III.

Discussion/Content

Different Sports in The Philippines

INDIVIDUAL SPORTS
1. Badminton
-is a “racquet sport” played by either two opposing players or two opposing pairs, who
take position on opposite halves of a rectangular court that is divided by a net.

History
Games employing shuttlecocks have been played for centuries across Eurasian but the
modern game of badminton developed in the mid-19th century among the British as a
variant of the earlier game of badminton developed in the mid-19th century among the
British as a variant of the earlier game of battledore and shuttlecock (Battledore was an
older term for racquets) exact origin remains obscure. The name derives from the Duke
of Beaufort's Badminton House in Gloucestershire but why or when remains unclear. As
early as 1880, a London toy dealer named Isaac Spratt published a booklet titled
Badminton Battledore-A New Game but unfortunately no copy has survived.

2. Boxing
-also called as "pugilism, a combat sport in which two people engage in a contest using
only their fists.

History
The earliest known depiction of boxing comes from a Sumerian relief in Iraq from the 3rd
millennium BCE. Later depictions from the 2nd millennium BC are found in reliefs from the
Mesopotamian nations of Assyria and Babylonia, and in Hittite art from Asia Minor. The earliest
evidence for fist fighting with any kind of gloves can be found on Minoan Crete (1650-1400
BCE) and on Sardinia, if we consider the boxing statutes of Prama mountains (c. 2000-1000 BC)

3. Golf
-is a precision club and ball sport in which competing players use many types of clubs to hit the
balls into a series of holes on a golf course using the fewest number of stroke.
History

While the modern game of golf originated in 15th-century Scottland, the game's ancient origins are
unclear and much debated. Some historians trace the sport back to the Roman game of paganica, in
which participants used a bent stick to hit a stuffed leather ball. One theory asserts that peganica spread
throughout Europe as the Romans conquered most of the continent, during the first century BC, and
eventually evolved into the modern game. Others cite chuiwan ("chui" means striking and "wan" means
small ball) as the progenitor, a Chinese game played between the eighth and 14th centuries. A Ming
Dynasty scroll dating back to 1381 entitled "The Autumn Banquet shows a member of the Chinese
Imperial court swinging what appears to be a golf club at a small ball with the aim of sinking it into a
hole. The game is thought to have been introduced into Europe during the Middle Ages. Another early
game that resembled modern golf was was known as cambuca in England and and chambot in France.
The Persian-game chaugán is another possible ancient origin. In addition kolven(a game involving a ball
and curved bats) was played annually in Loenen, Netherlands, beginning in 1297, to commemorate the
capture of the assassin of Floris V, a year earlier.

4. Table Tennis (single)

also known as "ping-pong, is a sports in which two or four players hit a lightweight hollow ball back and
fourth using table tennis rackets.

History

The sport originated in Victorian England, where it was played among the upper-class as an after dinner-
parlour game. It has been suggested that makeshift versions of the game were developed by British
military officers in India in around 1860 or 1970s, who brought it back with them. A row of books stand
up along the center of the table as a net, two more books served as rackets and were used to
continuously hit a golf-ball.

5. Athletics

- is a sport that includes a number of events involving running, jumping, throwing or walking. Often
referred to as track & field, the sport includes single events, such as the 100m, marathon or long jump,
combined events, including the decathlon and heptathlon, or team-based events such as the 4x100m
relays.

History
There is little in the way of definitive records of athletics’ early days as organized sport. Egyptian and
Asian civilizations are known to have encouraged athletics many centuries before the Christian era. The
Olympic Games of Greece, traditionally dated from 776 BCE, continued through 11 centuries before
ending about 393 CE. These ancient Olympics were strictly male affairs, as to both participants and
spectators. Greek women were reputed to have formed their own Heraea Games, which, like the
Olympics, were held every four years. Athletics as practiced today was born and grew to maturity in
England. The first mention of the sport in England was recorded in 1154, when practice fields were first
established in London. The sport was banned by King Edward III in the 1300s but revived a century later
by Henry VIII, reputed to be an accomplished hammer thrower.

6. Weightlifting

-(often known as Olympic weightlifting) is a competitive strength sport in which athletes compete in
lifting a barbell loaded with weight plates from the ground to overhead, with the aim of successfully
lifting the heaviest weights. Athletes compete in two specific ways of lifting the barbell overhead.

History

The history of weightlifting can be traced back to antiquity, with forms of weightlifting featured in
ancient Greek and Egyptian cultures. However, the structured sport as we know it began in the late 19th
century in Europe. Olympic Weightlifting was one of the original sports in the first modern Olympic
Games held in Athens in 1896. Initially, the competition formats varied, with no standardization in terms
of weight classes or lifts.

Over the decades, the sport underwent significant transformations. The early 20th century saw the
establishment of weight classes and the standardization of lifts. In the mid-20th century — specifically
during the 1972 Munich Games — the history of Olympic Weightlifting saw a pivotal change with the
elimination of the press lift, leaving only the Snatch and Clean and Jerk as the recognized Olympic lifts.

7. Gymnastics

-is a type of sport that includes physical exercises requiring balance, strength, flexibility, agility,
coordination, artistry and endurance. The movements involved in gymnastics contribute to the
development of the arms, legs, shoulders, back, chest, and abdominal muscle groups. Gymnastics
evolved from exercises used by the ancient Greeks that included skills for mounting and dismounting a
horse, and from circus performance skills.

History
Gymnastics started as ancient civilizations doing strength and acrobatic exercises. The word gymnastics
comes from the Greek words “gymnos” and “gymnazo” meaning roughly to train, to exercise naked.

Johann Christoph Friedrich Gutsmuths, a German teacher and educator, is considered the great
grandfather of gymnastics. In 1793 he published a textbook which was later translated to English as
“Gymnastics for Youth: or a Practical Guide to Healthful and Amusing Exercises for the use of Schools.

In 1881 gymnastics became an “organized sport” when the Bureau of the European Gymnastics
Federation, which would later become the International Gymnastics Federation (FIG,) was formed. FIG is
the current international gymnastics governing body. Gymnastics was becoming more popular and was
included in the first “modern” Olympic Games in 1896. At this time, the gymnastics events were
different than they are today. In fact, they included some events that are currently part of Track and
Field. Some of the events competed were men’s horizontal bar, parallel bars, pommel horse, rings, vault,
high jumping, rope climbing and running. Track and Field events didn’t disappear from the sport of
gymnastics until 1954. Women weren’t allowed to compete at Olympic gymnastic events until the
1920s.

8. Chess

-Chess is a board game for two players. It is sometimes called international chess or Western chess to
distinguish it from related games such as xiangqi (Chinese chess) and shogi (Japanese chess). Chess is an
abstract strategy game that involves no hidden information and no elements of chance. It is played on a
chessboard with 64 squares arranged in an 8×8 grid. The players, referred to generically as "White" and
"Black", each control sixteen pieces: one king, one queen, two rooks, two bishops, two knights, and
eight pawns. White moves first, followed by Black; then moves alternate. The object of the game is to
checkmate (threaten with inescapable capture) the enemy king. There are also several ways a game can
end in a draw.

History

The recorded history of chess goes back at least to the emergence of a similar game, chaturanga, in
seventh-century India. After its introduction in Persia, it spread to the Arab world and then to Europe.
The modern rules of chess emerged in Europe at the end of the 15th century, with standardization and
universal acceptance by the end of the 19th century. Today, chess is one of the world's most popular
games, with millions of players worldwide.

Organized chess arose in the 19th century. Chess competition today is governed internationally by FIDE
(Fédération Internationale des Échecs; the International Chess Federation). The first universally
recognized World Chess Champion, Wilhelm Steinitz, claimed his title in 1886; Gukesh Dommaraju is the
current World Champion.
9. Taekwando

-Taekwondo comes from three Korean words, tae, "kick," kwon, "fist or punch," and do, "the art of."
That's a pretty good description of this dynamic martial art, which involves acrobatic kicks and graceful
punches. Like all martial arts, taekwondo isn't just combat — it's also an art and a discipline.

History

Taekwondo was introduced to the Philippines through the efforts of Kim Bok Man and Young Man Park.
Grand Master Kim Bok Man arrived in 1970 to continue Park's legacy of propagating Taekwondo upon
the invitation of President Marcos. Kim continued to pioneer Taekwondo worldwide and left the
Philippines in 1971. In 1975, Grand Master Hong Sung-chon came to the Philippines to promote
Taekwondo, eventually establishing the Philippine Taekwondo Association (PTA). The current central
headquarters of the PTA is at the Rizal Memorial Sports Complex. The PTA is a member of the Kukkiwon,
World Taekwondo Federation, Philippine Sports Commission, Philippine Olympic Committee and Asian
Taekwondo Union.

10. Arnis

-Arnis, also known as kali or eskrima/escrima, is the national martial art of the Philippines. These three
terms are, sometimes, interchangeable in referring to traditional martial arts of the Philippines ("Filipino
Martial Arts", or FMA), which emphasize weapon-based fighting with sticks, knives, bladed weapons,
and various improvised weapons, as well as "open hand" techniques without weapons

History

The origin of arnis can be traced back to native "Pintados" or then "Tintadus" fighting techniques during
conflicts among the various Prehispanic Filipino settlements, though the current form has Spanish
influence from old fencing which originated in Spain in the 15th century. It has other influences as well,
as settlers and traders travelling through the Malay Archipelago brought the influence of silat as well as
Chinese and Indian martial arts.[28][page needed][29][page needed] Some of the population still
practise localized Chinese fighting methods known as kuntaw.