ME:5160 (58:160) Intermediate Mechanics of Fluids

Fall 2022 – HW5 Solution

P3.77 Water at 20°C flows steadily through a reducing pipe bend, as in Fig. P3.77.
Known conditions are p1  350 kPa, D1  25 cm, V1  2.2 m/s, p2  120 kPa, and D2  8
cm. Neglecting bend and water weight, estimate the total force which must be resisted by
the flange bolts.

Solution: First establish the mass flow and exit velocity:

  kg   m
m  1A1V1  998   (0.25)2 (2.2)  108  998   (0.08)2 V2 , or V2  21.5
4 s 4 s

The CV surrounds the bend and cuts through the flanges. The force balance is

 Fx  Fbolts  p1,gage A1  p2,gage A 2  m 2 u2  m1u1, where u2  V2 and u1  V1

 
or Fbolts  (350000  100000) (0.25)2  (120000  100000) (0.08)2  108(21.5  2.2)
4 4
 12271  101  2553  14900 N Ans.
P3.94 A water jet 3 inches in diameter strikes
3 in
a concrete (SG = 2.3) slab which rests freely on
V
a level floor. If the slab is 1 ft wide into the 36 in

paper, calculate the jet velocity which will 20 in

B 8 in
just begin to tip the slab over.
Fig. P3.94

Solution: For water let = 1.94 slug/ft3. Find the water force and then take moments
about the lower left corner of the slab, point B. A control volume around the water flow
yields

 Fx  Fon jet   m&out uout   m&in uin  m&out (0)   A V (V ) , F   AV 2

 MB
21.5 4 8
 (  AV 2 )(
ft)  Wslab ( ft), Wslab  (2.362.4)( ft)(3 ft)(1 ft)  287 lbf
12 12 12
 3 21.5 4 ft
Thus (1.94) ( ft)2 V 2 ( ft)  (287lbf )( ft) , solve for V jet  23.7 Ans.
4 12 12 12 s
P3.153 The 3-arm lawn sprinkler of Fig. P3.153 receives 20°C water through the
center at 2.7 m3/hr. If collar friction is neglected, what is the steady rotation rate in
rev/min for (a)   0°; (b)   40°?

Fig. P3.153

Solution: The velocity exiting each arm is

Q/3 2.7/[(3600)(3)] m
Vo    6.50
( /4)d 2
( /4)(0.007) 2
s

With negligible air drag and bearing friction, the steady rotation rate (Example 3.15) is

Vo cos (6.50) cos 0 rad rev

final  (a)   0:    43.3  414 Ans. (a)
R 0.15 m s min

rev
(b)        o cos  (414)cos 40  317 Ans. (b)
min
P3.154 Water at 20°C flows at 30 gal/min through the 0.75-in-diameter double pipe
bend of Fig. P3.154. The pressures are p1  30 lbf/in2 and p2  24 lbf/in2. Compute the
torque T at point B necessary to keep the pipe from rotating.

Fig. P3.154

Solution: This is similar to Example 3.13, of the text. The volume flow Q  30 gal/min 
0.0668 ft3/s, and   1.94 slug/ft3. Thus the mass flow Q  0.130 slug/s. The velocity in
the pipe is

0.0668 ft
V1  V2  Q/A   21.8
( /4)(0.75/12) 2
s

If we take torques about point B, then the distance “h1” from p. 143,  0, and h2  3 ft.
The final torque at point B, from “Ans. (a)” on p. 143 of the text, is

TB  h2(p2 A2  mV2 )  (3 ft)[(24 psi) (0.75 in)2  (0.130)(21.8)]  40 ft  lbf Ans.
4
P3.180 Water at 20C is pumped at 1500 gal/ min from the lower to the upper reservoir, as
in Fig. P3.180. Pipe friction losses are approximated by hf  27V 2 /(2g), where V is the
average velocity in the pipe. If the pump is 75 percent efficient, what horse-power is needed
to drive it?

Fig. P3.180

Solution: First evaluate the average velocity in the pipe and the friction head loss:

1500 ft 3 Q 3.34 ft (17.0)2

Q  3.34 , so V   17.0 and hf  27  121 ft
448.8 s A  (3/12) 2
s 2(32.2)
Then apply the steady flow energy equation:

p1 V12 p V2
  z1  2  2  z 2  h f  h p ,
 g 2g  g 2g
or: 0  0  50  0  0  150  121  h p

 Qh p (62.4)(3.34)(221)
Thus h p  221 ft, so Ppump  
 0.75

ft  lbf
 61600  112 hp Ans.
s
P3.183 The pump in Fig. P3.183 creates a 20C water jet oriented to travel a maxi-
mum horizontal distance. System friction head losses are 6.5 m. The jet may be
approximated by the trajectory of friction-less particles. What power must be delivered
by the pump?

Fig. P3.183

Solution: For maximum travel, the jet must exit at   45°, and the exit velocity must
be
[2(9.81)(25)]1/2 m
V2 sin   2g z max or: V2   31.32
sin 45 s

The steady flow energy equation for the piping system may then be evaluated:

p1/  V12 /2g  z1  p2 /  V22 /2g  z 2  h f  h p ,

or: 0  0  15  0  (31.32)2 /[2(9.81)]  2  6.5  h p , solve for h p  43.5 m

 
Then Ppump   Qh p  (9790)  (0.05)2 (31.32)  (43.5)  26200 W Ans.
4 