7.

Areas and Volumes (III)

7. Let r cm be the base radius of the cone.

7 Areas and Volumes (III) 1 r2(8)π = 96π
3
Concept Check r2 = 36
1. Correct r=6
2. Incorrect The base radius of the cone is 6 cm.
3. Correct
4. Incorrect Level 1
5. Incorrect 8. (a) Volume = 4 (1) π + 1 (10)π cm
3 2 3

Conventional Questions = 34 π cm3

3
(b) Total surface area = [4π(1) + 2(10)π]cm
2 2
Level 0
= 24π cm 2

1. Volume = 1 (10 )(12) cm

2 3

3
= 400 cm3
9. (a) Volume = 1 × 4 π(5) + 1 (5 )(17 – 5)π cm
3 2 3

2 3 3
Total surface area = 4 × 13 × 10 + 102 cm2
2 = 550π cm3
= 360 cm2 3
(b) Total surface area = 2(5) π + (5) 5 + (17 – 5) π cm
2 2 2 2

2. Curved surface area = π(6)( 8 + 6 ) cm

2 2 2
= 115π cm 2

= 60π cm2
Volume = 1 (62)(8)π cm3 10. Base area of the pyramid = 12 × 10 cm
2

3 2
= 96π cm3 = 60 cm2
Volume = 1 × 60 × 10 cm3
3
3. Total surface area = 4π(3) cm
2 2

= 200 cm3
= 36π cm2
Volume = 4 (33)π cm3 11. Let r cm be the radius of the hemisphere.
3
= 36π cm3 2r2π + r2π = 108π
r2 = 36
4. Curved surface area = π(10)(26) cm
2
r=6
= 260π cm 2
The radius of the hemisphere is 6 cm.
Height of the cone = 26 – 10 cm (Pyth. theorem)
2 2
Volume = 1 × 4 π(6)3 cm3
2 3
= 24 cm = 144π cm3
Volume = 1 (102)(24)π cm3
3
= 800π cm3 12. Let ra and rb be the radii of spheres A and B respectively.
Volume of sphere A = 4 πra3
3
5. Ratio of the areas = 4 : 8
2 2

Volume of sphere = 4 πra3(1 + 33.1%)

B
=1:4 3
Ratio of the volumes = 43 : 83 = 4 πra3(1.331)
3
=1:8
4 4
` πrb = πra (1.331)
3 3

3 3
6. Let r cm be the radius of the sphere. rb3 = ra3(1.331)
4 r3π = 288π rb3 = ra3(1.1)3
3 rb = 1.1ra
r3 = 216
Ratio of the diameters
r=6
= 2ra : 2rb
The radius of the sphere is 6 cm.
= ra : 1.1ra
= 1 : 1.1
Analysis
We can use a calculator to find the value of r:
SHIFT + 3
+ 216 + EXE

1
 Road to HKDSE — Junior Secondary Mathematics Exercises (New Syllabus Edition) S3 Solution Guide

13. Ratio of the corresponding lengths of the solids Total surface area = 62π + 82π + 7 320π cm2
= 25 : 81 2
. 510.8540778 cm2
= 5:9
< 520 cm2
Ratio of the volumes of the solids
The claim is disagreed.
= 53 : 93
= 125 : 729
16. (a) Total volume of the cylinders
= 2(52)(10)π cm3
14. (a) Ratio of the volumes of the spheres
= 500π cm3
= 33 : 53
Let h cm be the height of the cone.
= 27 : 125
1 (102)hπ = 500π
Volume of the larger sphere 3
= 5472π × 125 cm3 h = 15
125 + 27
The height of the cone is 15 cm.
= 4500π cm3
(b) Original total surface area = 2[2(5 )π + 10(10)π] cm
2 2

(b) Let r cm be the radius of the larger sphere.

= 300π cm2
4 πr3 = 4500π
3 New total surface area = 102π + (10) 102 + 152 π cm2
r3 = 3375
= (100 + 10 325)π cm2
r = 15
Percentage change = (100 + 10 325)π – 300π × 100%
The radius of the larger sphere is 15 cm. 300π
Surface area of the larger sphere = 4π(15)2 cm2 = –6.57% (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)
= 900π cm2
Sum of the total surface area of the spheres 17. (a) Area of sector OAB = 25 π × 100.8° cm
2 2

2 360°
= 900π + 900π × 32 cm2 = 175π cm2
5
= 1224π cm2 (b) Let r cm be the base radius of the cone.
r(25)π = 175π
Level 2 r=7
15. (a) Consider the figure below. The base radius of the cone is 7 cm.
Height of the cone = 252 – 72 cm (Pyth. theorem)
= 24 cm
Volume of the cone

h cm = 1 (72)(24)π cm3
3
= 392π cm3
(c) Consider the figure below.
7 cm
4 cm 6 cm

8 cm
The above two triangles are similar.
h = h + 4 (corr. sides, ~ s) s cm 24 cm
6 8
8h = 6h + 24
2h = 24 8 cm
h = 12
Since the triangles above are similar,
Volume of the frustum
7 = 24 (corr. sides, ~ s)
1 82(4 + 12)π – 1 62(12)π cm3
= s 8
3 3
π s= 7
= 592 cm 3
3
3
Wet surface area
(b) Area of the curved surface of the frustum 2
2 2 =π 7 7 + 82 cm2
= 8 82 + 162π × 8 –2 6 cm2 3 3
8 175 π 2
7 = cm
= π
320 cm 2
9
2

2
 7. Areas and Volumes (III)

18. (a) Volume of the container 20. Refer to the diagram below.
= 1 (6)2(12)π cm3 B
3
= 144π cm3
Volume of the water
3 C
= 144π × 6 3 cm3
12 A
= 18π cm3
The diagonal AB is also the diameter of the sphere. It is the
Let h cm be the height of water in Figure (b). largest cube within the sphere.
144π – 18π = 144π × (12 –3h)
3
Let d cm be the side length of the cube.
12
AC = d2 + d2 cm (Pyth. theorem)
(12 – h)3 = 1512
= 2d2 cm
12 – h . 11.4775871
AB = ( 2d2)2 + d2 cm = 2(6) cm (Pyth. thorem)
h . 0.522412903
h = 0.522 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.) 3d2 = 12
d2 = 48
The height of water is 0.522 cm which is more than 0.5 cm.
Total surface area of the cube
The claim is disagreed.
= 6d2 cm2
(b) Wet curved surface area of water in Figure (b)
2 2 = 6(48) cm2
= 6 6 + 12 π × 12 – (12 – 0.522412903)
2 2
cm2
122 = 288 cm2
= 21.5 cm2 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)
Analysis
Analysis We need to find the largest possible side length of the cube
The conical container and the water in the container are can be formed within the sphere. Try to relate the side
similar. Thus we can find the volume of the water from the length of the cube with the radius of the sphere.
volume of the container.

21. (a) Let r cm be the radius of Y. Then the base radius of Z is 2r cm.
19. (a) Consider the figure below. The height of each part is 3 cm. Consider the volume of the sphere Y.
18 cm 4 r3π = 288π
3
r3 = 216
3 cm
12 cm r=6
The radius of Y is 6 cm.
(b) Volume of X = 1 (6) (24)π cm
2 3
Total volume of the bottom 3 parts
3
3
= 1 (18)2(12)π × 9 3 cm3 = 288π cm3
3 12
= 546.75π cm3 Let h cm be the height of the cone Z.
Total volume of the bottom part Consider the volume of cone Z.
3 1 (12)2(h)π = 288π + 288π
= 1 (18)2(12)π × 3 3 cm3 3
3 12
= 20.25π cm3 h = 12
Total volume of the middle two parts The height of the cone Z is 12 cm.
= (546.75π – 20.25π) cm3 Base radius of X : base radius of Z = 1 : 2
= 526.5π cm 3 Height of X : height of Z = 24 : 12
(b) Curved surface area of the bottom 3 parts =2:1
2 The ratios are different. Thus, X and Z are not similar.
= (12)( 122 + 182)π × 9 2 cm2
12 The claim is disagreed.
= 27 468 π cm 2
(c) Total surface areas of X and Y
4
Curved surface area of the bottom part = [6( 62 + 242)π + 62π + 4(62)π] cm2
2 = (6 612 + 180)π cm2
= (12)( 122 + 182)π × 3 2 cm2
12 Total surface area of Z
3 468 π cm = [12( 122 + 122)π + 122π] cm2
2
=
4
Curved surface area of the middle two parts = (12 288 + 144)π cm2
> (6 612 + 180)π cm2
= 27 468 π – 3 468 π cm2
4 4 The claim is disagreed.
= 6 468 cm (or 36 13π cm2)
π 2

3
 Road to HKDSE — Junior Secondary Mathematics Exercises (New Syllabus Edition) S3 Solution Guide

Multiple-choice Questions 9. Consider the following figure.

Level 1
1. Let r cm be the radius of the hemisphere. h cm
2r2π + r2π = 75π
3r2π = 75π
6 cm
r2 = 25 12 cm
r=5
The radius of the hemisphere is 5 cm.
12 cm
The answer is A.
The above two triangles are similar.
h = h + 12 (corr. sides, ~ s)
2. Volume of the sphere 6 12
3
= 4 24 π cm3 h = 12
3 2 The volume of the frustum
= 2304π cm3 3 3

The answer is C. = 1 (12)2(12 + 12)π × 12 –3 6 cm3

3 12
= 1008π cm3
3. Slant height of the cone The answer is C.
= 112 + 602 cm (Pyth. theorem)
= 61 cm 10. Slant height of the cone = r
Curved surface area Let a be the base radius of the cone formed.
= (11)(61)π cm2 2aπ = 2rπ × θ
= 671π cm2 360°
The answer is A. a = rθ
360°
Height of the cone
4. The answer is C.
= r2 – a2 (Pyth. theorem)
r 2θ 2
5. Volume of the solid = r2 –
(360°)2
The answer is A.
= 1 (3)26π + 1 (3)212π cm3
3 3
= 54π cm3
11. The ratio of the heights of the 2 similar pyramids
The answer is B.
= 25 : 49
=5:7
6. Let θ be the angle of the sector formed.
The ratio of their volumes
Consider the arc length of the sector.
= 53 : 73
2(8)π = 2(20)π × θ = 125 : 343
360°
θ = 144° Volume of the smaller pyramid
The angle of the sector is 144°. = 686 × 125 cm3
343
The answer is D.
= 250 cm3
The answer is A.
7. Ratio of their volumes
= 63 : 83
12. Total volume of the balls
= 27 : 64
The answer is C. = 5 4 (2)3π cm3
3
= 160 π cm3
Level 2 3
160 π
8. The diameter of the largest sphere is the smallest side length of 3
Rise in water level = cm
the cuboid. 20 2π
` The diameter is 3 cm. 2
Largest possible volume = 0.533 cm (cor to 3 sig. fig.)
The answer is A.
= 4 3 3π cm3
3 2
= 9 π cm3
2
The answer is A.
4
 7. Areas and Volumes (III)

13. Let r and h be the original base radius and height of the cone (b) Let a cm be the base radius of C.
respectively. Consider the sum of the volumes of A and B.
New base radius = (1 + 15%)r = 1.15r 4 (40)3π + 256 000π = 1 a2 80 π
New height = (1 + 20%)h = 1.2h 3 21 3 7
2 048 000π = 80π a2
Original volume V = 1 r2hπ 21 21
3
1 a2 = 256 000
New volume = (1.15r)2(1.2h)π
3 a = 160
= 1.587 1 r2hπ The base radius of C is 160 cm.
3
Total surface area of C
= 1.587V
2
Percentage change of the volume = (160)2π + (160) 1602 + 80 π cm2
7
= 1.587V – V × 100%
V = 25 600 + 160 1 260 800 π cm2
49
= 58.7%
Total surface area of A
The answer is C.
= 4(40)2π cm2
= 6400π cm2
Cross-topics Challenge
Total surface area of B
1. Maximum absolute error = 0.1 cm 2
= (40)2π + (40) 402 + 160 π cm2
Upper limit of the volume of the cone 7
= 1 (7.1)2(6.1)π cm3 = 1600 + 40 104 000 π cm2
3 49
= 322 cm3 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.) From the above, C has the largest total surface area.
Lower limit of the volume of the cone
= 1 (6.9)2(5.9)π cm3 2. (a) Ratio of the radii of the two spheres = 1 : 4
3 Ratio of the volumes of the two spheres = 13 : 43
= 294 cm3 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)
= 1 : 64
` 294 cm3 ≤ V < 322 cm3
Volume of the smaller sphere
= 2340π × 1 cm3
2. (a) Ratio of the volumes 1 + 64
= 53 : 83 = 36π cm3
= 125 : 512 (b) Let r cm be the radius of the smaller sphere.
(b) Let r1 and r2 be the base radii of the two cones respectively 4 r3π = 36π
and h1 and h2 be their corresponding heights. 3
r1 : r2 = h1 : h2 r3 = 27
r=3
` r1 = r2
h1 h2 The radius of the smaller sphere is 3 cm. Then the radius of
Consider the new bases and the new heights. the larger sphere is 12 cm.
(1 + 20%)r1 = r1 and (1 – 20%)r2 = r2 Sum of the total surface areas
(1 + 20%)h1 h1 (1 – 20%)h2 h2 = [4(3)2π + 4(12)2π] cm2
` The ratios of the corresponding lengths of the two cones
= 612π cm2
are the same. They are still similar.
New ratio of the volumes
3. Ratio of the radii of the cones = 4 : 9
= [5(1 + 20%)]3 : [8(1 – 20%)]3
=2:3
= 216 : 262.144
3 3
Ratio of the volumes = 2 : 3
= 3375 : 4096
= 8 : 27
Volume of the smaller cone = 280π × 8 cm3
Common Exam Questions
8 + 27
1. (a) Let r cm be the radius of A. = 64π cm3
Base radius of B = r cm Difference of the volumes = [(280π – 64π) – 64π] cm3
Consider the volume of B. = 152π cm3
1 r2 160 π = 256 000 π The answer is C.
3 7 21
r2 = 1600
r = 40
The radius of A is 40 cm.

5
 Road to HKDSE — Junior Secondary Mathematics Exercises (New Syllabus Edition) S3 Solution Guide

4. Consider the vertical cross section of the pyramid.

60 cm

22 cm
Slant height of the pyramid
2
= 22 + 602 cm (Pyth. theorem)
2
= 61 cm
Total surface area = 222 + 4 22 × 61 cm2
2
= 3168 cm2
The answer is D.

5. Let r cm and h cm be the base radius and the height of the cone
respectively.
Then the base radius and the height of the cylinder are r cm and
3
7h cm respectively.
Consider the volume of the cone.
1 r2hπ = 336π
3
r2h = 1008

Volume of the cylinder = r (7h)π cm3

2

3
= 7r h π cm3
2

9
= 784π cm3
The answer is B.