Blood relations

Introduction to Blood relations

Blood relation is one of the most important topics of logical reasoning
and found its importance in almost every entrance exam. This topic tests
the analytical skills of the students and their solution approach. The
questions asked in this chapter depend upon ‘Relations’. You should
have a sound knowledge of the blood relation in order to solve the
questions.
To remember easily, the relation may be divided into two forms:

Relation of the paternal side

Father’s father Grandfather

Father’s mother Grandmother

Father’s brother Uncle

Father’s sister Aunt

Children of uncle Cousin

Wife of uncle Aunt

Children of aunt Cousin

Husband of aunt Uncle

Relation of the maternal side

Mother’s father Maternal Grandfather

Mother’s mother Maternal Grandmother

Mother’s brother Maternal Uncle

Mother’s sister Aunt

Children of maternal uncle Cousin

Wife of maternal uncle Maternal Aunt

Children of the maternal aunt Cousin

Husband of the maternal aunt Maternal Uncle

Others
Son’s wife Daughter-in-law
Daughter’s husband Son-in-law
Husband’s (or) wife’s father Father-in-law
Husband’s (or) wife’s mother Mother-in-law
Husband’s (or) wife’s brother Brother-in-law
Husband’s (or) wife’s sister Sister-in-law
Sister’s husband Brother-in-law
Brother’s (or) sister’s son Nephew
Brother’s (or) sister’s daughter Niece

Son’s wife Daughter-in-law

Daughter’s husband Son-in-law

Husband’s (or) wife’s father Father-in-law

Husband’s (or) wife’s mother Mother-in-law

Husband’s (or) wife’s brother Brother-in-law

Husband’s (or) wife’s sister Sister-in-law

Sister’s husband Brother-in-law

Brother’s (or) sister’s son Nephew

Brother’s (or) sister’s daughter Niece

Relations from one generation to other

Generation1:Grandfather, Grandmother, Maternal grandfather, Maternal
grandmother
Generation 2: Mother, Father, Uncle, Aunt, Maternal uncle, Maternal
aunt
Generation 3: Self, Sister, Sister-in-law, Brother, Brother-in-law
Generation 4: Son, Daughter, Nephew, Niece
Symbols
1. ‘+’ for male 2. ‘-’ for female 3. ‘’ for couples

Types of problem statements

Type 1: Statement based relationship questions

Problem 1:
Pointing to a lady on the stage, Sonali said, “She is the
sister of the son of the wife of my husband.” How is the
lady related to Sonali?
Solution:
My husband = Sonali’s husband
Wife of my husband = is me = Sonali
Son of the wife of my husband = My Son
Sister of the Son of the wife of my Husband = My Son’s
Sister = My daughter
So, the lady on the stage is Sonali’s daughter.

Problem 2:
Eeshas father was 34 years of age when she was born. Her
younger brother, Shashank, now that he is 13, is very proud
of the fact that he is as tall as her, even though he is
three years younger than her. Eeshas mother, who is shorter
than Eesha, was only 29 when Shashank was born. What is the
sum of the ages of Eeshas parents now? (asked in TCS)
92
76
66
89
Answer: a) 92
Solution:Let Eesha's present age be x.
Eesha's father's present age = x + 34
Shashank's age = 13
Eesha's present age = 13 + 3 = 16
Eesha's mother's present age = 29 + 13 = 42
Sum of the ages of Eeshas parents now = 42 + 16 + 34 = 92

Problem 3:
Pointing to a lady a man said, “Her husband is the only son
of my mother”. How is the lady related to the man?
Solution:
My mother’s only son = is me ( man)
Her husband = is me
So, the lady is Man’s wife.

Problem 4:
Pointing to Alex, Lita says, “I am the daughter of the only
son of his grandfather.” How Lita is related to Alex?
(Asked in Sapient)
Niece
Daughter
Sister
Cannot be determined
Answer: C) Sister
Solution:
Lita is the daughter of the only son of Alex’s grandfather.
Hence, it’s clear that Lita is the sister of Alex.

Problem 5:
Pointing to a man Manisha said, “He is the youngest son of
my father-in-law’s only son”. How is Manisha related to
this youngest son’s father?
Sister
Sister-in-law
Wife
Mother
Solution:
Manisha’s father in law’s only son = Manisha’s husband
The youngest son of my father-in-law’s only son is my
husband’s son = My son = Manisha’s son
So, Manisha is the wife of the youngest son’s father
Type 2: Puzzle type questions with a family relationship component

Problem 1:
A family consists of a husband and wife, their three sons
and two daughters, three wives of three sons. How many
females are in this family? (Wipro hiring 2018)
Solution:
Husband wife (female)
Three sons = S1 S2 S3 and two daughter = D1
D2
Son’s wives = W1 W2 W3
So, the total number of females = wife + D1 + D2 + W1 + W2
+ W3 = 6 females.

Directions for problem 2 to 6:

If a + b means, a is the daughter of b,
a - b means, a is the husband of b,
ab means, a is the brother of b.

Problem 2:
What does the relation pq - r show?
p is the son-in-law of r
p is the brother of r
r is the wife of p
None of these
Solution:
pq means p is the brother of q
q - r means, q is the husband of r i.e.
p is the brother-in-law of r or r is the sister-in-law of
p.
So the answer to this question is an option (d).

Problem 3:
If h+ij+kl+mn, then what is the present generation of h.
Assume that the oldest generation of this group is 1st
generation.
2nd (b) 3rd
(c) 1st (d) 4th
Solution:
Here symbol ‘+’ is for a generation change.
mn = m is the brother of n (1st generation)
l+m = l is the daughter of m (2nd generation)
kl = k is the brother of l
j+k = j is the daughter of k (3rd generation)
ij = i is the brother of j
h+i = h is the daughter of i (4th generation)
Hence, present generation of ‘h’ = 4th generation i.e.
option (d)
Problem 4:
Which of the following options does not hold?
a+bc
a-bc
a+b+c
a+b-c
Solution:
a+bc, here ‘b’ is the brother of ‘c’ i.e ‘b’ is a male and
‘a’ is the daughter of ‘b’.
This option is correct.
a-bc, here ‘b’ is the brother of ‘c’ i.e ‘b’ is a male and
‘a’ is the husband of ‘b’
This option can not hold. ‘a’ can’t be the husband of ‘b’,
because ‘b’ comes out a male.

Problem 5:
From the statement abcd, which of the following statements
is not necessarily true?
‘b’ is the brother of ‘a’
‘c’ is the brother of ‘a’
‘d’ is the brother of ‘c’
a,b,c are male
Solution:
abcd, here ‘c’ is the brother of ‘d’, ‘b’ is the brother of
‘c’ and ‘a’ is the brother of ‘b’
So, here a,b,c are males.
Option (c) ‘d’ is the brother of ‘c’ is not necessarily
true because we don’t know whether ‘d’ is male or not.

Problem 6:
From the statement p-q+rs, how is ‘q’ related to ‘s’?
Niece
Sister
Daughter
Brother
Solution:
rs = ‘r’ is the brother of ‘s’ ( ‘r’ is male)
q+r = ‘q’ is the daughter of ‘r’(‘q’ is a female)
p-q = ‘p’ is the husband of ‘q’
So from the above conclusion, ‘q’ is the niece of ‘s’ i.e.
option (a) is the correct answer.

Directions for questions 7 to 8.

a*b means ‘a’ is the brother of ‘b’
a@b means ‘a’ is the daughter of ‘b’
a$b means ‘a’ is the sister of ‘b’
Problem 7:
Which of the following show the relationship ‘p’ is the
paternal uncle of ‘c’?
n $ o @ p
n @ o $ p
All of the above
None of these
Solution:
n $ o @ p
o @ p = ‘o’ is the daughter of ‘p’ and n $ o = ‘n’ is the
sister of ‘o’
So, here ‘p’ is either the father or the mother of ‘n’.

n @ o $ p
o $ p = ‘o’ is the sister of ‘p’ and n @ o = ‘n’ is the
daughter of ‘o’
So, ‘p’ is either uncle or aunt of ‘n’ because the gender
of p can not be determined.
Hence, the answer will be an option (d).

Problem 8:
a$b$c@d@e*f*g, then how many males and females are there
respectively?
4,3
3,4
5,2
Can’t be determined
Solution:
f*g = ‘f’ is the brother of ‘g’ ( i.e. ‘f’ is a male)
e*f = ‘e’ is the brother of ‘f’ ( i.e. ‘e’ is a male)
d@e = ‘d’ is the daughter of ‘e’ (i.e. ‘d’ is a female)
c@d = ‘c’ is the daughter of ‘d’ (i.e. ‘c’ is a female)
b$c = ‘b’ is the sister of ‘c’ (i.e. ‘b’ is a female)
a$b = ‘a’ is the sister of ‘b’ (i.e. ‘a’ is a female)
Here we can not find the gender of ‘g’.
Here 4 women and 2 men but we can't find the gender of one
person.
So, the answer is can’t be determined, option(d)

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