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The document provides an overview of various computer components including the CPU, RAM, BIOS, and different types of ports and connectors. It explains the functions and characteristics of each component, such as the role of the CPU as the central processing unit and the importance of RAM for temporary data storage. Additionally, it covers the significance of the motherboard's power supply and the differences between PATA and SATA connections.

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Berwin Rhodge Monzales
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6 views

GROUP 3

The document provides an overview of various computer components including the CPU, RAM, BIOS, and different types of ports and connectors. It explains the functions and characteristics of each component, such as the role of the CPU as the central processing unit and the importance of RAM for temporary data storage. Additionally, it covers the significance of the motherboard's power supply and the differences between PATA and SATA connections.

Uploaded by

Berwin Rhodge Monzales
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Name:Berwin Rhodge B Monzales

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1. CPU (Central Processing Unit) chip

CPU is the electronic circuitry in a computer that executes instructions that


make up a program. It is also known as a central processor or the main
processor. The CPU executes the basic logic, arithmetic, controlling as well as
input/output (I/O) operations specified by the instructions in the desktop
programs.

2. RAM (Random Access Memory) slots

RAM is a kind of computer memory that can be read and written. It is mainly
used to save data and machine code. A RAM device permits data to be read
or written in nearly the same amount of time no matter where the data’s
physical location is in the memory. Compared to the direct-access storage
devices like hard drives, CD/DVD and magnetic tapes, RAM media is much
faster for data reading and writing.

3. Southbridge/northbridge

They are the two chips in the core logic chipset on the motherboard. Typically,
the southbridge implements the slower capabilities of the motherboard in a
northbridge/southbridge chipset computer architecture.

4. BIOS (Basic Input/Output System)

BIOS, also called system BIOS, PC BIOS or ROM BIOS, is firmware that is
used to perform hardware initialization during the booting process; and to
provide runtime services for operating system and programs. The BIOS
firmware is the first software to run when powered on; it is re-installed on a
PC’s system board.

5. I/O port

Input/output ports are the connections between the CPU and peripheral
devices on a motherboard. There are two complementary methods to perform
input and output processes: memory-mapped I/O (MMIO) and port-mapped
I/O (PMIO). Alternatively, you can use dedicated I/O processors, called
channels on mainframe computers, which execute their own instructions.

6. USB (Universal Serial Bus)

USB is an industry standard that creates specifications for connectors, cables


and protocols for connection; power supply (interfacing) and communication
among computers, computer peripherals as well as other desktops. There are
a great many USB hardware including several different connectors, of which
USB-C is the latest kind.

7. CPU slot

A CPU slot, also called a CPU socket or Processor socket, contains one or
more mechanical components that provide mechanical and electrical
connections between the PCB and a microprocessor (CPU). Therefore, you
can install a CPU on a motherboard without soldering.

8. PCI (Peripheral Component Interconnect) slot

Peripheral Component Interconnect is a local computer bus for connecting


hardware to a computer. It supports all the functions of a processor bus. PCI
is usually been called Conventional PCI to distinguish it from its successor
PCI Express (PCIe, PCI-e or PCI-E).

9. AGP (Accelerated Graphics Port) slot

AGP was designed as a high-speed point-to-point channel for connecting a


video card (graphics card) to a computer system. Primarily, it was used to
assist in the acceleration of 3D computer graphics.

10. ISA (Industry Standard Architecture) slot

ISA is the 16-bit internal bus of IMB PC/AT and similar computers that are
based on Intel 80286 and its immediate successors during the 1980s. It was
backward compatible with the 8-bit bus of the 8088-based IBM PC largely

11. Parallel port


A parallel port is a kind of interface for attaching peripherals on desktops. The
name of this kind of port is derived from the way the data is sent. That is, the
parallel ports send multiple bits of data at the same time. Serial interfaces, on
the contrary, send bits one data at once. To achieve parallel data transfer,
there are multiple data lines in the parallel port cables.

12. FDC (Floppy-Disk Controller)

FDC is a special-purpose chip and associated disk controller circuitry. It


controls and directs reading from and writing to a computer’s floppy disk
drive (FDD).

13. IDE (Integrated Drive Electronics) controller

The devices used for connecting IDE, Ethernet, FireWire, USB and other
systems can be called host adapter. So, the IDE controller refers to the host
adapter. A host adapter, also called a host controller or a host bus adapter
(HBA), connects a computer (acting as the host system) to other network and
storage devices.

14. CMOS (Complementary Metal-oxide-semiconductor) battery

CMOS battery, also called memory battery, clock battery or real-time clock
(RTC), is generally a CR2032 lithium coin cell. The lifespan of the CMOS
battery is estimated to be three years when the power supply unit (PSU) is
unplugged or switch off.

15. Power supply connector

A power supply provides the necessary electrical power to let the computer to
work. It takes standard 110-Volt AC (Alternative Current) power to DC (Direct
Current) power of 12 Volt, 5 Volt, 3.3 Volt, etc.

16. Mouse and keyboard ports

All computers have a keyboard port connected directly to the motherboard.


There are two types of connectors. The oldest one is a special DIN
(Deutsches Institut für Normung) connector while the newest one is the mini
DIN PS/2-style connector.
17. DIP (Dual In-line Package) switch

A DIP switch is a manual electric switch packaged with others in a standard


dual in-line package. The term may refer to an individual switch or the whole
unit. The DIP switch is designed to be used on a printed circuit board
(motherboard) together with other electronic motherboard components.

18. Jumper

A jumper is a short length of conductor that is used to close, open or bypass


part of an electronic circuit. Typically, jumpers are used to set up or configure
printed circuit boards like the motherboard.

19. Heat sink/heatsink (cooling system)

A heat sink is a passive heat exchanger that transfers the heat generated
by parts of motherboard into a fluid medium like liquid or air. The fluid
medium will dissipate away from the device. Thus, the temperature of the
device is kept within a tolerable range.

20. Clock generator

A clock generator is an electronic oscillator (circuit) that produces a clock


signal for usage in synchronizing a circuit’s operation. The clock signal ranges
between high and low frequencies, thus creating a metronome for the
coordination of actions.

RAM chip and RAM Slot


RAM is an acronym for
Random Access Memory.
It is also referred to as
the primary memory.
RAM (random
access memory) is a type
of temporary data
storage device found in
computers and other
electronic devices.
RAM chip and RAM Slot
RAM is an acronym for
Random Access Memory.
It is also referred to as
the primary memory.
RAM (random
access memory) is a type
of temporary data
storage device found in
computers and other
electronic devices.
RAM chip and RAM Slot
RAM is an acronym for
Random Access Memory.
It is also referred to as
the primary memory.
RAM (random
access memory) is a type
of temporary data
storage device found in
computers and other
electronic devices.
RAM chip and RAM Slot
RAM is an acronym for
Random Access Memory.
It is also referred to as
the primary memory.
RAM (random
access memory) is a type
of temporary data
storage device found in
computers and other
electronic devices.
21 Ram Chip and Ram slot

1) RAM chip and RAM Slot


RAM is an acronym for
Random Access Memory.
It is also referred to as
the primary memory.
RAM (random
access memory) is a type
of temporary data
storage device found in
computers and other
electronic devices.
RAM is an acronym for
Random Access Memory.
It is also referred to as
the primary memory.
RAM (random
access memory) is a type
of temporary data
storage device found in
computers and other
electronic devices.
RAM is an acronym for
Random Access Memory.
It is also referred to as
the primary memory.
RAM (random
access memory) is a type
of temporary data
storage device found in
computers and other
electronic devices.
RAM is an acronym for
Random Access Memory.
It is also referred to as
the primary memory.
RAM (random
access memory) is a type
of temporary data
storage device found in
computers and other
electronic devices.
RAM is an acronym for Random Access Memory. It is also referred to as
t h e primary memory. RAM (random access memory) is a type of temporary datastorage
device found in computers and other electronic devices

22) CPU Chip and Socket


CPU is an abbreviation for Central Processing Unit. Computers and
o t h e r electronic devices sometimes refer to the central processing unit (CPU) as
their "brain" because it handles all of the device's decision-making functions.

23) South bridge


The southbridge is an IC chip that manages and controls IO functionality on themotherboard. It
does not have direct communication with the CPU, unlike Northbridge.It typically handles low-
speed devices due to its slowercommunication speed

24)Northbridge
North Bridge is also known as Memory Controller Hub or Host Bridge. It is them o t h e r b o a r d ' s
primary controller, directing traffic to and from the CPU.

.
25) Power supply Plug
The primary function of the Motherboard's Power Supply plug is to supply power to the Motherboard
and its attached components and peripherals.
26) PATA AND SATA PORT AND CONNECTOR

PATA is an acronym that stands for Parallel Advanced Technology Attachment. Itis a ribbon cable with
40 pins that is used to connect mass storage devices such ashard disks (HDD or SSD) and optical
drives to a computer.

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