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Lecture 2 PRESENTATION EM 2023

The document is a lecture on the resultant of coplanar forces, covering concepts such as the law of parallelogram of forces, triangle law, and methods to calculate the resultant of various force systems. It includes examples and equations for determining the magnitude and direction of resultant forces in concurrent and non-concurrent systems. Additionally, it discusses the resolution of forces and the calculation of moments in force systems.

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2 views

Lecture 2 PRESENTATION EM 2023

The document is a lecture on the resultant of coplanar forces, covering concepts such as the law of parallelogram of forces, triangle law, and methods to calculate the resultant of various force systems. It includes examples and equations for determining the magnitude and direction of resultant forces in concurrent and non-concurrent systems. Additionally, it discusses the resolution of forces and the calculation of moments in force systems.

Uploaded by

ps
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Computational Engineering

Mechanics
Lecture 2
Resultant of Coplanar Forces

Prasad S Shirodkar
Assistant Professor, Mechanical Engineering Dept.,
Dwarkadas J. Sanghvi College of Engineering
ME (VJTI), MS (Michigan Tech. Univ.)
SYLLABUS OUTLINE
STATICS Dynamics
• Resultant of Coplanar Forces • Kinematics of Paricles
• Centroid • Kinematics of Rigid Bodies
• Equilibrium • Kinetics of Particles
• Connected Bodies • D’ Alembert’s Principle
• Beam Reactions • Work Energy Principle
• Friction • Impact Collisions – Impulse
Momentum
Resultant of Coplanar Forces
• When two (or more) forces, are lying in the same plane, and are
acting on a particle, then they can be replaced by a single equivalent
force, R, which has the same effect on the particle. This single force,
R, is known as the resultant of forces

Law of parallelogram of forces


• The vector addition of two forces is given as:
𝑅ത = 𝐹ഥ1 + 𝐹ത2
Magnitude and direction of Resultant Force (R and )
Resultant of Coplanar Forces
• The resultant, can also be found out by using triangle rule
• To find the resultant, construct only half of the parallelogram as
shown below

• By using sine rule:


𝐹1 𝐹2 𝑅
= =
𝑠𝑖𝑛 ∝ 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝛽 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝛾
Triangle law can also be used to find resultant of three or more forces
Two forces P and Q are applied as shown at point A of a hook support
Determine the magnitude and direction of their resultant
(i) Using law of Parallelogram of Forces when:
1)P = 15 N and Q = 25 N,
Two forces P and Q are applied as
shown at point A of a hook support
Verify the values using law of sines
when:
1)P = 15 N and Q = 25 N,
Two forces P and Q are applied as shown at point A of a hook support
Determine the magnitude and direction of their resultant
(i) Using law of Parallelogram of Forces when: P = 45 N and Q = 15 N,
Two forces P and Q are applied
as shown at point A of a hook
support Verify the values using law
of sines when: P = 45 N and Q =
15 N,
R = 56.6 N
A disabled automobile is pulled by means of ropes subjected to the two forces
as shown in figure. Determine the magnitude and direction of their resultant
algebraically
A disabled automobile is pulled by means of ropes subjected to the two forces
as shown in figure. Determine the magnitude and direction of their resultant
algebraically
α
Two forces are applied as shown in Figure, to a hook support. Using
trigonometry and knowing that the magnitude of P is 600 N, determine
(a) the required angle α if the resultant R of the two forces applied to the support
is to vertical,
(b) the corresponding magnitude of R. Angle α, is less than 90º
Type equation here.

𝑹𝒆𝒔𝒖𝒍𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒕, 𝑹 = 𝟗𝟎𝟎𝒔𝒊𝒏𝜶 + 𝟔𝟎𝟎 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝜶 − 𝟒𝟓 = 𝟏𝟑𝟗𝟏𝑵


Types of force system

Concurrent force
system
Non concurrent non
parallel force system

Parallel for system


Concurrent Force System
• All the forces are acting at same point in a same plane.
• These force vectors may or may not be in contact with each other.
• However, the line of action of all vectors must intersect at the same point
• To calculate the resultant of a concurrent force system
• Take the point of intersection of all forces as a origin
• Resolve all the forces along X and Y direction
• For e.g., for force F1: F1X = F1Cos(1)
• F1Y = F1Sin(1)
• Find σ 𝐹𝑋 and σ 𝐹𝑌 .
• Apply Sign convention for addition of forces
• For e.g., RHS +Ve,  +Ve
2 2
• Resultant, R = (σ 𝐹𝑋 ) +(σ 𝐹𝑌 )
−1 σ 𝐹𝑌 )
• Angle, 𝜃 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛 σ 𝐹𝑋 )
Five concurrent coplanar forces act on a body as shown in Figure. Find the
forces P and Q such that the resultant of the five forces is zero

50 N
40 N

60˚
30 N 20 ˚
Q

P
The striker of carom board laying on the board is being pulled by four players as
shown in the figure. The players are sitting exactly at the centre of the four sides.
Find the resultant forces in magnitude and direction. (May’08) (10 M)
Non-Concurrent Non-Parallel Force System
O1 F
• To calculate resultant of such force system,
first we need to understand moment.
d1
• A moment on a body tends to cause it to d2
turn.
• Moment is simply defined as product of O2
force, and perpendicular distance between Moment @ pt. O1 = F X d1
the line of action of force and point of Moment @ pt. O2 = F X d2
application of force Figure A
• Moment of Couple: Figure B F

• A couple is formed by two parallel forces


d
having equal magnitude and opposite
direction, and separated by a finite F
distance.
• The magnitude of couple is given as Figure B
• C=FXd
Non-Concurrent Non-Parallel Force System
• Resolution of force into equivalent: force – couple system at B
• M = Rxd, is the moment of the force system about any point, B

y
F1 F1Sinθ F2
• To calculate Resultant, resolve all the θ1
forces along X and Y direction F1Cosθ
• For e.g., F1: F1X = F1Cos(1), θ
F1Y = F1Sin(1) Y
O
• Find σ 𝐹𝑋 and σ 𝐹𝑌 .
x
• Apply Sign convention for addition of X
forces F3 F3
• For e.g., RHS +Ve,  +Ve R
2 2
• Resultant, R = ( 𝐹𝑋 ) +( 𝐹𝑌 )
σ σ
−1 σ 𝐹𝑌 )
• Angle, 𝜃 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛 σ 𝐹𝑋 )
• To find the X - intercept and Y - intercept of the resultant, R, calculate
moment of all forces about origin (σ 𝑀)
y
• Apply sign convention to calculated σ 𝑀
• e.g. clockwise positive F1 F1Sinθ F2
σ𝑀 σ𝑀
• Therefore, 𝑋 = σ 𝐹𝑌
and 𝑌 = σ 𝐹𝑋 F1Cosθ
θ1

θ
Y
O

x
X
F3 F3
R
Parallel Force System

• In case of a parallel force system, R


• Add all forces algebraically F1 F2 F3 F4
• Apply suitable sign convention
• For e.g., +ve and  -ve O
• Resultant, 𝑅 = ↓ +𝑣𝑒 σ 𝐹 = − 𝐹1 + 𝐹2 + 𝐹3 − 𝐹4
• Calculate, moment about O Xd
• Assume sign convention, e.g. clockwise +ve
σ 𝑀@𝑂
• The location of resultant from O, d= σ𝐹

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