GOVT MODEL BOYS HSS , CHALAKKUDY

Mathematics Lab Revision Questions

March 2025

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Usha Chakyar
 GOVT MODEL BOYS HSS , CHALAKKUDY Plus One

Lab 1 - Value of functions

1. Follow the directions given below and construct a GeoGebra applet.

Draw the graph of the function f(x) = x (Give the input : f(x)=sqrt(x))
Create a slider a
Plot the points A = (a, 0), B = (a,f(a)) and C = (0,f(a))
Draw the line segments AB and BC
Create input boxes for f and a.
Result

2. Using above applet find the values

(i) 2.3 (ii) 3.4 (iii) 4 .5

(i) 2.3

Procedure:
Function f(x) = x
Edit the value of a to 2.3
Then y coordinate of B is the value of 2.3

Observations

Result
2.3  1.52

(i) 3.4

Procedure:
Function f(x) = x
Edit the value of a to 3.4
Then y coordinate of B is the value of 3 .4

Observations

Usha Chakyar
 GOVT MODEL BOYS HSS , CHALAKKUDY Plus One
Result
3.4  1.84

(i) 4.5
Procedure:
Function f(x) = x
Edit the value of a to 4.5
Then y coordinate of B is the value of 4.5
Observations

Result
4.5  2.12

3. Change the value of the slider to - 2. Observe the points B and C.

What is written against these points in the `Algebra View'. What is the reason for this ?
Observations
B = (?,?)
C = (?,?)
When we change the value of a into -2 , f(x) =  2 Co-ordinates of B and C is not defined , because square root of a
negative number does not exists within the system of real numbers

4. Using above applet answer the following questions

(i) Write the method of finding an approximate value of 41.4 and find its value.
1
(ii) Write the method of finding an approximate value of 3 3 and find its value.
(iii) Write the method of finding an approximate value of sin(1.3) and find its value.

(i) Write the method of finding an approximate value of 41.4 and find its value.
Procedure:
Change the function f(x) = x1.4
Edit the value of a to 4
1.4
Then y coordinate of B is the value of 4

Observations

Result
41.4 = 6.96

Usha Chakyar
 GOVT MODEL BOYS HSS , CHALAKKUDY Plus One

1
(ii) Write the method of finding an approximate value of 33 and find its value.
Procedure:
1
Change the function f(x) = x 3
Edit the value of a to 3
Then y coordinate of B is the value of 313

Observations

Result
33
1
= 1.44

(iii) Write the method of finding an approximate value of sin(2.4) and find its value.

Procedure:
Change the function f(x) = sinx
Edit the value of a to 2.4
Then y coordinate of B is the value of sin(2.4)

Observations

Result
sin(2.4) = 0.68

(5)Use the applet Q1 (Function Machine) (←click here)to answer the following questions
Find (i) sin(2.5) (ii) cos(2.5) (iii) tan(2.5)

(i) sin(2.5)
Procedure:
Change the function f(x) = sinx
Edit the value of x to 2.5
Observations

Usha Chakyar
 GOVT MODEL BOYS HSS , CHALAKKUDY Plus One

Result
sin(2.5) = 0.59

(ii) cos(2.5)
Procedure:
Change the function f(x) = cosx
Edit the value of x to 2.5

Result
cos(2.5) = - 0.8

(iii) tan(2.5)
Procedure:
Change the function f(x) = tanx
Edit the value of x to 2.5

Result
tan(2.5) = - 0.75
1
6. Set the function as (input 1/(x^2-4)).
x2  4
Change the value of x to 2 and start the machine. Observe that the blinking light turns red.
(a) Write the reason.
(b) Write another value of x for which the light blinks in red.

(a) When the value of x = 2 , light blinks red .

1 1
When x = 2, f(x) = = ie: function is undefined at x = 2
4-4 0
(b) When x = - 2

Usha Chakyar
 GOVT MODEL BOYS HSS , CHALAKKUDY Plus one

Lab 2 : Shifting of Graphs

1. Follow the directions given below and construct a GeoGebra applet.
Draw the graph of the function f(x) = x2
Create two sliders a and b with Min = -5, Max = 5 and increment 0.01
Draw the graph of the function g(x) using the input command
g(x) = f(x+a)+b
Observation

Result
g(x) = (x+a)2+b

2.(a) Fix the values of a and b at `0' so that the graph of g(x) coincides with the graph of f(x). Increase the value of a
from 0 to 2. What happens to the graph of g(x) ?
(b) Fix the values of a and b at '0'. Increase the value of b from 0 to 2. What happens to the graph of g(x) ?

2(a)
Procedure:
Edit the values of a and b at `0' so that the graph of g(x) coincides with the graph of f(x). Increase the value of a from
0 to 2.

Observations

Result
The graph of the function 'g 'moves horizontally along x axis to the left.When 'a ' becmes 2 the graph is shifted left by
2 units.
The function becomes g(x) = (x+2)2
Domain of f = Real numbers Range of f = [0, ∞]
Domain of g = Real numbers Range of g = [0, ∞]

2(b)
Procedure:
Edit the values of a and b at '0'. Increase the value of b from 0 to 2.

Observations

Usha Chakyar
 GOVT MODEL BOYS HSS , CHALAKKUDY Plus one
Result
The graph of the function 'g 'moves vertically upwards.When ' b ' becmes 2 the graph is shifted upwards by 2 units
along y axis .
The function becomes g(x) = x2+ 2
Domain of f = Real numbers Range of f = [0, ∞)
Domain of g = Real numbers Range of g = [2, ∞)

3. Find and write the values of a and b so that the graph of g(x) coincides with the graph of the following function.
Also write the method of finding a and b
(a) x2 + 6x + 7 (b) x2 - 4x + 1 (c) x2 + 2x + 4

3(a)
Procedure
In the above activity
Input h(x) = x2 + 6x + 7
Change the sliders a and b so that the graph of g(x) coincides with the graph of the function h(x) = x2 + 6x + 7

Observations
a = 3 ,b = -2

Result
g(x) = (x+3)2 - 2

3(b)
Procedure
Input h(x) = x2 - 4x + 1
Change the sliders a and b so that the graph of g(x) coincides with the graph of the function h(x) = x2 - 4x + 1

Observations
a = -2 ,b = -3

Result
g(x) = (x-2)2 - 3

3(c)
Procedure
Input h(x) = x2 + 2x + 4
Change the sliders a and b so that the graph of g(x) coincides with the graph of the function h(x) = x2 + 2x + 4

Observations
a=1,b=3

Result
g(x) = (x+1)2 +3

4. In each question you have to find and write the values of a and b so that the function g(x) satises the given
conditions.
(a) Range of the function g is [2,∞). Write the function g(x).
(b) Range of the function g is [-4,∞). Write the function g(x).
(c) Range of the function g is [3,∞). Write the function g(x).

Usha Chakyar
 GOVT MODEL BOYS HSS , CHALAKKUDY Plus one
4(a)
Procedure
Adjust the slider a and b sothat the range of the function g is [2,∞)

Observations

a = any real number , b=2

Result
g(x) = (x+a)2 + 2

4(b)
Procedure
Adjust the slider a and b sothat the range of the function g is [-4,∞)

Observations

a = any real number , b=-4

Result
g(x) = (x+a)2 – 4

4(c)
Procedure
Adjust the slider a and b sothat the range of the function g is [3,∞)

Observations

a = any real number , b=3

Result
g(x) = (x+a)2 + 3

Usha Chakyar
 GOVT MODEL BOYS HSS , CHALAKKUDY Plus one
Using input box change the definition of the function f(x) to x
5.Find and write the values of a and b so that the domain and range of g(x) is as given as follows.
(i) Domain: [-2,∞) , Range : [3,∞)
(ii) Domain: [3,∞) , Range : [4 ,∞)

(i) Domain: [-2,∞) , Range : [3,∞)

Procedure:
Change input box of the function f(x) to x
Edit the sliders a and b sothat Domain becomes [-2,∞) and Range = [3,∞)

Observation

Result
a=2,b=3

(ii) Domain: [3,∞) , Range : [4 ,∞)

Procedure:
Edit the sliders a and b sothat Domain becomes [3,∞) and Range = [4,∞)

5. Open a new GeoGebra window and draw the graph of the function
f(x) = x2 -6x + 11.
If the graph of a function g(x) is the reflection of the graph of f(x) on the x axis, select the suitable input from the
following and draw its graph.
(a) f(x + 2) (b) f(x) + 2 (c) -f(x) (d) f(-x)

Procedure
Draw the graph of the function f(x) = x2 - 6x + 11.
Input - f(x) which is reflection of f(x) about x-axis
Observation

Result
- f(x) is reflection of f(x) about x-axis

Usha Chakyar
 GOVT MODEL BOYS HSS , CHALAKKUDY Plus One

Lab 3-Domain and Range

1. Draw the graph of the given function and find its domain and range.

i) 2x2 - 8x + 5 ii) 2x2 + 8x + 10 iii) 2x2 - 12x + 16

i) 2x2 - 8x + 5
Procedure :
Input: 2x^2-8x+5

Observations

Result:
Domain : R
Range: [-3 , ∞ )

ii) 2x2 + 8x + 10
Procedure :
Input: 2x^2+8x+10

Observations

Result:
Domain : R
Range: [2 , ∞ )

iii) 2x2 - 12x + 16

Procedure :
Input: 2x^2-12x+16
Observations

Usha Chakyar
 GOVT MODEL BOYS HSS , CHALAKKUDY Plus One
Result:
Domain : R
Range: [-2 , ∞ )

2. Draw the graph of the given function and find its domain and range.

i) 2x - 2[x] ii) 3x – 3[x] iii) 4x – 4[x]

i) 2x – 2[x]

Procedure:
Input : 2x – 2 floor(x)

Observations

Result:
Domain : R
Range: [0 , 2 ]

ii) 3x – 3[x]

Procedure:
Input : 3x – 3floor(x)

Observations

Result:
Domain : R
Range: [0 , 3 ]

iii) 4x – 4[x]

Procedure:
Input : 4x – 4floor(x)

Usha Chakyar
 GOVT MODEL BOYS HSS , CHALAKKUDY Plus One
Observations

Result:
Domain : R
Range: [0 , 4 ]

3. Draw the graph of the given function and find its domain and range.

i)
x 2 - 16 ii) x 2 - 25 iii) x2 - 4

(i)
x 2 - 16
Procedure:
Input : sqrt(x^2-16)

Observations

Result:
Domain : R - [-4 , 4]
Range: [0 , ∞ )

(ii) x 2 - 25
Procedure:
Input : sqrt(x^2-25)

Observations

Usha Chakyar
 GOVT MODEL BOYS HSS , CHALAKKUDY Plus One
Result:
Domain : R - [-5 , 5]
Range: [0 , ∞ )

(iii)
x2 - 4
Procedure:
Input : sqrt(x^2-4)

Observations

Result:
Domain : R - [-2 , 2]
Range: [0 , ∞ )

4. Identify the function from its graph given below and draw the graph of the function.

i)

Result:

ìï x 2 + 2 if x£0
f ( x) = í
ïî êé x úù if x>0

ii)

Result:

ìï x 2 - 1 if x£0
f ( x) = í
îï éê x ùú if x>0
Usha Chakyar
 GOVT MODEL BOYS HSS , CHALAKKUDY Plus One
Some Graphs

Function Input Domain Range Graph

x x R R

x2 x^2 R [0,∞)

x3 x^3 R R

x sqrt(x) [0,∞) R

|x| abs(x) R [0 , ∞ )

Signum Function sign(x) R { -1 , 0 , 1 }

Floor function floor(x) R Z

x 

Ceil funtion ceil(x) R Z

x 
Reciprocal
1/x R-{ 0 } R-{ 0 }
function

x2 - 4 sqrt(x^2-4) R-[-2,2] [0,∞)

4 - x2 sqrt(4-x^2) [-2,2] [0,2)

Usha Chakyar
GOVT MODEL BOYS HSS , CHALAKKUDY Plus One

x2 + 4 sqrt(x^2+4) R [2,∞)

|x| |x+1| |x-1| |x|+1 |x|-1

|x+1|+1 |x+1|-1 |x-1|+1 |x-1|-1 -|x|

Usha Chakyar
 GOVT MODEL BOYS HSS , CHALAKKUDY Plus One

Lab 4 - Trigonometric Functions

1. Follow the directions given below and construct a GeoGebra applet.

Plot the point O = (0, 0)
Draw the unit circle centred at the origin O
Plot the point A = (1, 0)
Create a number slider a with Min=0, Max=2π and increment 0.1
Using the input command P=Rotate(A , a , O) plot the point P on the
circle.
Join O and P using line segment.
Create an input box for the slider a

2. Write the method of finding the following value, using this applet. Also find the value.
(i) cos(4.3) (ii) cos(3.5) (iii) cos(5.6)

(i) cos(4.3)
Procedure
Edit a = 4.3
x coordinate of P is cos (4.3)
Result
cos(4.3) = - 0.4

(ii) cos(3.5)
Procedure
Edit a = 3.5
x coordinate of P is cos (3.5)
Result
cos(3.5) = - 0.94

(iii) cos(5.6)
Procedure
Edit a=5.6
x coordinate of P is cos (5.6)
Result
cos(5.6) = 0.78

3. Find the value of the following.(Minimum value of the slider a is 0. Answer the question
without editing the slider.) Write the method of finding the value.
(i) sin(-5.2) (ii) sin(-3.7) (iii) sin(-4.8)

(i) sin(-5.2)
Procedure
sin(-5.2) = - sin(5.2)
Edit a = 5.2
y coordinate of P is sin(5.2)
Result
sin(-5.2) = - sin(5.2) = 0.88

(ii) sin(-3.7)
Procedure
sin(-3.7) = - sin(3.7)
Edit a = 3.7
Usha Chakyar
 GOVT MODEL BOYS HSS , CHALAKKUDY Plus One
y coordinate of P is sin(3.7)
Result
sin(-3.7) = - sin(3.7) = 0.53

(iii) sin(-4.8)
Procedure
sin(-4.8) = - sin(4.8)
Edit a = 4.8
y coordinate of P is sin(4.8)
Result
sin(-4.8)= - sin(4.8) = 1

4. Write the method of finding the following value, using this applet. Also find the value.
(i) sec(3.6) (ii) tan(5.8) (iii) cosec(4.7)

(i) sec(3.6)
Procedure
Edit a = 3.6
Input 1/x(P) gives sec(3.6)
Result
sec(3.6) = - 1.12

(ii) tan(5.8)
Procedure
Edit a=5.8
Input y(P)/x(P) gives tan(5.8)
Result
tan(5.8) = - 0.52

(iii) cosec(4.7)
Procedure
Edit a=4.7
Input 1/y(P) gives cosec(4.7)
Result
cosec(4.7) = - 1

Hint:
Trigonometric
command
function
sinx y(P)
cosx x(P)

tanx
y ( P)
x(P )
1
cosecx
y ( P)
1
secx
x (P)
x(P )
cotx
y ( P)

Usha Chakyar
 GOVT MODEL BOYS HSS , CHALAKKUDY Plus one

Lab 10 - Circle and Parabola

1. Draw the circle by giving the equation in the input bar and find its center and radius.
2 2 2 2 2 2
(i) x + y - 6x - 4y - 3 = 0 (ii) x + y + 6x + 6y + 9 = 0 (iii) x + y - 4x - 2y - 4 = 0

2 2
(i) x + y - 6x - 4y - 3 = 0
Procedure
2 2
Input x + y - 6x - 4y - 3 = 0 which gives the circle on geogebra.
2 2
Input : center(x + y - 6x - 4y - 3 = 0)
2 2
Input : Radius(x + y - 6x - 4y - 3 = 0)

Observations

Result
center : (3, 2)
Radius = 4

2 2
(ii) x + y + 6x + 6y + 9 = 0
Procedure
2 2
Input x + y + 6x + 6y + 9 = 0 which gives the circle on geogebra.
2 2
Input : center(x + y + 6x + 6y + 9 = 0)
2 2
Input : Radius(x + y + 6x + 6y + 9 = 0)

Observations

Result
center : ( -3, -3)
Radius = 3

2 2
(iii) x + y - 4x - 2y - 4 = 0
Procedure
2 2
Input x + y - 4x - 2y - 4 = 0 which gives the circle on geogebra.
2 2
Input : center(x + y - 4x - 2y - 4 = 0)
2 2
Input : Radius(x + y - 4x - 2y - 4 = 0)
Observations

Usha Chakyar
 GOVT MODEL BOYS HSS , CHALAKKUDY Plus one
Result
center : ( 2, 1)
Radius = 3

2. Construct the circle passing through the points A and B and center lies on the given line.
Write the center and radius
(i) A(-1,6), B(3,-2), center on the line x - 2y + 3 = 0
(ii) A(0,0), B(9,3), center on the line 3x + y = 15
(iii) A(2,3), B(-1,1), center on the line x -3 y = 11

(i) A(-1,6), B(3,-2), center on the line x - 2y + 3 = 0

Procedure:
Plot the points A=(-1,6) and B = (3,-2)
Draw the line segment AB
Draw perpendicular bisector.of line segment AB
Draw the given line x - 2y + 3 = 0
Plot the point of intersection of given line with the perpendicular bisector.
Draw the circle centered at above point of iintersection and passing through A or B

Observations

Result
2 2
Equation of circle :(x-1) +(y-2) =20
center : (1,2)
Radius = 4.47

(ii) A(0,0), B(9,3), center on the line 3x + y = 15

Procedure:
Edit A=(0,0)
Edit B=(9,3)
Line : 3x + y -15=0

Observations

Result
2 2
Equation of circle :(x – 4.5) +(y – 1.5) = 22.5
center : (4.5,1.5)
Radius = 4.74
Usha Chakyar
 GOVT MODEL BOYS HSS , CHALAKKUDY Plus one
(iii) A(2,3), B(-1,1), center on the line x - 3 y = 11
Procedure:
Edit A=(2,3
Edit B=(-1,1)
Line : x - 3 y -11=0

Observations

Result
2 2
Equation of circle :(x – 3.5) +(y+ 2.5) = 32.5
center : (3.5,-2.5)
Radius = 5.7

3. Using the given input command draw the corresponding parabola.

(i) Parabola[(3,0),x=-3]
(ii) Parabola[(2,0),x=-2]
(iii) Parabola[(4,0),x=-4]

a) Write the Focus, Directrix and equation of the parabola

b) Using a similar command, draw the parabola given below.

2 2 2
(i) x = -8y (ii) x = -12y (iii) x = -16y

(i) Parabola[(3,0),x=-3]
Procedure
Input Parabola[(3,0),x=-3]

Observations

Result
Focus : (3,0)
Directrix : x= -3
Equation of parabola y2 = 12x

(ii) Parabola[(2,0),x=-2]
Procedure
Input Parabola[(2,0),x=-2]

Usha Chakyar
 GOVT MODEL BOYS HSS , CHALAKKUDY Plus one
Observations

Result
Focus : (2,0)
Directrix : x= -2
Equation of parabola y2 = 8x

(iii) Parabola[(4,0),x=-4]
Procedure
Input Parabola[(4,0),x=-4]

Observations

Result
Focus : (4,0)
Directrix : x= - 4
Equation of parabola y2 = 16x

3(b)
2
(i) x = -8y
Procedure
Focus :(0,-2)
Directrix : y = 2
Input Parabola [(0,-2),y=2]

Result

2
(ii) x = -12y
Procedure
Focus :(0,-3)

Usha Chakyar
 GOVT MODEL BOYS HSS , CHALAKKUDY Plus one
Directrix :: y = 3
Input Parabola [(0,-3),y=3]

Result

2
(iii) x = -16y
Procedure
Focus :(0,-4)
Directrix : y = 4
Input Parabola [(0,-4),y=4]

Result

Hint

Length of
Equation of
Equation Graph Focus Latus
Directrix
Rectum

y2=4ax (a,0) x = -a 4a

4a
y2=-4ax (-a,0) x=a

x2=4ay (0,a) y = -a 4a

4a
x2=-4ay (0,-a) y=a

Usha Chakyar
 GOVT MODEL BOYS HSS , CHALAKKUDY Plus One

Lab 11- Ellipse and Hyperbola

1. Using the s command draw the ellipse, write its equation and find length of the latus rectum
geometrically.
Input : Ellipse((a,0),(-a,0),(p,q))gives the ellipse with foci (±a , 0) and passing through the point
(p,q).
i) Foci ( ±4 , 0 ) , length of major axis 10
ii) Foci ( ±3 , 0 ) , length of minor axis 8
iii) Foci (±0 , 4 ), length of major axis 10

i) Foci ( ±4 , 0 ) , length of major axis 10

Procedure
Length of major axis = 10
length of semi major axis = 5
Focus = ( -4,0)and (4,0) and Point on the ellipse = (5 , 0)
Input Ellipse[(-4,0),(4,0),(5,0)]
Input Focus (c)
Draw a line perpendicular to one focus
Find intersecting points of the perpendicular linewith the ellipse
Draw a line segment through thiese points
Find the length of this line segment from algebraic view

Observation

Result
Length of latus rectum = 3.6

ii) Foci ( ±3 , 0 ) , length of minor axis 8

Procedure
Length of major axis = 8
length of semi major axis = 4
Focus = ( -3,0)and (3,0) and Point on the ellipse = (4 , 0)
Input Ellipse[(-3,0),(3,0),(4,0)]
Input Focus (c)
Draw a line perpendicular to one focus
Find intersecting points of the perpendicular linewith the ellipse
Draw a line segment through thiese points
Find the length of this line segment from algebraic view

Usha Chakyar
 GOVT MODEL BOYS HSS , CHALAKKUDY Plus One

Observation

Result
Length of latus rectum = 3.5

iii) Foci (±0 , 4 ), length of major axis 10

Procedure
Length of major axis = 10
length of semi major axis = 5
Focus = (0, -4)and (0,4) and Point on the ellipse = (0 , 5)
Input Ellipse[(0 , -4),(0 , 4) ,(0,5)]
Input Focus (c)
Draw a line perpendicular to one focus
Find intersecting points of the perpendicular linewith the ellipse
Draw a line segment through thiese points
Find the length of this line segment from algebraic view

Observation

Result
Length of latus rectum = 3.6

2. Answer the questions

Input command hint: the command Hyperbola((a,0),(-a,0),(p,q))gives the hyperbola with foci
(±a, 0) and passing through the point (p, q).
Using the this command draw the hyperbola and write its equation
i) Foci ( ±3 , 0), length of major axis 10
ii) Foci ( 0 , ±4), length of transverse axis 6
iii) Foci ( ±4 , 0), length of transverse axis 6

i) Foci (±3 , 0), length of transverse axis 4

Procedure
Length of transverse axis 4
length of semi transverse axis 2
Usha Chakyar
 GOVT MODEL BOYS HSS , CHALAKKUDY Plus One
Focus = (3, 0)and (-3,0) and Point on the ellipse = (2,0)
Input Hyperbola[(3 ,0),(-3,0) ,(2,0)]

Observation

Result
Equation of hyperbola -5x2 + 4y2 = - 20

ii) Foci ( 0 , ±4), length of transverse axis 6

Procedure
Length of transverse axis= 6
length of semi transverse axis = 3
Focus = (0, -4)and (0,4) and Point on the ellipse = (0 , 3)
Input Ellipse[(0 , -4),(0 , 4) ,(0,3)]

Observation

Result
Equation of hyperbola 9x2 – 7y2 = - 63

iii) Foci ( ±4 , 0), length of transverse axis 6

Procedure
Length of transverse axis 6
length of semi transverse axis 3
Focus = (4, 0)and (-4,0) and Point on the ellipse = (3,0)
Input Hyperbola[(4 ,0),(-4,0) ,(3,0)]

Observation

Usha Chakyar
 GOVT MODEL BOYS HSS , CHALAKKUDY Plus One

Result
Equation of hyperbola -7x2 + 9y2 = - 63

3. Answer the questions

Input command hint: the command Hyperbola((c,0),(-c,0),a)gives the hyperbola with foci ( ±c, 0)
and length of transverse axis 2a
Using the this command draw the hyperbola
x2 y 2 2 2
ii) x - y = 1
2 2
i) - =1 iii) x - y = 1
25 11 16 9 36 13

2 2
(i) x - y = 1
25 11
Procedure
a2=25 b2=11
Length of transverse axis = 2a =10
c = a2 + b2
c = 25 + 11 = 6
focus = (-6 , 0) and ( 6 , 0) a=5
Input : Hyperbola((6,0),(-6,0),5)

Observation & Result

2 2
(ii) x - y = 1
16 9
Procedure
a2=16 b2=9
Length of transverse axis = 2a =8

c = a 2 + b2
c = 16 + 9 = 5

focus = (-5 , 0) and (5 , 0) a=4

Input : Hyperbola((5,0),(-5,0),4)

Usha Chakyar
 GOVT MODEL BOYS HSS , CHALAKKUDY Plus One
Observation & Result

x2 y 2
(iii) - =1
36 13

Procedure
a2=36 b2=13
Length of transverse axis = 2a =12
c = a2 + b2
c = 36 + 13 = 7
focus = (-7 , 0) and ( 7 , 0) , a=6
Input : Hyperbola((7,0),(-7,0),6)

Observation & Result

Usha Chakyar
 GOVT MODEL BOYS HSS , CHALAKKUDY Plus one

Lab 13 - Limits
1. Consider the following input command
(i) f(x)=if(x<2,x^2,x-1)
(ii) f(x)=if(x<2,2x^2-5,2x)
(iii) f(x)=if(x<2,2-x^2,3x-3)
(a) Using above input draw the graph of the function f(x).
(b) Observe the graph, write the left limit and right limit of the function at x = 2.
Discuss the existence of the limit of the function at x = 2.

(i) f(x)=if(x<2,x^2,x-1)

Procedure
Input f(x)=if(x<2,x^2,x-1)

Observations

Left limit = lim f ( x )  4

x 2 lim f ( x)  lim f ( x)
x2 x2

Right limit = xlim f ( x)  1

 2

Result
Therefore limit doesnot exists at x = 2

(ii) f(x)=if(x<2,2x^2-5,2x)

Procedure
Input f(x)=if(x<2,2x^2-5,2x)

Observations

Left limit = lim f ( x ) = 3

x ® 2+
lim f ( x)  lim f ( x)
x  2 x  2
Right limit = lim f ( x) = 4
x ® 2-

Result
Therefore limit doesnot exists at x = 2

Usha Chakyar
 GOVT MODEL BOYS HSS , CHALAKKUDY Plus one
(iii) f(x)=if(x<2,2-x^2,3x-3)
Procedure
Input f(x)=if(x<2,2-x^2,3x-3)

Observations

Left limit = lim f ( x)  2

x 2
lim f ( x)  lim f ( x)
x 2 x 2
Right limit = lim f ( x)  3
x 2

Result
Therefore limit doesnot exists at x = 2

2. Open a new GeoGebra window and create a slider 'a ' with increment 0.1 Consider only one of the following input
command
(i) f(x)=if(x<2,ax^2,x)
(ii) f(x)=if(x<2,a(x^2-2),2x)
(iii) f(x)=if(x<2,a(1-x^2),2x-6)

(a) Using above input draw the graph of the function f(x) and write the function. (You can see the definition of the
function in the algebra view).

(b) Change the slider so that the limit of the function f(x) exist at x = 2. Write the value of the slider a and the limit at
x=2

(i) f(x)=if(x<2,ax^2,x)
Procedure
Create a slider a with increment 0.1
Input f(x)=if(x<2,ax^2,x)

Observations

Left limit = lim f ( x) = 4

x ® 2+
lim f ( x)  lim f ( x)
x  2 x  2
f ( x) = 2
Right limit = xlim
®2 -

Therefore limit doesnot exists at x = 2

Change the slider a = 0.5 then the limit of the function exists

Result
lim f ( x )  2 when a = 0.5
x2

Usha Chakyar
 GOVT MODEL BOYS HSS , CHALAKKUDY Plus one
(ii) f(x)=if(x<2,a(x^2-2),2x)
Procedure
Create a slider a with increment 0.1
Input f(x)=if(x<2,a(x^2-2),2x)

Observations

Left limit = lim f ( x )  2

x2
lim f ( x) ¹ lim f ( x)
x ® 2- x ® 2+
Right limit = xlim f ( x) = 4
® 2+

Therefore limit doesnot exists at x = 2

Change the slider a = 2 then the limit of the function exists

Result
lim f ( x)  4 when a = 2
x 2

(ii) f(x)=if(x<2,a(1-x^2),2x-6)

Procedure
Create a slider a with increment 0.1
Input f(x)=if(x<2,a(1-x^2),2x-6)

Observations

Left limit = lim f ( x)  3

x  2
lim f ( x)  lim f ( x)
x 2  x 2
Right limit = lim f ( x)  2
x2

Therefore limit doesnot exists at x = 2

Change the the value of the slider sothat the limit of the function exists.

Result
The limit doesnot exists at x = 2

3. In the above applet edit the function as follows.(Double click on the graph and change the definition).
(i) f(x)=if(x<2,x^2-2,2x+a)
(ii) f(x)=if(x<2,2x^2-5,3x+a)
Usha Chakyar
 GOVT MODEL BOYS HSS , CHALAKKUDY Plus one
(iii) f(x)=if(x<2,3-x^2,2x+a)

(a) Set the value of the slider as 1. Observe the graph, write the left limit and right limit of the function at x = 2.

(b) Change the slider so that the limit of the function f(x) exist at x = 2. Write the value of the slider a and the limit at
x=2

(i) f(x)=if(x<2,x^2-2,2x+a)
Procedure
Create a slider a =1 with increment 0.1
Input f(x)=if(x<2,x^2-2,2x+a)

Observations

Left limit = lim f ( x )  2

x2 lim f ( x)  lim f ( x)
x 2 x2

Right limit = xlim f ( x)  5


2

Therefore limit doesnot exists at x = 2

Change the slider a = -2 then the limit of the function exists

Result
lim f ( x )  2
x 2 when a = - 2

(ii) f(x)=if(x<2,2x^2-5,3x+a)
Procedure
Create a slider a=1 with increment 0.1
Input f(x)=if(x<2,2x^2-5,3x+a)

Observations

Left limit = lim f ( x)  3

x2
lim f ( x)  lim f ( x)
x2 x  2
lim f ( x)  7
Righ limit = x  2

Therefore limit doesnot exists at x = 2

Usha Chakyar
 GOVT MODEL BOYS HSS , CHALAKKUDY Plus one
Change the slider a = - 3 then the limit of the function exists

Result
lim f ( x )  3 when a = - 3
x2

(iii) f(x)=if(x<2,3-x^2,2x+a)
Procedure
Create a slider a=1 with increment 0.1
Input f(x)=if(x<2,3-x^2,2x+a)

Observations

Left limit = lim f ( x)  1

x 2 
lim f ( x)  lim f ( x)
x  2 x  2
Right limit = lim f ( x)  5
x 2

Therefore limit doesnot exists at x = 2

Change the slider a = - 5 then the limit of the function exists

Result
lim f ( x )  1 when a = - 5
x 2

4. Construct an applet as follows.

Construct two sliders a and b with increment 0.1

Change the marking on the x axis in terms of


2
Using the input if(x<pi/2,a*sin(x),(2/pi)x+b) draw the graph of the function f(x).
Answer the following questions

(a) Find the values of the sliders a and b so that the left limit of the function at is - 2 and the right limit is 1.
Draw a rough sketch of the graph of the function in your answer sheet. 2

(b) Find the values of the sliders a and b so that the limit of the function a is 3.
2

(a)

lim f ( x )  1 lim f ( x )  2
when a = - 2 and b = 0 x

x

2 2

(b) Change the slider a=3 and b=2 sothat the limit of the function exists and lim f ( x)  3

x
2
Usha Chakyar
 GOVT MODEL BOYS HSS , CHALAKKUDY Plus Two

Lab 18 – Functions
1. Draw the graph of the function f : R → R and say whether it is one to one or on to.
Write the reason.
(i) f(x) = 2x2 - 3x + 4 (ii) f(x) = 3x3 - 3x + 2 (iii) f(x) = 2x3 + x + 1

(i) f(x) = 2x2 - 3x + 4

Procedure
Input:2x ^2- 3x + 4

Observation

Result
The function is not one one , since horizontal line meets the graph more than one point

(ii) f(x) = 3x3 - 3x + 2

Procedure
Input:3x ^3- 3x + 2

Observation

Result
The function is not one one , since horizontal line meets the graph more than one point

(iii) f(x) = 2x3 + x + 1

Procedure
Input:2x ^3+x + 1

Observation

Usha Chakyar
 GOVT MODEL BOYS HSS , CHALAKKUDY Plus Two
Result
The function is one one , since horizontal line meets the graph at no more than one point

2. Draw the graph of the function f : R → R.

(i) f(x) = 1 - 4x - 2x2 (ii) f(x) = 2 + 4x – x2 (iii) f(x) = 1 + 6x - 3x2

(a) Observe the graph and find its range.

(b) Redefine the domain and codomain of the function to make it a bijection.
(c) Draw the graph of the function in the restricted domain.

(i) f(x) = 1 - 4x - 2x2

Procedure
Input : 1- 4x- 2x ^2

Observation

Redefine Domain as [-1,∞) and codomain as (- ∞ , 3] to make the function bijection.

Input : if(x>=-1,f) to draw the graph in the restricted domain.

Result
(a)Range of the given function : (- ∞ , 3]
(b) When the Domain is [-1,∞) and codomain is (- ∞ , 3] the function is bijective
(c)

(ii) f(x) = 2+ 4x - x2
Procedure
Input : 2+ 4x - x ^2

Observation

Redefine the Domain as [2,∞) and codomain as (- ∞ , 6] to make the function bijection

Usha Chakyar
 GOVT MODEL BOYS HSS , CHALAKKUDY Plus Two
Input : if(x>=2 , f) draw the graph in the restricted domain.

Result
(a)Range of the given function : (- ∞ , 6]
(b)When Domain is [2,∞) and codomain is (- ∞ , 6] the function is bijective
(c)

(iii) f(x) = 1 + 6x – 3x2

Procedure
Input: 1 + 6x - 3x ^2

Observation

Redefine Domain as [1,∞) and codomain as (- ∞ , 4] to make the function bijection.

Input : if(x>=1,f) draw the graph in the restricted domain.

Result
(a)Range of the given function : (- ∞ , 4]
(b)When the Domain is [1,∞) and codomain is (- ∞ , 4] the function is bijective
(c)

3. Consider the functions

(i) 2sec(2x) (ii) 3cosec(2x) (iii) 2cosec(2x)
Open a GeoGebra window and make an initial setting as follows.
Right click on the Graphics view→Graphics→ x axis →Distance →Enter pi/4
(a) Draw the graph of above function, observe the graph and find its range.
(b) Redefine the domain and codomain of the function to make it a bijection.
(c) Draw the graph of the function in the restricted domain.

(i) 2sec(2x)

Usha Chakyar
 GOVT MODEL BOYS HSS , CHALAKKUDY Plus Two
Procedure
Input : 2sec(2x)

Observation

p
Redefine Domain as [0, 4 ] and codomain as [2,∞) to make the function bijection.
p
Input : if(0<=x<= 4 ,f) draw the graph in the restricted domain.

Result
(a)Range of the given function : [2,∞)
(b)When the Domain is [0, p ] and codomain is [2,∞) to make the function is bijective
4
(c)

(ii) 3cosec(2x)

Procedure
Input : 3cosec(2x)

Observation

p
Redefine Domain as [0, 4
] and codomain as [3,∞) to make the function bijection.
p
Input : if(0<=x<= 4
, f) draw the graph in the restricted domain.

Result
(a)Range of the given function : [3,∞)
p
(b)When Domain is [0, 4 ] and codomain is [3,∞) to make the function is bijective.

Usha Chakyar
 GOVT MODEL BOYS HSS , CHALAKKUDY Plus Two

(c)

(iii) 2cosec(2x)
Procedure
Input:2cosec(2x)

Observation

Redefine Domain as [0, p ] and codomain as [2,∞) to make the function bijection.
4
p
Input : if(0<=x<= 4
, f) draw the graph in the restricted domain.

Result
(a)Range of the given function: [2,∞)
p
(b) When the Domain is [0, 4 ] and codomain is [2,∞) the function is bijective.
(c)

Usha Chakyar
 Govt Model Boys Hss , Chalakkudy Plus Two

Lab 19 - Invertible Functions

1. Using the instructions given below construct a GeoGebra applet
Draw the graph of f(x) = x3
Crate a slider a
Plot the point A=(0, a)
Draw the line passing through A and parallel to the x axis
Plot the point of intersection B of the above line with the curve
Draw the line through B, perpendicular to the x axis
Plot the point of intersection C with the x axis
Hide the lines and draw the line segments AB and BC
Show the coordinates of A,B,& C

2.Write the method of finding an approximate value of the following using this applet and find its value
(i) 3 5 (ii) 3 4 (iii) 3 3

(i) 3
5

Procedure
Edit the value of a to 5 3
Then x coordinate of B is the value of 5

Observations

Result
3
5 = 1.71

(ii) 3
4

Procedure
Edit the value of a to 4
3
Then x coordinate of B is the value of 4

Observations

Result
3
4 = 1.59 Usha Chakyar
 Govt Model Boys Hss , Chalakkudy Plus Two
(iii) 3 3
Procedure
Edit the value of a to 3
Then x coordinate of B is the value of 3
3
Observations

Result
3
3 = 1.44

2)Answer the given questions.

(i) f(x) = x2 - 6x + 10 (ii) f(x) = x2 + 4x + 1 (iii) f(x) = x2 - 4x + 2
(a) Draw the graph of the function.
(b) Observe the graph and re-define its domain and codomain so that it becomes a bijection.
(c) Draw the graph of the function in the restricted domain.
(d) Draw the graph of f-1(x) using Reflect about line tool. Write the method of construction
Hint
To get the graph of inverse of a function ,restrict the domain of the function -if needed-in order to make it one to
one,draw the graph of the function in the restricted domain and find the reflection on the line y = x

(i) f(x) = x2 - 6x + 10
Procedure
Input f(x) = x^2 - 6x + 10
Give command f,x>=3
Draw the line y = x
Using the tool “Reflect about line “ we can draw the reflection of a graph of a function about y=x

Observations

Domain = R Restricted Domain = [3,∞)

Codomain = R Restricted Codomain = [1,∞)
Result

Usha Chakyar
 Govt Model Boys Hss , Chalakkudy Plus Two
(ii) f(x) = x2 + 4x + 1

Procedure
Input f(x) = x^2+4x + 1
Give command f,x>=-2
Draw the line y = x
Using the tool “Reflect about line “ we can draw the reflection of a graph of a function about y=x

Observations

Domain = R Restricted Domain = [-2,∞)

Codomain = R Restricted Codomain = [-3,∞)

Result

(iii) f(x) = x2 - 4x + 2

Procedure
Input f(x) = x^2+4x + 1
Give command f,x>=2
Draw the line y = x
Using the tool “Reflect about line “ we can draw the reflection of a graph of a function about y=x

Observations

Domain = R Restricted Domain = [2,∞)

Codomain = R Restricted Codomain = [-2,∞)

Result

Usha Chakyar
 GOVT MODEL BOYS HSS , CHALAKKUDY Plus Two

Lab 20
Inverse trigonometric functions
1. Consider only one of the following functions having
(i) f(x) = 2 sin(3x) (ii) f(x) = 2 cos(3x) (iii) f(x) = 3 cos(3x)
p
Open a GeoGebra window and change the marking on the x axis in terms of
6
(Right click on the Graphics view → Graphics → xAxis → pi / 6 )

(a) Draw the graph of the function f(x) given above. Observe the graph and find its range.
(b) Redefine the domain and codomain of the function f(x) to make it a bijection.
(c) Draw the graph of the function in the restricted domain.

(Input example :- If the domain is é - p , p ù give the input f,-pi/2<=x<=pi).

êë 2 úû
(i) f(x) = 2 sin(3x)
Procedure
Input : 2sin3x

Observations

Result:
a)Range = [-2 , 2]
p p
b)To make the function f(x)=2sin(3x) bijective , we redefine Domain = é - , ù and Codomain = [-2,2]
êë 6 6 úû
c)

(ii) f(x) = 2 cos(3x)

Procedure
Input: 2cos(3x)

Observations

Usha Chakyar
 GOVT MODEL BOYS HSS , CHALAKKUDY Plus Two
Result:
a)Range = [-2 , 2]
p
b)To make the function f(x)=2cos(3x) bijective , we redefine Domain = é0, ù and Codomain = [-2,2]
êë 3 úû
c)

(iii) f(x) = 3 cos(3x)

Procedure
Input : 3cos(3x)

Observations

Result:
a)Range = [-3 , 3]
é pù
b)To make the function f(x)=2cos(3x) bijective , we redefine Domain = êë0, 3 úû and Codomain = [-3,3]
c)

2. Open new geogebra window

Draw the graph of the function f(x) = cos x
Restict the graph to [ 0, p ]( give the input f,0<=x<=pi).
Crate a slider a
Plot the point A=(0, a)
Draw the line passing through A and parallel to the x axis
Plot the point of intersection B of the above line with the curve
Draw the line through B, perpendicular to the x axis
Plot the point of intersection C with the x axis
Hide the lines and draw the line segments AB and BC
Show the coordinates of A,B,& C

Usha Chakyar
 GOVT MODEL BOYS HSS , CHALAKKUDY Plus Two
(a) Write the method of finding the value of the following, using this applet, and find its
value.
(i) cos-1(0.7) (ii) cos-1(-0.8) (iii) cos-1(0.4)

(i) cos-1(0.7)
Procedure
Edit a = 0.7
x co-ordinate of B is the value of cos-1(0.7)
Observations

Result:
cos-1(0.7) = 0.8

(ii) cos-1(-0.8)
Procedure
Edit a = - 0.8
x co-ordinate of B is the value of cos-1(- 0.8)

Observations

Result:
cos-1(-0.8) = 2.5

(iii) cos-1(0.4)
Procedure
Edit a = 0.4
x coordinate of B is the value of cos-1(0.4)

Observations

Result:
cos-1(0.4) = 1.16
3) Find the value of the following
(i) tan-1(2.5) (ii) tan-1(3.4) (ii) tan-1(4.5)
Usha Chakyar
 GOVT MODEL BOYS HSS , CHALAKKUDY Plus Two

(i) tan-1(2.5)
Procedure
Draw the graph of the function f(x) = tanx
Restict the graph to é p p ù ( give the input f,-pi/2<=x<=pi/2).
ê- 2 , 2 ú
ë û
Edit a = 2.5
x coordinate of B is the value of tan-1(2.5)

Observations

Result:
tan-1(2.5) = 1.19

(ii) tan-1(3.4)
Procedure
Edit a = 3.4
x coordinate of B is the value of tan-1(3.4)

Observations

Result:
tan-1(3.4) = 1.28

(ii) tan-1(4.5)

Procedure
Edit a = 4 .5
x coordinate of B is the value of tan-1(4.5)

Observations

Result:
tan-1(4.5) = 1.35
Usha Chakyar
 GOVT MODEL BOYS HSS , CHALAKKUDY Plus two

Lab 25 - Continuity
1. Using the input command given below, draw the graph of the function f(x) and discuss its continuity at x = 1. If
discontinuous write the reason for discontinuity.

(i) f(x)=if(x<=1,x^2,x>1,3x+1)
(ii) f(x)=if(x<=1,x^2+1,x>1,3x)
(iii) f(x)=if(x<=1,x^2-1,x>1,3x-2)

(i) f(x)=if(x<=1,x^2,x>1,3x+1)

Procedure
Input : if(x<=1,x^2,x>1,3x+1)

Observation

LHL = lim- f ( x ) = 1 RHL = lim+ f ( x ) = 4 f (1) = 1

x ®1 x ®1

lim f ( x) ¹ lim+ f ( x ) ¹ f (1)

x ®1- x ®1

Result
Therefore the function is not continous at x=1

(ii) f(x)=if(x<=1,x^2+1,x>1,3x)

Procedure
Input : if(x<=1,x^2+1,x>1,3x)

Observation

LHL = lim- f ( x) = 2
x ®1
RHL = lim+ f ( x ) = 3
x ®1
f (1) = 2

lim- f ( x ) ¹ lim+ f ( x) ¹ f (1)

x ®1 x ®1
Result
Therefore the function is not continous at x=1

Usha Chakyar
 GOVT MODEL BOYS HSS , CHALAKKUDY Plus two
(iii) f(x)=if(x<=1,x^2-1,x>1,3x-2)
Procedure
Input : if(x<=1,x^2-1,x>1,3x-2)

Observation

LHL = lim- f ( x ) = 0 RHL = lim+ f ( x ) = 1 f (1) = 0

x ®1 x ®1

lim- f ( x) ¹ lim+ f ( x) ¹ f (1)

x ®1 x ®1

Result
Therefore the function is not continous at x=1

2. Create a slider k with increment 0.1

Using the input command given below, draw the graph of the function f(x) Find the value of k for which the function
becomes continuous.
(i) f(x)=if(x<=3,k*x+2,x>3,2x-4)
(ii) f(x)=if(x<=2,k*x-1,x>2,x+3)
(iii) f(x)=if(x<=3,k*x+4,x>3,3x+1)

(i) f(x)=if(x<=3,k*x+2,x>3,2x-4)
Procedure
Create a slider k with increment 0.1
Input : if(x<=3,k*x+2,x>3,2x-4)
Edit the value of k sothat graph is continous

Observation

Result
The function is continous when k=0

(ii) f(x)=if(x<=2,k*x-1,x>2,x+3)
Procedure
Create a slider k with increment 0.1
Input : if(x<=2,k*x-1,x>2,x+3)
Edit the value of k sothat graph is continous
Usha Chakyar
 GOVT MODEL BOYS HSS , CHALAKKUDY Plus two
Observation

Result
The function is continous when k=3

(iii) f(x)=if(x<=3,k*x+4,x>3,3x+1)
Procedure
Create a slider k with increment 0.1
Input : if(x<=3,k*x+4,x>3,3x+1)
Edit the value of k sothat graph is continous

Observation

Result
The function is continous when k=2

3. Create two sliders a and b with increment 1

Draw the graph of the function f(x) using the input command given below.
(i) f(x)=if(x<=1,1,x<=3,a*x+b,x>3,5)
(ii) f(x)=if(x<=1,3,x<=3,a*x+b,x>3,1)
(iii) f(x)=if(x<=1,3,x<=3,a*x+b,x>3,-1)
(a) Find the values of a and b so that the function f is continuous. (2)
(b) Find a value of a and b so that f is continuous at 1 and discontinuous at 3.

(i) f(x)=if(x<=1,1,x<=3,a*x+b,x>=3,5)
Procedure
Create two sliders a and b with increment 1
Input command f(x)=if(x<=1,1,x<=3,a*x+b,x>3,5)
Edit the value of a and b sothat graph is continous
Also find a value of a and b so that f is continuous at 1 and discontinuous at 3.

Observation

Usha Chakyar
 GOVT MODEL BOYS HSS , CHALAKKUDY Plus two
Result
1)f is continous when a = 2 and b = - 1
2) f is continuous at 1 and discontinuous at 3 when a = - 2 and b = 3

(ii) f(x)=if(x<=1,3,x<=3,a*x+b,x>3,1)
Procedure
Create two sliders a and b with increment 1
Input command f(x)=if(x<=1,3,x<=3,a*x+b,x>3,1)
Edit the value of a and b sothat graph is continous
Also find a value of a and b so that f is continuous at 1 and discontinuous at 3.

Observation

Result
1)f is continous when a =-1and b = 4
2) f is continuous at 1 and discontinuous at 3 when a = - 2 and b = 5

(iii) f(x)=if(x<=1,3,x<=3,a*x+b,x>3,-1)
Procedure
Create two sliders a and b with increment 1
Input command f(x)=if(x<=1,3,x<=3,a*x+b,x>3,-1)
Edit the value of a and b sothat graph is continous
Also find a value of a and b so that f is continuous at 1 and discontinuous at 3.

Observation

Result
1)f is continous when a = -2 and b = 5
2) f is continuous at 1 and discontinuous at 3 when a = 2 and b = 1

Usha Chakyar
 GOVT MODEL BOYS HSS , CHALAKKUDY Plus Two

Lab 27
Increasing and Decreasing Functions
1. Draw the graph of the function f(x), observe the graph and find the intervals in which the
function is increasing or decreasing.
(i) f(x) = x3 + 6x2 + 9x + 5
(ii) f(x) = x3 - 6x2 + 9x -1
(iii) f(x) = x3 - 9x2 + 24x – 15

(i) f(x) = x3 + 6x2 + 9x + 5

Procedure
Input x^3+6x^2+9x+5
Plot extreme points

Observation

Result
The function f is increasing in( -∞ , -3) and (-1, ∞ ) ,decreasing in (- 3 , - 1)

(ii) f(x) = x3 - 6x2 + 9x -1

Procedure
Input x^3-6x^2+9x-1
Plot extreme points

Observation

Result
The function f is increasing in( -∞ , 1) and (3, ∞ ) , decreasing in (1,3)

(iii) f(x) = x3 - 9x2 + 24x – 15

Procedure
Input x^3-9x^2+24x-15
Plot extreme points

Usha Chakyar
 GOVT MODEL BOYS HSS , CHALAKKUDY Plus Two
Observation

Result
The function f is increasing in( -∞ , 2) and (4, ∞ ) , decreasing in (2,4)

2. Do the following instructions and create an applet.

Draw the graph of the function f(x) given below.
(i) f(x) = x2 -2x + 3 (ii) f(x) = x2 + 6x + 7 (iii) f(x) = x2 - 8x + 13
Create a slider a with increment 0.1
Plot the point A=(a,f(a))
Draw the tangent to the curve at A and find its slope when a=1
(a) Find the intervals in which the slope of the tangent is positive or negative
(b) Edit the function f(x) to x3 + x (Double click on the graph and edit). What is the peculiarity of the slope of the
tangent? What does it infer ?

(i) f(x) = x2 -2x + 3

Procedure
Input f(x)=x^2-2x+3
Create a slider a with increment 0.1
Plot the point A=(a,f(a))
Draw the tangent to the curve at A
Find its slope when a=1

Observation

Result
(a)The slope of the tangent is positive ( 1,∞) and negative ( -∞, 1)
(b) the slope of the tangent is always positive which means the function is always increasing

(ii) f(x) = x2 + 6x + 7

Procedure
Change f(x)=x^2+6x+7

Usha Chakyar
 GOVT MODEL BOYS HSS , CHALAKKUDY Plus Two
Observation

Result
(a)The slope of the tangent is positive ( -3,∞) and negative ( -∞, -3)

(iii) f(x) = x2 - 8x + 13

Procedure
Change f(x)=x^2-8x+13

Observation

Result
(a)The slope of the tangent is positive ( 4 , ∞) and negative ( -∞, 4)

3. Draw the graph of the function f(x) given below.

(i) f(x) = 6x3 - 10x2 - 12 (ii) f(x) = 4x3 - 5x2 - 10x (iii) f(x) = 5x3 - 7x2 - 13x
Draw the graph of f'(x) and hence find the intervals in which f(x) is increasing or decreasing.

(i) f(x) = 6x3 - 10x2 – 12

Procedure
Input f(x) = 6x^3 - 10x^2– 12x
Input derivative(f)
Plot the point of intersection , A and B with f '

Observation

Usha Chakyar
 GOVT MODEL BOYS HSS , CHALAKKUDY Plus Two
Result
Since in (-0.43, 1.53) f '(x) < 0 , therefore f is decreasing in (-0.43, 1.53)
(-∞, -0.43) and (1.53,∞) f ' (x) > 0 , therefore f is increasing in (-∞, -0.43) and (1.53,∞)

(ii) f(x) = 4x3 - 5x2 – 10x

Procedure
Input f(x) = 4x^3 - 5x^2– 10x
Input derivative(f)
Plot the point of intersection , A and B with f '

Observation

Result
Since in (-0.59, 1.42) f '(x) < 0 , therefore f is decreasing in (-0.59, 1.42)
(-∞, -0.59) and (1.42,∞) f ' (x) > 0 , therefore f is increasing in (-∞, -0.59) and (1.42,∞)

(iii) f(x) = 5x3 - 7x2 - 13x

Procedure
Input f(x) = 5x^3 -7x^2– 13x
Input derivative(f)
Plot the point of intersection , A and B with f '

Observation

Result
Since in (-0.57, 1.51) f '(x) < 0 , therefore f is decreasing in (-0.57, 1.51)
(-∞, -0.57) and (1.51,∞) f ' (x) > 0 , therefore f is increasing in (-∞, -0.57) and (1.51,∞)

Usha Chakyar
 GOVT MODEL BOYS HSS , CHALAKKUDY Plus Two

Lab 30
Maxima and Minima
1. Draw the graph of the function f(x) given below.
(i) f(x) = 8x3 - 12x2 + 7 (ii) f(x) = 2x3 - 6x2 + 3 (iii) f(x) = 3x3 - 9x2 + 7
Observe the graph and find points of local maxima or minima. Also find local maximum and local minimum values.

(i) f(x) = 8x3 - 12x2 + 7

Procedure
Input(8x^3 - 12x^2 + 7)

Observation

Result
Local minimum point is at x=1 and local minimum value of f is 3
Local maximum point is at x=0 and local maximum value of f is 7

(i) f(x) = 2x3 - 6x2 + 3

Procedure
Input(2x^3 - 6x^2 + 3)

Observation

Result
Local minimum point is at x=2 and local minimum value of f is -5
Local maximum point is at x=0 and local maximum value of f is 3

(iii) f(x) = 3x3 - 9x2 + 7

Procedure
Input(3x^3 - 9x^2 + 7)

Usha Chakyar
 GOVT MODEL BOYS HSS , CHALAKKUDY Plus Two
Observation

Result
Local minimum point is at x=2 and local minimum value of f is -5
Local maximum point is at x=0 and local maximum value of f is 7

2. Draw the graph of the function f(x) given below.

(i) f(x) = 2x3 + 9x2 - 24x - 5 (ii) f(x) = 2x3 + 3x2 - 36x + 10 (iii) f(x) = x3 - 6x2 - 15x + 3
Draw the graph of f ' (x) and plot its points of intersection with the x axis.
(a) Find the points of local maxima and minima of the function f(x)
(b) Find local maximum and local minimum values

(i) f(x) = 2x3 + 9x2 - 24x -5

Procedure
Draw the graph of f(x) and f'(x).
Find the points A and B at which the graph of f'(x) cuts the x axis. Show the coordinates of A and B.
From the graph of f(x) , identify whether the x coordinates of A and B are points of local maxima or local minima.
The input commands f(x(A)) and f(x(B)) gives the corresponding values.

Observation

Result
The point of local maximum is at x = - 4 and maximum value of f is 107
The point of local minimum is at x = 1 and minimum value of f is -18

(ii) f(x) = 2x3 + 3x2 - 36x + 10

Procedure
Change the function f, input : 2x^3+ 3x^2- 36x + 10

Usha Chakyar
 GOVT MODEL BOYS HSS , CHALAKKUDY Plus Two
Observation

Result
The point of local maximum is at x = - 3 and maximum value of f is 91
The point of local minimum is at x = 2 and minimum value of f is -34

(iii) f(x) = x3 - 6x2 - 15x + 3

Procedure
Change the function f, input : x^3-6x^2- 15x + 3

Observation

Result
The point of local maximum is at x = - 1 and maximum value of f is 11
The point of local minimum is at x = 5 and minimum value of f is - 97

3. Draw the graph of the function f(x) and find its absolute maximum and absolute minimum
values in the given interval.
(i) f(x) = 2x3 - 3x2 - 72x + 5 in [-2, 2]
(ii) f(x) = x3 - 3x2 - 9x + 11 in [-1,3]
(iii) f(x) = 2x3 + 3x2 - 36x +10 in [-2,2]

(i) f(x) = 2x3 - 3x2 - 72x + 5 in [-2, 2]

Procedure
Input 2x^3 - 3x^2 - 72x + 5
Input f '
Find the points A and B at which f '(x) meets x axis.
Find f(-2), f(2),f(x(A)) and f(x(B)). Highest among them is the absolute maximum value and least is the absolute
minimum value.

Usha Chakyar
 GOVT MODEL BOYS HSS , CHALAKKUDY Plus Two

Observation

Result
The absolute maximum value of f is at x = - 3 and absoulte maximum value is 140
The absolute minimum value of f is at x = 4 and absoulte miniimum value is -203

(ii) f(x) = x3 - 3x2 - 9x + 11 in [-1,3]

Procedure
Input x^3 - 3x^2 - 9x + 11
Input f '
Find the points A and B at which f '(x) meets x axis.
Find f(-1), f(3),f(x(A)) and f(x(B)). Highest among them is the absolute maximum value and least is the absolute
minimum value.

Observation

Result
The absolute maximum value of f is at x = -1 and absoulte maximum value is 16
The absolute minimum value of f is at x = 3 and absoulte minimum value is -16

(iii) f(x) = 2x3 + 3x2 - 36x +10 in [-2,2]

Procedure
Input 2x^3 - 3x^2 - 36x + 10
Input f '
Find the points A and B at which f '(x) meets x axis.
Find f(-2), f(2),f(x(A)) and f(x(B)). Highest among them is the absolute maximum value and least is the absolute
minimum value.

Usha Chakyar
 GOVT MODEL BOYS HSS , CHALAKKUDY Plus Two
Observation

Result
The absolute maximum value of f is at x =- 3 and absoulte maximum value is 91
The absolute minimum value of f is at x = 2 and absoulte miniimum value is - 34

Usha Chakyar
 GOVT MODEL BOYS HSS , CHALAKKUDY Plus Two

Lab 34
Applications of integrals
(a) Using the instructions given below construct a GeoGebra applet

Draw the graph of the function f(x) = x2 .

Use the input command Integral[f,0,3] to find the area bounded by the curve
Find the area bounded by the curve y = f(x) , x axis between x = 0 and x = 3.
Result

(b)Find the area of the region bounded by the given curves

i. y = x 2 + 2 , x axis, x = - 2, x = 2
ii. y = 9 - x2 , x axis
iii. y = x 2 - 4x + 2, x axis

iv. y = 2 sin x, x axis, x = 0 and x = 4
v. y = tan x, x axis, x = 0 and x = 1

i. y = x 2 + 2 , x axis, x = - 2, x = 2
Procedure:
Input : f(x)=x^2+2
Input : Integral[f,-2,2]

Observations:

Result:
Area = 13.33 sq.units

ii. y = 9 - x2 , x axis
Procedure:
Input f(x)=9 - x^2 , x axis
Plot the point of intersection , A and B
Usha Chakyar
 GOVT MODEL BOYS HSS , CHALAKKUDY Plus Two
Input : Integral[f,x(A),x(B)]

Observations:

Result:
Area = 36 sq.units

iii. y = x 2 - 4x + 2, x axis
Procedure:
Input f(x)=x^2 - 4x + 2
Plot the point of intersection , A and B
Input : Integral[f,x(A),x(B)]

Observations:

Result:
Area = 3.77 sq.units

iv. y = 2 sin x, x axis, x = 0 and x = 

Procedure: 4
Input f(x) = 2 sinx
Input : Integral[f,0,pi / 4]

Observations:

Result:
Area = 0.59 sq.units

v. y = tan x, x axis, x = 0 and x = 1

Usha Chakyar
 GOVT MODEL BOYS HSS , CHALAKKUDY Plus Two
Procedure:
Input f(x) = tan x
Input : Integral[f,0,1]
Observations:

Result:
Area = 0.62 sq.units

(c) Use above applet to answer the questions,

i. Find the area of the circle x2 + y2 = 9
x2 y 2
ii. Find the area of the ellipse  1
9 16
iii. Find the area of the region bounded by the parabola y2 = 9x and the line x = 5
iv. Find the area of the region bounded by the curve y2 = 5x + 2 , x = 1 , x = 3 , above x axis

i). Find the area of the circle x2 + y2 = 9

Procedure:
Draw the circle x2 + y2 = 9

x2  y2  9
y 2  9  x2
y  9  x2

Input f(x) = sqrt(9-x^2)

Input : Integral[f,0,3]

Observations:

Area in first quadrant = 7.07

Total area = 4x7.07 = 28.27 sq units

Usha Chakyar
 GOVT MODEL BOYS HSS , CHALAKKUDY Plus Two
Result:
Area = 28.27 sq.units

x2 y2
ii. Find the area of the ellipse  1
9 16
Procedure:
x2 y2
 1
9 16
y2 x2
1
16 9
4
y 9  x2
3

Input f(x) = 4/3 sqrt(9-x^2)

Input : Integral[f,0,3)]

Observations:

Area in first quadrant = 9.42

Total area = 4 x 9.42 = 37.7 sq units

Result:
Area = 37.7 sq.units

iii. Find the area of the region bounded by the parabola y 2 = 9x and the line x = 5
Procedure:
Draw the parabola y 2 = 9x and the line x = 5
y 2  9x
y 3 x

Input f(x) = 3 sqrt(x)

Input : Integral[f,0,5)]

Usha Chakyar
 GOVT MODEL BOYS HSS , CHALAKKUDY Plus Two
Observations:

Area in first quadrant = 22.36

Total area = 2 x 22.36 = 44.72 sq units

Result:
Area = 44.72 sq units

iv. Find the area of the region bounded by the curve y2 = 5x + 2 , x = 1 , x = 3 , above x axis
Procedure:
y 2 = 5x + 2
y = 5x + 2
Input f(x) = sqrt(5x+2)
Input : Integral[f,1,3)]
Observations:

Area = 6.88

Result:
Area = 6.88 sq units

(d) Use above applet to answer the following questions, Find the area of the region bounded by the given
curves.
i. y = 3 cos x, x axis, x = 0, x = 
ii. y = x 3, x axis, x = -2, x = 3
iii. y = x2 - 3, x axis x = -1, x = 2

i. y = 3 cos x, x axis, x = 0, x = 
Procedure:
Since area lies above and below x axis we take absolute function

Usha Chakyar
 GOVT MODEL BOYS HSS , CHALAKKUDY Plus Two
f(x) =abs(3cosx)
Input : Integral[f,0,pi]

Observations:

Result:
Area = 6 sq units

ii. x3 , x axis, x = - 2, x = 3
Procedure:
Since area lies above and below x axis we take absolute function
f(x)=abs( x3 )
Input : Integral[f,-2,3]

Observations:

Result:
Area = 24.25 sq units

iii. y = x2 - 3, x axis x = -1, x = 2

Procedure:
Since area lies above and below x axis we take absolute function
f(x)=abs(x2 - 3)
Input : Integral[f,-1,2]

Observations:

Result:
Area = 6.26 sq unit

Usha Chakyar
 GOVT MODEL BOYS HSS , CHALAKKUDY Plus Two

Lab 36
Differential Equations
(a)Find geometrically the DE representing the family of curves given below.
(i) x2 + y2 = c
(ii) x2 - y2 = c

(i) x2 + y2 = c
Procedure
Create a slider c and the function f(x) = c - x
2

Create another slider a and plot the point A(a, f(a)).

Draw the tangent to the curve at A and find its slope.
Show the coordinates of A.
Observe the coordinates of A and the slope of the tangent.
Find the relation between them.

Observations dy
Here slope m = = -0.58 and x coordinate of A is 1 , y coordinate of A is
dx
1.73
-x -1 dy
ie: slope at the point A = = -0.58 =
y 1.73 dx

Result
Differential Equation of x2 + y2 = c is dy - x
=
dx y
(ii) x2 - y2 = c
Procedure
Create a slider c and the function f(x) = x - c
2

Create another slider a and plot the point A(a, f(a)).

Draw the tangent to the curve at A and find its slope.
Show the coordinates of A.
Observe the coordinates of A and the slope of the tangent.
Find the relation between them.

Observations dy
Here slope m = dx = 1.12 and x coordinate of A is 1 , y
coordinate of A is 0.89
ie: slope at the point A x 1 dy
= = 1.12 =
y 0.89 dx

Result
Differential Equation of x2 - y2 = c is dy x
=
dx y

Usha Chakyar
 GOVT MODEL BOYS HSS , CHALAKKUDY Plus Two
(b)Find the general solution of the DE given below.
dy
(i) = 3x2 + 2 x
dx
(ii) dy = 4 x 3 + 2 x
dx

(i) dy
= 3x 2 + 2 x
dx
Procedure
dy
If the DE is of the form = f ( x, y ) give the command as SolveODE(f(x,y))
dx
Input : SolveODE(3x2+2x)

Result dy
The general solution of the DE = 3 x 2 + 2 x is x3+ x2
dx

dy
(ii) = 4 x3 + 2 x
dx
Procedure
Input : SolveODE(4x3+2x)

Result dy
The general solution of the DE = 4 x 3 + 2 x is x4+ x2
dx
(c) (i) Find the equation of a curve passing through the point (1, 3) given that at any point (x, y)
on the curve, the slope of its tangent is equal to two times its y coordinate of the point.
Verify your answer using GeoGebra.
(ii) Find the equation of a curve passing through the point (4,2) given that at any point (x,y)
on the curve, the slope of its tangent is equal to two times its x coordinate of the point.
Verify your answer using GeoGebra.
(i)
Procedure
Given slope of its tangent is equal to two times its y coordinate of the point
dy
m= = 2 y y1 = 3 when x1 = 1
dx
If the DE is of the form dy = f ( x, y ) and If the solution satises the condition y = y1 when x = x1 then the
dx
particular solution is obtained by the Input Command SolveODE(f(x,y))(x1,y1)

Input : SolveODE(2y,(1,3))

Result
3e 2 x
The equation of the curve is y=
e2
Usha Chakyar
 GOVT MODEL BOYS HSS , CHALAKKUDY Plus Two

(ii)
Procedure
Given slope of its tangent is equal to two times its x coordinate of the point
dy
m= = 2 x y1 = 2 when x1 = 4
dx
Input : SolveODE(2x,(4,2))
Result
The equation of the curve is y = x 2 - 14

Usha Chakyar
 GOVT MODEL BOYS HSS , CHALAKKUDY Plus Two

Lab 42- Linear Programming Problem

Solve the linear programming problem using GeoGebra:

1. Consider the following LPP

(i) Maximise: z = 2x - y
Subject to the constraints:
2x + y ≥ 6
x + 2y ≥ 6
x+y≤5
x,y ≥ 0
Input command:
2x+y>=6&&x+2y>=6&&x+y<=5&&x>=0&&y>=0

(i) Using the instructions given below construct a GeoGebra applet

Procedure
Input command 2x+y>=6&&x+2y>=6&&x+y<=5&&x>=0&&y>=0
Find the corner points using the input command: Corner(a)
Create a slider c with Min : 0, Max :50 and Increment : 1
Draw the line 2x - y = c

Observation

Corner point Value of Z

A(2,2) 2
B(1,4) -2
C(4,1) 7

Result
The maximum value of z = 2x – y is 7 at C(4,1)

(ii) Maximise: z = 2x - 3y
Subject to the constraints:
2x + 7y ≥ 21
3x -2y ≥ -6
x+y≤ 8
x,y ≥ 0
Procedure
Input command:
2x+7y>=21&&3x-2y>=-6&&x+y<=8&&x>=0&&y>=0

Observation

Corner point Value of Z

A(0,3) -9
B(7,1) 11
C(2,6) -14

Usha Chakyar
 GOVT MODEL BOYS HSS , CHALAKKUDY Plus Two
Result
The maximum value of z = 2x – 3y is 11 at B(7,1)

2. Consider the linear programming problem

(i) Objective function: z = 3x + y
Subject to the constraints:
x≥3
x+y≥5
x + 2y ≥ 6
y≥0

Procedure
Input command:
x>=3&&x+y>=5&&x+2y>=6&&y>=0
Construct the feasible region.
Create a slider c with Min: 0, Max: 100 and Increment: 1.
Draw the line 3x + y = c.
Now use the line to find the minimum and maximum values of the objective function, if exist.

Observation

Corner point Value of Z

A(3,2) 11
B(4,1) 13
C(6,0) 18

Result
The feasible region is unbounded
The minimum value of z = 3x + y is 11 at A(3 , 2)
No maximum value of z = 3x+y exists , since 3x+y=18 has common points with the feasible region

(ii) Objective function:z = 3x-y

Subject to the constraints:
x + 2y ≥ 10
2x - y ≤ 0
5x - y ≤ 15
x,y≥0

Procedure
Input command:
x+2y>=10&&2x-y<=0&&5x-y<=15&&x>=0&&y>=0
Construct the feasible region.
Create a slider c with Min: -10, Max: 100 and Increment: 1.
Draw the line 3x - y = c.
Now use the line to find the minimum and maximum values of the objective function, if exist.

Usha Chakyar
 GOVT MODEL BOYS HSS , CHALAKKUDY Plus Two
Observation

Corner point Value of Z

A(2,4) 2
B(0,5) -5
C(5,10) 5

Result
The feasible region is unbounded
The maximum value of z = 3x - y is 5 at C(5 , 10)
No minimum value of z = 3x - y exists , since 3x - y = 2 has common points with the feasible region

Usha Chakyar