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Chapter 2

Chapter 2 provides detailed notes on inverse trigonometric functions, including their definitions, domains, ranges, and properties. It outlines the principal value branch, reciprocal relations, negative angle identities, addition formulas, and derivatives of these functions. The chapter serves as a comprehensive guide for understanding the fundamentals and applications of inverse trigonometric functions.

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7 views

Chapter 2

Chapter 2 provides detailed notes on inverse trigonometric functions, including their definitions, domains, ranges, and properties. It outlines the principal value branch, reciprocal relations, negative angle identities, addition formulas, and derivatives of these functions. The chapter serves as a comprehensive guide for understanding the fundamentals and applications of inverse trigonometric functions.

Uploaded by

ashim05birbhum
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Chapter 2: Inverse Trigonometric Functions (Detailed Notes)

1. Basics of Inverse Trigonometric Functions

 Inverse trigonometric functions are the inverse of trigonometric functions, defined in


a restricted domain to ensure they are one-to-one.

2. Domain and Range of Inverse Trigonometric Functions

Function Domain Range


sin⁡−1(x)\sin^{- [−π2,π2]\left[ -\frac{\pi}{2},
[−1,1][-1, 1][−1,1]
1}(x)sin−1(x) \frac{\pi}{2} \right][−2π,2π]
cos⁡−1(x)\cos^{-
[−1,1][-1, 1][−1,1] [0,π][0, \pi][0,π]
1}(x)cos−1(x)
tan⁡−1(x)\tan^{- (−π2,π2)\left( -\frac{\pi}{2},
(−∞,∞)(-\infty, \infty)(−∞,∞)
1}(x)tan−1(x) \frac{\pi}{2} \right)(−2π,2π)
cot⁡−1(x)\cot^{-
(−∞,∞)(-\infty, \infty)(−∞,∞) (0,π)(0, \pi)(0,π)
1}(x)cot−1(x)
sec⁡−1(x)\sec^{- (−∞,−1]∪[1,∞)(-\infty, -1] [0,π]−{π2}[0, \pi] -
1}(x)sec−1(x) \cup [1, \infty)(−∞,−1]∪[1,∞) \{\frac{\pi}{2}\}[0,π]−{2π}
[−π2,π2]−{0}\left[ -\frac{\pi}{2},
csc⁡−1(x)\csc^{- (−∞,−1]∪[1,∞)(-\infty, -1]
\frac{\pi}{2} \right] - \{0\}[−2π,2π
1}(x)csc−1(x) \cup [1, \infty)(−∞,−1]∪[1,∞)
]−{0}

3. Principal Value Branch

 The principal value of an inverse trigonometric function is the value within its defined
range.
Example: sin⁡−1(0.5)=π6\sin^{-1}(0.5) = \frac{\pi}{6}sin−1(0.5)=6π.

4. Properties of Inverse Trigonometric Functions

1. Reciprocal Relations:

sin⁡−1(x)+cos⁡−1(x)=π2\sin^{-1}(x) + \cos^{-1}(x) =
\frac{\pi}{2}sin−1(x)+cos−1(x)=2π tan⁡−1(x)+cot⁡−1(x)=π2\tan^{-1}(x) + \cot^{-
1}(x) = \frac{\pi}{2}tan−1(x)+cot−1(x)=2π sec⁡−1(x)+csc⁡−1(x)=π\sec^{-1}(x) +
\csc^{-1}(x) = \pisec−1(x)+csc−1(x)=π

2. Negative Angle Identities:


sin⁡−1(−x)=−sin⁡−1(x)\sin^{-1}(-x) = -\sin^{-1}(x)sin−1(−x)=−sin−1(x)
tan⁡−1(−x)=−tan⁡−1(x)\tan^{-1}(-x) = -\tan^{-1}(x)tan−1(−x)=−tan−1(x)
cos⁡−1(−x)=π−cos⁡−1(x)\cos^{-1}(-x) = \pi - \cos^{-1}(x)cos−1(−x)=π−cos−1(x)

3. Addition Formulas (For x,y>0x, y > 0x,y>0):

tan⁡−1(x)+tan⁡−1(y)=tan⁡−1(x+y1−xy)if xy<1\tan^{-1}(x) + \tan^{-1}(y) =


\tan^{-1} \left( \frac{x + y}{1 - xy} \right) \quad \text{if } xy <
1tan−1(x)+tan−1(y)=tan−1(1−xyx+y)if xy<1
tan⁡−1(x)−tan⁡−1(y)=tan⁡−1(x−y1+xy)\tan^{-1}(x) - \tan^{-1}(y) = \tan^{-1}
\left( \frac{x - y}{1 + xy} \right)tan−1(x)−tan−1(y)=tan−1(1+xyx−y)

5. Derivatives of Inverse Trigonometric Functions

Function Derivative
ddxsin⁡−1(x)\frac{d}{dx} \sin^{-1}(x)dxd
11−x2\frac{1}{\sqrt{1 - x^2}}1−x21, (
sin−1(x)
ddxcos⁡−1(x)\frac{d}{dx} \cos^{-
−11−x2-\frac{1}{\sqrt{1 - x^2}}−1−x21, (
1}(x)dxdcos−1(x)
ddxtan⁡−1(x)\frac{d}{dx} \tan^{- 11+x2\frac{1}{1 + x^2}1+x21, x∈Rx \in
1}(x)dxdtan−1(x) \mathbb{R}x∈R
ddxcot⁡−1(x)\frac{d}{dx} \cot^{- −11+x2-\frac{1}{1 + x^2}−1+x21, x∈Rx \in
1}(x)dxdcot−1(x) \mathbb{R}x∈R
ddxsec⁡−1(x)\frac{d}{dx} \sec^{-
( \frac{1}{
1}(x)dxdsec−1(x)
ddxcsc⁡−1(x)\frac{d}{dx} \csc^{-
( -\frac{1}{
1}(x)dxdcsc−1(x)

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