h waveform, and can not simulate the complex environment
⎪i (n + 1) = i (n) + ( N1 + 2 N 2 + 2 N 3 + N 4 ) under various circumstances of the human body electrostatic
⎩ 6
discharge model[5].It can be seen from the figure, the discharge
where process appeared 2 times the discharge, this is because when
the human body as an electrostatic conductor, the charge
⎧ K1 = f (i1 ) distribution is not uniform. The energy in the discharge
⎪ h
⎪K 2 = f (i1 + M1)
process can not be released all at once in the case of mutual
⎪⎪ 2
(4) contact repeat discharge. The algorithm is feasible for fitting
⎨ h with ESD international standards.
⎪K 3 = f (i1 + M 2 )
2
⎪ III.
DESIGN AND TEST PRINCIPLE OF EXPERIMENTAL DEVICE
⎪K = h
⎪⎩ 4 f (i1 + M 3 ) As the human-metal discharge process with high-speed
2
and low-speed discharge mode.The high-speed discharge
⎧ L1 = g (i ) mode is associated with the "free capacitance" of the hand,
⎪ forearm and small metal objects,It produces the initial
⎪ L2 = g (i + h N1 ) discharge current tip pulse rising speed is high, the peak is
⎪⎪ 2 large, can produce a strong electromagnetic pulse.And it is
(5) high speed, short duration, often makes many of the electronic
⎨ h
⎪ L3 = g (i + 2 N 2 ) equipment ESD protection device has not had time to have the
⎪ operation has been invaded equipment, resulting in equipment
⎪ L = g (i + h N ) damage.And therefore more difficult to protect, but because of
⎪⎩ 4 3 the associated discharge capacitance capacity is small, the
2 discharge of the release of energy is also small, it is often
caused by damage to the soft damage or the formation of

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random interference. While the low-speed discharge mode is
associated with the human body capacitance, the release of
energy in the discharge, resulting in unnecessary accidental
explosion and electronic devices within the system of hard
damage. The distribution of the discharge capacitance of the
human body-metal is shown in Fig.3.
Our research team independently developed a successful
test of the factors that affect the electrostatic discharge
parameters of the test system.The system has been national
patent, patent number: ZL201320024841.7.The test equipment
using a closed box, the appearance of the size of 80cm (high)
X100cm(length)X40cm(width)[6-8].The electrostatic discharge
generator model EMPEK ESD-2020G, it can provide the
maximum output voltage of 20kv.Its series of products meet
the latest IEC61000-4-2: 2001 and GB / T17626.2-2006 Fig. 4.
New Electrostatic Discharge Tester.
standard requirements, in order to assess the electrical and
electronic equipment to withstand the electrostatic discharge IV.
SIMULATION RESULTS AND DATA ANALYSIS
when the immunity performance to provide a comprehensive The actual resistance, inductance and capacitance
and comprehensive solution.Mainly used in mobile phones, components can not be ideal, there is parasitic capacitance,
computers and the like electronic equipment.The use of inductance and loss.Consider the parasitic effect of the circuit
mechanical and electrical integration design, the use of in the discharge process of the body-metal electrostatic
crankshaft link mechanism to solve when the discharge discharge simulator as the core, and turn it into the
electrode to the target movement between the collision corresponding element.The corresponding relationship shown
between the problem[9-12].It is mainly composed of motor, in Fig. 4.The figure can be the image of the motor, crankshaft
crankshaft connecting rod, discharge gun, discharge target and connecting rod and discharge gun to be measured by the
electrostatic discharge generator and so on, can be used to human body, forearm and hand-held metal rods at a certain
simulate the measured body's hand, forearm and small metal speed near the discharge target process.
rods between the discharge form.

When conducting an electrostatic discharge test, press the  

power control switch to preheat the entire system. The
charging voltage of the electrostatic discharge generator is set
to 4 kV, and the discharge gun is charged. The discharge gun 


is connected to the motor through the crankshaft connecting

rod, and the oscilloscope connects the discharge target through
the coaxial cable. Push the motor drive switch, discharge gun      
to the discharge target to do uniform linear motion and contact   Ω
with and then leave, at this point the oscilloscope records the      Ω   
Ω  
real-time discharge current waveform and data. This process      
can be used to simulate the discharge model of the human
body-metal electrostatic discharge generator as the core. The Fig. 5.
Simulation of human-metal discharge process diagram.
electrostatic discharge tester system internal structure diagram
shown in Fig. 4.

Fig. 6.
Circuit Simulation of New ESD Test System

Fig. 3.
Distribution of capacitance - metal discharge capacitance.

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