absolute value

The distance of a number from zero; the positive value of a number.

acute angle
A positive angle measuring less than 90 degrees.

average
A number that represents the characteristics of a data set.

area
The number of square units that covers a shape or figure.

arc
A portion of the circumference of a circle.

base
The bottom of a plane figure or three-dimensional figure.

Bisect
To divide into two congruent parts.

Box and whisker plot

A type of data plot that displays the quartiles and range of a data set.

circle
The set of points in a plane that are a fixed distance from a given point, called the
center.

circumference
The distance around a circle.

common factor
A factor of two or more numbers.

cylinder
A three-dimensional figure having two parallel bases that are congruent circles.

Decimal number
The numbers in the base 10 number system, having one or more places to the right of a
decimal point.

diagonal
The line segment connecting two nonadjacent vertices in a polygon.

diameter
The line segment joining two points on a circle and passing through the center of the
circle.

data
Information that is gathered.

decimal number
The numbers in the base 10 number system, having one or more places to the right of a
decimal point.
equation
A mathematical statement that says that two expressions have the same value; any
number sentence with an =.

equilateral triangle
A triangle that has three equal sides.

error of measurement
The difference between an approximate measurement and the actual measure taken.

evaluate
To substitute number values into an expression.

exponent
A number that indicates the operation of repeated multiplication.

equivalent fractions
Fractions that reduce to the same number.

fraction
A number used to name a part of a group or a whole. The number below the bar is the
denominator, and the number above the bar is the numerator.

formula
A equation that states a rule or a fact.

factor
One of two or more expressions that are multiplied together to get a product.

factoring
To break a number into its factors.

graph
A type of drawing used to represent data.

greatest common factor (GCF)

The largest number that divides two or more numbers evenly.

horizontal
A line with zero slope.

hypotenuse
The side opposite the right angle in a right triangle.

improper fraction
A fraction with a numerator that is greater than the denominator.

inequality
A mathematical expression which shows that two quantities are not equal.

integers
The set of numbers containing zero, the natural numbers, and all the negatives of the
natural numbers.

irrational number
A number that cannot be expressed as the ratio of two integers.
isosceles triangle
A triangle with at least two equal sides.

infinity
A limitless quantity.

least common denominator

The smallest multiple of the denominators of two or more fractions.

line
A straight set of points that extends into infinity in both directions.

lowest terms
Simplest form; when the GCF of the numerator and the denominator of a fraction is 1.

least common multiple

The smallest nonzero number that is a multiple of two or more numbers.

mixed number
A number written as a whole number and a fraction.

multiple
A multiple of a number is the product of that number and any other whole number. Zero
is a multiple of every number.

mean
In a data set, the sum of all the data points, divided by the number of data points;
average.

midpoint
A point on a line segment that divides the segment into two congruent segments.

natural numbers
The counting numbers.

negative number
A real number that is less than zero.

number line
A line on which every point represents a real number.

numerator
The top part of a fraction.

obtuse angle
An angle whose measure is greater than 90 degrees.

octagon
A polygon with 8 sides.

odd number
A whole number that is not divisible by 2.

origin
The point (0, 0) on a coordinate plane, where the x-axis and the y-axis intersect.
opposites
Two numbers that lie the same distance from 0 on the number line but in opposite
directions.

outcome
In probability, a possible result of an experiment.

parallel
Two lines are parallel if they are in the same plane and never intersect.

pentagon
A five-sided polygon.

percent
A fraction, or ratio, in which the denominator is assumed to be 100. The symbol % is
used for percent.

perimeter
The sum of the lengths of the sides of a polygon.

polygon
A closed plane figure made up of several line segments that are joined together.

positive number
A real number greater than zero.

protractor
A device for measuring angles.

probability
For an experiment, the total number of successful events divided by the total number of
possible events.

Pythagorean Theorem
The theorem that relates the three sides of a right triangle:

quadrant
One of the quarters of the plane of the Cartesian coordinate system

quadrilateral
A polygon with 4 sides.

quotient
The answer to a division problem.

radius
The distance from the center to a point on a circle; the line segment from the center to a
point on a circle.

ratio
A pair of numbers that compares different types of units.

reciprocal
The number which, when multiplied times a particular fraction, gives a result of 1.
repeating decimal
A decimal in which the digits endlessly repeat a pattern.

rhombus
A parallelogram with four equal sides.

right angle
An angle whose measure is 90 degrees.

rotation
A transformation in which a figure is rotated through a given angle, about a point.

rectangle
A quadrilateral with four 90-degree angles.

Scale drawing
A drawing that is a reduction or enlargement of the original.

scientific notation
A method for writing extremely large or small numbers compactly in which the number is
shown as the product of two factors.

set
A well-defined group of objects.

simplifying
Reducing to lowest terms.

slope
The steepness of a line expressed as a ratio, using any two points on the line.

sphere
A three-dimensional figure with all points in space a fixed distance from a given point,
called the center.

square root
The square root of x is the number that, when multiplied by itself, gives the number, x.

statistics
The science of collecting, organizing, and analyzing data.

surface area
For a three-dimensional figure, the sum of the areas of all the faces.

translation
A transformation, or change in position, resulting from a slide with no turn.

transformation
A change in the position, shape, or size of a geometric figure.

trapezoid
A quadrilateral that has exactly two sides parallel.

triangle
A three-sided polygon.
unit price
Price per unit of measure.

variable
A letter used to represent a number value in an expression or an equation.

vertex
The point on an angle where the two sides intersect.

vertical angles
A pair of opposite angles that is formed by intersecting lines.

volume
A measurement of space, or capacity.

whole numbers
The set of numbers that includes zero and all of the natural numbers.

x-axis
The horizontal axis in a Cartesian coordinate plane.

x-intercept
The value of x at the point where a line or curve crosses the x-axis.

y-axis
The vertical axis in a Cartesian coordinate system.

y-intercept
The value of y at the point where a curve crosses the y-axis.

zero
The additive identity; the number that, when added to another number n, gives n.

zero property of multiplication

The product of zero and any number is zero.