QR Code Generation using python 2023-24

CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

QR codes (Quick Response codes) are two-dimensional barcodes that can store a variety of
data, including URLs, text, and other types of information. They have become widely used in
various applications such as marketing, authentication, and product tracking due to their fast
readability and large storage capacity.

Python, a versatile and powerful programming language, offers libraries that make it
straightforward to generate QR codes. One of the most popular libraries for this purpose is
qrcode. This library is easy to use and allows developers to create customized QR codes with
different colors, sizes, and error correction levels.

Key Features of QR Codes

 High Storage Capacity: QR codes can store significantly more data compared to
traditional barcodes.
 Fast Scanning: QR codes can be scanned quickly using smartphones and other devices
with camera capabilities.
 Error Correction: QR codes include error correction features that allow the data to be
recovered even if the code is partially damaged.
 Versatility: They can encode various types of data, such as numeric, alphanumeric,
byte/binary, and Kanji.
 Customizability: QR codes can be customized in terms of design and color to fit specific
branding requirements.

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1.1 OBJECTIVE

The primary objective of generating QR codes using Python is to provide a straightforward and efficient
way to encode and share information in a machine-readable format. This capability is useful in various
applications and industries. Here are the specific objectives:

 Simplify Data Sharing :Enable quick and easy sharing of information such as URLs, contact
details, and text through QR codes that can be scanned by smartphones and other devices.
 Enhance User Experience :Improve user convenience by providing a fast and reliable way to
access information without the need to manually type or search for it.
 Increase Efficiency in Marketing and Authentication :Facilitate marketing campaigns and
customer engagement by embedding QR codes in promotional materials, enabling instant
access to websites, apps, or special offers.
 Use QR codes for secure authentication processes, such as two-factor authentication or
identity verification.
 Support Inventory and Asset Management :Streamline inventory tracking and asset
management in businesses by using QR codes to label and track products, equipment, and
other assets.
 Enable Customization and Branding :Allow businesses and developers to create customized
QR codes that match their branding and design requirements, making them visually
appealing and consistent with their brand identity.
 Provide Educational and Practical Learning :Offer an educational resource for learning
Python programming by implementing a practical and widely applicable project.

Help students and developers understand the principles of data encoding, image processing, and error
correction through hands-on experience with QR code generation.
Promote Technological Adoption :Encourage the adoption of QR code technology in various fields,
including retail, healthcare, logistics, and event management, by demonstrating its ease of implementation
and versatility

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1.2Background Information

QR Codes: An Overview
QR (Quick Response) codes are a type of matrix barcode (or two-dimensional barcode) first designed in
1994 for the automotive industry in Japan. These codes have since become popular due to their fast
readability and large storage capacity. Unlike traditional barcodes that hold information horizontally, QR
codes can store information both horizontally and vertically, which allows them to hold more data.

Python Programming Language

Python is a high-level, interpreted programming language known for its simplicity and readability. It is
widely used in various fields, including web development, data analysis, artificial intelligence, and more.
Python's extensive libraries and community support make it a popular choice for developers,

1.3Scope and Limitations

1.3.1Scope

• Promotional Materials: Embed QR codes in flyers, posters, business cards, and brochures to
provide quick access to websites, special offers, or product information.
• Event Management: Use QR codes for ticketing, event check-ins, and sharing event details.
• Customer Engagement: Encourage customer interactions by providing QR codes for surveys,
feedback forms, and social media links.
• Learning Resources: Teachers can generate QR codes that link to online resources, assignments,
or educational videos, making it easy for students to access materials.
• Campus Navigation: Use QR codes to help students and visitors navigate through campus
buildings and facilities.
• Patient Information: Generate QR codes for patient identification, linking to their medical
records for quick access by healthcare professionals.
• Medication Management: Use QR codes on medication packaging to provide information about
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dosage, side effects, and usage instructions.

• Two-Factor Authentication (2FA): Implement QR codes for secure two-factor authentication
processes.
• Access Control: Use QR codes for secure access to buildings, rooms, or restricted areas.
• Shipment Tracking: Generate QR codes for packages to provide tracking information and
delivery status updates.

• Product Information: Attach QR codes to products in stores to provide detailed information,

reviews, and pricing.
• Mobile Payments: Facilitate mobile payment options by generating QR codes that link to
payment gateways.
• Contact Information: Create QR codes for sharing personal or professional contact details,
making it easy to exchange information.
• Wi-Fi Access: Generate QR codes that contain Wi-Fi network credentials for guests to quickly
connect to your network.
• Design Customization: The code can be extended to generate QR codes with custom colors,
logos, and designs to match specific branding requirements.
• Data Types: Beyond URLs, the code can be adapted to encode various data types such as plain
text, vCards , calendar events, and more.
• Automated Generation: Integrate the QR code generation process into larger applications or
workflows to automate the creation and distribution of QR codes.
• API Development: Develop APIs that generate QR codes on-the-fly for web or mobile
applications, providing dynamic content based on user interactions

1.3.2 Limitations

While the provided QR code generation code and its applications offer numerous benefits, there are certain limitations
and considerations to be aware of:
 Limited Storage: QR codes have a maximum data capacity. Depending on the type of data and the
error correction level, the amount of storable information can be limited. For example, a high error
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correction level (H) reduces the amount of storable data.

 Complexity and Size: As the amount of data increases, the QR code becomes more complex and
larger, which can affect its readability.
 Partial Damage: Although QR codes have error correction, extensive damage to the QR code can
make it unreadable. High levels of damage may exceed the correction capability.
 Overhead: Higher levels of error correction provide more robustness but also increase the size
and complexity of the QR code.
 Aesthetic Limits: While customization is possible, excessive alterations to the QR code's design
(such as adding logos or changing colors) can reduce its readability. The balance between
aesthetics and functionality must be carefully managed.
 Contrast Issues: QR codes rely on contrast between the foreground and background. Poor
contrast can make the QR code difficult to scan.
 Scanning Conditions: The readability of QR codes can be affected by environmental conditions
such as lighting, reflections, and surface texture. QR codes on glossy or reflective surfaces may
be harder to scan.
 Distance and Angle: The effectiveness of scanning can be influenced by the distance and angle
between the scanner and the QR code.
 Device Compatibility: Not all devices or applications may have the capability to scan QR codes.
While modern smartphones generally have this feature, older models or certain applications may
not support it.
 Software Limitations: The functionality and performance of the QR code generation depend on
the libraries used. Updates or changes in the qrcode or Pillow libraries might affect the code's
performance.
 Phishing and Malware: QR codes can be used maliciously to direct users to phishing sites or to
download malware. Users need to be cautious and verify the source of QR codes before
scanning.
 Data Privacy: Encoding sensitive or personal information in a QR code can pose privacy risks if
the QR code is shared or displayed publicly.
 Application Context: QR codes are not suitable for all contexts. For instance, they may not be
the best solution for encoding large amounts of data or for applications requiring high-security
measures.

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 User Awareness: Not all users are familiar with how to use QR codes. Educating users on how to
scan and interpret QR codes is essential for effective implementation.

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CHAPTER 2

METHODOLOGY

2.1Methods and Techniques

 Library Installation
To use the qrcode and Pillow libraries, you first need to install them using pip:
pip install qrcode[pil]
pip install pillow
 Importing Libraries
import qrcode from PIL import Image
qrcode: This library is specifically designed for generating QR codes.
PIL (Pillow): This is an image processing library used for handling the generated QR code
images.
 Version: Controls the size of the QR code. Higher values increase the size and data capacity.
error_correction: Sets the level of error correction (L, M, Q, H). Higher levels allow for more
damage resistance but reduce data capacity.
 Creating a QR Code Instance
A QRCode object is created with specific parameters:
box_size: Determines the pixel size of each box in the QR code.border: Sets the thickness of
the border around the QR code.
 Adding Data to the QR Code
The data is added to the QRCode object:
add_data: Encodes the specified data into the QR code.
make(fit=True): Adjusts the QR code size to fit the data.
 Generating the QR Code Image
The QR code is converted into an image:
make_image: Generates an image of the QR code. fill_color and back_color parameters allow
customization of the QR code's colors.

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2.2Tools, Software, and Materials

To implement the QR code generation code using Python, you'll need the following tools, software, and
materials:
 Python
Description: Python is a versatile programming language widely used for various applications,
including web development, data analysis, and automation.
Installation: Download and install Python from the official website (https://www.python.org/).
Ensure that the version is compatible with the libraries used (qrcode and Pillow).
 qrcode Library
Description: The qrcode library is used for generating QR codes in Python. It provides an easy-to-use
interface for creating and customizing QR codes.
Installation: Install the qrcode library using pip.
 Text Editor or Integrated Development Environment (IDE)
Description: A text editor or IDE is required for writing and editing the Python code. Popular options
include Visual Studio Code, PyCharm, and Atom.
Installation: Download and install the preferred text editor or IDE from their respective websites.
 Operating System
Description: The code can be run on any operating system that supports Python and the required
libraries. This includes Windows, macOS, and Linux distributions.
Installation: Ensure that Python and the required libraries are installed and configured correctly for
your operating system.
 QR Code Scanner (Optional)
Description: A QR code scanner is required to scan and decode the generated QR code. This can be a
smartphone app or a dedicated QR code scanner device.
Installation: Install a QR code scanner app from your device's app store or use a dedicated QR code
scanner device.

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2.3 Data Collection and Analysis Procedures

The QR code generation code does not involve traditional data collection or analysis procedures, as it
primarily focuses on encoding data into QR codes and generating the corresponding images. However, if you
are interested in analyzing the QR code usage or collecting data from scanned QR codes, you can implement
additional functionality to achieve these goals. Here's a general procedure for data collection and analysis in
the context of QR code generation and scanning:

Data Collection:
QR Code Usage Tracking: Implement tracking mechanisms to record each time a QR code is scanned. This
can be done by capturing the timestamp, location (if applicable), and unique identifier of the QR code.
User Interaction Data: If the QR code leads to a website or app, you can collect data on user interactions,
such as page views, time spent on page, and actions taken.
QR Code Content: Store the content encoded in each QR code (e.g., URLs, text, or other data) for analysis
purposes.
Error Correction Data: Collect data on error correction levels used in QR codes to analyze the trade-off
between data capacity and error resistance.

Data Analysis:
Frequency of Scans: Analyze the frequency of scans for each QR code to determine its popularity or
effectiveness.
Geographical Analysis: If location data is collected, analyze the geographical distribution of QR code scans
to identify areas of high engagement.
Content Analysis: Analyze the content of QR codes to understand user interests or preferences.
Error Analysis: Analyze the error correction data to determine the effectiveness of different error correction
levels in real-world scenarios.

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3.4 FLOW CHART

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3.4PROGRAM:

import qrcode

features = qrcode.QRCode(version=1, box_size=40, border=3)

features.add_data('https://youtu.be/kEOyhQd53ls?si=2KCBsLsrHLyXI-ag')
features.make(fit=True)
image = features.make_image(fill_color="black", back_color="white")
image.save('image.png')

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CHAPTER 3

RESULT
3.1 OUTPUT:
Here below image of the QR code for the link https://youtu.be/kEOyhQd53ls?
si=uTdACXq4c3mj3X0Z

 Back-End

 Web Server : Apache S

Fig:1 output of generated qrcode

Here below image of the QR code for the link

https://bgsit.ac.in/index_1.html

Fig:2 output of generated qrcode

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CONCLUSION

The provided Python program showcases a straightforward approach to generating QR codes

using the qrcode library. By specifying the data to encode and setting parameters like version,
error correction level, box size, and border, the program creates a QR code image. This QR
code can encode various types of data, such as URLs or text, making it versatile for different
applications. The program's simplicity and customization options make it accessible to users of
all levels. The generated QR code can be saved as an image file, suitable for use in marketing
materials, product labeling, and authentication processes. Overall, this program serves as a
practical and effective tool for working with QR codes in Python, offering a solid foundation
for further integration and development in diverse projects.

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