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Big Data Notes With Diagrams

The document provides detailed exam notes on Big Data and Hadoop, covering topics such as Big Data analytics, the history and ecosystem of Hadoop, and its core components like HDFS and MapReduce. It includes diagrams illustrating key concepts, workflows, and architectures related to data ingestion, job scheduling, and various tools within the Hadoop ecosystem. Additionally, it discusses data analytics techniques using R and machine learning, including supervised and unsupervised learning, along with collaborative filtering.

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manveerjoc21
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25 views3 pages

Big Data Notes With Diagrams

The document provides detailed exam notes on Big Data and Hadoop, covering topics such as Big Data analytics, the history and ecosystem of Hadoop, and its core components like HDFS and MapReduce. It includes diagrams illustrating key concepts, workflows, and architectures related to data ingestion, job scheduling, and various tools within the Hadoop ecosystem. Additionally, it discusses data analytics techniques using R and machine learning, including supervised and unsupervised learning, along with collaborative filtering.

Uploaded by

manveerjoc21
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Detailed Exam Notes with Diagrams: Big Data and Hadoop

Unit I: Introduction to Big Data and Hadoop

1. Big Data Analytics:

- Big Data refers to datasets that are too large or complex to process using traditional methods.

- Diagram: A flowchart showing data collection, processing, analysis, and insight generation.

2. History of Hadoop:

- Hadoop was inspired by Google's MapReduce and GFS (Google File System).

- Diagram: A timeline of Hadoop's evolution with key milestones.

3. Hadoop Ecosystem:

- Comprises tools that work together to process and analyze Big Data.

- Diagram: Hadoop Ecosystem Overview - showing HDFS, MapReduce, Pig, Hive, Sqoop, Flume,

etc.

Unit II: HDFS (Hadoop Distributed File System)

1. HDFS Concepts:

- Distributed storage system designed to store very large datasets across multiple nodes.

- Diagram: HDFS Architecture - showing NameNode, DataNodes, and blocks.

2. Data Ingestion:

- Flume: Used for collecting, aggregating, and moving log data.

- Sqoop: Transfers data between HDFS and relational databases.

- Diagram: Flowchart showing data movement with Flume and Sqoop.

3. Hadoop I/O:
- Compression: Reduces data size to save storage.

- Serialization: Converts data into a format that can be stored or transmitted.

- Diagram: A pipeline representing data flow through compression and serialization stages.

Unit III: MapReduce

1. Anatomy of MapReduce Job:

- Splits input data into smaller chunks.

- Mapper processes chunks in parallel and generates key-value pairs.

- Diagram: MapReduce Workflow - showing split, map, shuffle, and reduce phases.

2. Shuffle and Sort:

- Organizes mapper outputs by key and distributes them to reducers.

- Diagram: Sorting and shuffling process visualized with intermediate outputs.

3. Job Scheduling:

- Ensures tasks are executed efficiently.

- Diagram: Scheduler distributing jobs to various nodes in a cluster.

Unit IV: Hadoop Ecosystem Tools

1. Pig:

- High-level scripting platform for data transformation and analysis.

- Diagram: Data flow in Pig showing ETL processes.

2. Hive:

- A data warehouse infrastructure on top of Hadoop.

- HiveQL allows querying data using an SQL-like syntax.

- Diagram: Hive Architecture - showing Hive Shell, Metastore, and HDFS.


3. HBase:

- A NoSQL database built on top of HDFS for real-time processing.

- Diagram: HBase Architecture - showing regions, Region Servers, and Master Node.

Unit V: Data Analytics with R and Machine Learning

1. Supervised Learning:

- Models are trained using labeled data (input-output pairs).

- Diagram: Flowchart showing training and testing of supervised learning models.

2. Unsupervised Learning:

- Works on unlabeled data to identify patterns and relationships.

- Diagram: Clustering example with visualized groups.

3. Collaborative Filtering:

- Used in recommender systems (e.g., Amazon, Netflix).

- Diagram: Collaborative filtering flow showing user-item interactions.

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