Chapter 03:

Cloud Services
Cloud Service Models

Users can access and deploy cloud applications from anywhere in the world at
very competitive costs.

Virtualized cloud platforms are often built on top of large data centers.
Traditional approach
Service Models
CLOUD SERVICE DELIVERY MODELS

Cloud computing model is used to deliver the services to end users

from a pool of shared resources such as:
● computing systems,
● network components,
● storage systems,
● database servers and
● software applications as a pay-as-you-go service rather
of purchasing or owning them.

The services are delivered and operated by the cloud provider,

which reduces the end user's management effort.
CLOUD SERVICE DELIVERY MODELS

Cloud computing allows the delivery of a wide range of services

categorized into three basic types of delivery models as follows:

● Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)

● Platform as a Service (PaaS)
● Software as a Service (SaaS)
Different cloud services are aimed towards different type of users.

For instance, consider the IaaS model is aimed at infrastructure architects,

whereas PaaS is aimed at software developers and SaaS is aimed at cloud
users.
Infrastructure As A Service (IaaS)

IAAS provides virtualized computing resources such as virtual

machines, storage, and networking components.

The physical servers are managed by the service providers.

Scale resources up or down based on demand, avoiding

over-provisioning and minimizing costs.

Users can manage and configure resources independently through a

web interface or API.

The complexity of managing the physical infrastructure is removed or

hidden from the IT architects.
The following services might be provided by a regular IaaS provider.

Compute: Virtual computing power and main memory are provided to

end users as part of Computing as a Service.

Storage: It provides back-end storage for storing files and VM

images.

Network: There are many number of networking components like

bridges, routers and, switches are provided virtually.

Load balancers: These are used to manage the sudden spikes in

usage of infrastructure for balancing the load
Benefits

Eliminate the need for upfront hardware investment and reduce

operational costs.

Customize virtual environments to match specific requirements,

enhancing performance and resource utilization.

Instantly deploy and configure virtual instances, accelerating

application development and testing.

provides resources depending on user requirement. The resources

can be scale up and scale down by using load balancers.

Dedicated servers are utilized for many business requirements in

conventional IT architecture. IaaS decreases the power consumption
resulting in Green IT.
Limitations

Security Issues: IaaS is providing services through Virtualization

technology through hypervisors.. There are several chances to attack
the compromised hypervisors.

Interoperability Issues: IaaS service providers don't have any

standard operating procedures. Any VM transfer from one IaaS
provider to another is a difficult one. Customers may encounter the
issue of vendor lock-in issue.

Performance Issues: The network latency is a key factor in

determining performance of the service. Due to latency concerns, the
VM's performance might suffer from time to time.
Examples of IaaS:

★ Microsoft Azure
★ Rackspace
★ AWS
★ Google Compute Engine
Platform As A Service (PaaS)

Virtualized Development Environment.

The users doesn't have the control on the development platform

and underlying infrastructure like servers, storage , network and
operating system but the user has control on the deployed
applications as well data related to that applications.

PAAS empowers developers to focus on development, deployment

and management of services and applications without worrying
about the underlying infrastructure.

PaaS offerings typically include tools, development frameworks,

databases, and infrastructure components that streamline the
cloud application development process.
Benefits

● Focus on code and application logic without worrying

about infrastructure management.
● Rapidly deploy applications with built-in development,
testing, and deployment tools.
● eliminates the requirement for developers to purchase
licensed development and testing tools.
● PaaS allows developers from multiple locations to
collaborate on a single project.
● provide built-in scalability to applications produced on
the PaaS platform.
Limitations

Lack of standards is the primary cause of vendor lock-in. PaaS

providers do not adhere to any common standards for providing
services.

Many developers are hesitant to use PaaS services since their data
isstored on third-party servers off-site.When choosing a PaaS
provider, developers should compare the PaaS provider's regulatory,
compliance, and security standards to their own security needs.

PaaS limit developer’s ability to create their own application stack.The

majority of PaaS vendors still do not give developers with enough
flexibility.

Developers must have an internet connection in order to utilize

PaaS services.
Examples of PaaS:

★ Redhat Open Shift

★ Google App Engine (GAE)

★ Heroku

★ Scalingo

★ Python Anywhere

★ Azure App Service

★ AWS Elastic Beanstalk

Software As A Service (SaaS)
Cloud Based Application

With this Software as a Service (SaaS) model, users can buy

subscription-based software applications over the Internet.

In this model, software vendors host and maintain the software, making it
accessible to users via web browsers or dedicated applications, rather
than users having to install and run the software on their computers or
servers.
SAAS offers ready-to-use applications hosted on the cloud and
accessible via the Internet.

Service providers handle maintenance, updates, and security patches.

A SaaS provider might provide a variety of services, including business
management services, social media services, document management
software’s and mail services.
Benefits

● Access applications from anywhere and from any device with an

internet connection, promoting remote work and collaboration.
● Predictable subscription costs make budgeting and financial
planning easier.
● Quickly deploy and use software without lengthy installation
processes.
● The service provider is responsible for automating application
updates, monitoring, and doing other routine maintenance then
the user is not responsible for maintain the software.
● It solves the problem of single point of failure. It also ensures
high availability of application.
● Multi-tenancy refers to sharing same application among multiple
users improves resource use for providers and decreases cost for
users.
Limitations

Data leakage is possible because the SaaS application is shared by

many end users. The data is kept in the datacenter of the service
provider. (Must be careful when choosing a SaaS provider)

In order to use SaaS applications, users must have internet

connection.

The end user has no control over the data since it is kept in a
third-party off-premise location.
Some Examples of SaaS

★ Google GSuite (Apps)

★ Dropbox,
★ Salesforce
★ Cisco WebEx and
★ GoToMeeting
Difference Between IaaS, PaaS, and SaaS
Other services: Network as a Service (NaaS):

It allows end users to make use of virtual network services

provided by the service provider.
It is a pay-per-use approach similar to other cloud service
models.
NaaS are transformed into a utility to make:
○ virtual organizations,
○ virtual organization interface cards,
○ virtual switches and
○ other systems administration components in the
cloud environment.

Example: VPNs, bandwidth-on-demand, and virtualized

mobile networks.
DEaaS (Desktop as a Service):

● It allows end customers to enjoy desktop virtualization

service without having to acquire and manage their own
computing infrastructure.
● It is a pay-per-use model in which the provider handles
data storage, backup, security and updates on the back
end.
● DEaaS services are easy to set up, secure, and provide a
better user experience across a wide range of devices.
STorage as a Service (STaaS):

● It provides end users with the opportunity to store data on

the service provider's storage services.
● Users may access their files from anywhere and at any time
with STaaS.
● Virtual storage emulates from physical storage is abstracted
by the STaaS provider. STaaS is a utility-based cloud
business model.
● Customers may rent storage space from the STaaS
provider and they can access from any location. STaaS
provides disaster recovery backup storage solution.
Database as a Service (DBaaS) :
● This service that allows end users to access databases without having
to install or manage them.
● Installing and maintaining databases is the responsibility of the service
provider.
● End consumers may utilize the services immediately and pay for them
based on their use.
● Database administration is automated using DBaaS.
● The database services may be accessed by end users using the service
provider's APIs or web interfaces.

● The database management procedure is made easier using DBaaS.

DBaaS provides popular services such as ScaleDB , SimpleDB,
DynamicDB, MongoDB and GAE data store.
Data as a Service (DaaS)

● An on demand service provided by a cloud vendor to users to access

the data over the Internet.
● Data consists of text, photos, audio, and videos etc. all are part of the
data.
● Other service models for example SaaS and STaaS are closely related
to DaaS. For offering a composite service, DaaS may simply include in
either SaaS or STaaS.
● Geographical data services and financial data services are two areas
where DaaS is widely employed.
● Agility, cost efficiency, and data quality are some of the benefits of
DaaS.
SECurity as a Service (SECaaS)

It is a pay-per-use security service that allows the user to access the cloud
provider's security service.

The service provider combines its security services for the benefit of end
customers in SECaaS. It provides a wide range of security-related functions,
including authentication, virus and malware / spyware protection, intrusion
detection, and security event management.

Infrastructure and applications within a company or organization are often

protected by SECaaS service providers.

SECaaS services are provided by Cisco, McAfee or Panda etc.

Identity as a Service (IDaaS)

It is possible to leverage a third-party service provider's authentication

infrastructure on behalf of end customers, which is called Identity as a Service
(IDaaS).
A company or business is the most common end user of IDaaS. Any company may
effortlessly maintain its workers' identities with IDaaS services without incurring
any extra costs.
Services such as directory services and single sign-on are all included within
IDaaS in general, Integrated services, such as registration, authentication, risk and
event monitoring, identification and profile management.
Anything As A Service (XaaS)

The XAAS model extends the cloud service approach to various IT

resources and components. From DRaaS (Disaster Recovery as a Service)
to SECaaS (Security as a Service), XAAS offers a wide range of solutions
catered to diverse business needs.

XAAS extends the cloud service model to encompass many IT

services (e.g., DRaaS, SECaaS, etc.).

XAAS offerings cater to specific security, disaster recovery, and

analytics needs.

Choose from a variety of services to build a customized cloud

ecosystem.

● Access specialized services without the need for in-depth

expertise in every domain.
Cloud Management

Cloud Service management and provisioning including:

➔ Virtualization.
➔ Service provisioning.
➔ Call center.
➔ Operations management.
➔ Systems management.
➔ QoS management.
➔ Billing and accounting, asset management.
➔ SLA management.
➔ Technical support
➔ Security management and backups.
Cloud Management

Customer services such as:

➔ Customer assistance and on-line help.

➔ Subscriptions.
➔ Business intelligence.
➔ Reporting.
➔ Customer preferences.
➔ Personalization.

Integration services including:

➔ Data management.
➔ Development.
What is DevOps

A software development method that

stresses communication,collaboration
and integration between software
developers and information technology
(IT) professionals.”
DevOps Tools

DevOps is the philosophy of unifying Development and

Operations at the culture, practice,and tool levels, to achieve
accelerated and more frequent deployment of changes to
production.
Culture: behaviour,teamwork,responsibility/accountability, trust…
Practice: policy,roles,processes/procedures, metrics/reporting…
Tools: shared skills, toolmaking for each other, common
technology platforms...
DevOps Tools