BAL BHARATI PUBLIC SCHOOL,PITAMPURA

CLASS-X

SUBJECT-SCIENCE

LIGHT : REFLECTION AND REFRACTION

1. Define pole, centre of curvature, radius of curvature, principal axis, aperture,
focus and focal length of a spherical mirror.
Pole: The centre of reflecting surface. It is represented by letter P.
Centre of Curvature: The centre of the sphere of which the mirror forms the
part. Represented by “C”.
Radius of Curvature: The radius of the sphere of which the mirror forms the
part. Represented by “R”.
Principal axis: The straight line joining the pole (P) and the centre of
curvature. It is normal to the mirror at its pole.
Aperture: The diameter of the spherical mirror is called its aperture. The
reflecting surface of the mirror.
Focus: The point of the principal axis at which the rays parallel to principal
axis meet (concave mirror) or appear to meet (convex mirror) after reflection.
Represented by F.
Focal Length: The distance between the pole and the principal focus of a
spherical mirror is called focal length. Represented by f.

2. Define Centre of curvature , principal axis, optical centre, aperture, focus and
focal length for a lens.
(a) Centre of curvature: It is the centre of the spheres of which the each
surface of the lens forms a part. Represented bv C or 2f.
(b) Principal axis: An imaginary straight line passing through the two
centres of curvatures.
(c) Optical centre: It is the central point of the lens. Represented by O.
(d) Focus: The point at which rays of light parallel to principal axis
converges (convex lens) or appears to diverge (concave lens) after
refraction. Represented by F.
(e) Focal length: The distance between focus and optical centre is called
focal length. It is represented by f.
 3.Complete te path of the following incident rays:

Ans

4. Draw a ray diagram to show the path of the reflected ray in each of the following
cases. A ray of light incident on a concave mirror
(i) Strikes at its pole making an angle θ from the principal axis.
(ii) Is directed towards its principal focus.
(iii) Is parallel to its principal axis
 5. Draw the ray diagrams for all possible positions of the object in front of a
spherical mirror as it is moved from pole to the infinity.

a) Concave mirror:

b) Convex mirror:

6. . Draw the ray diagrams for all possible positions of the object in front of a
spherical lens as it is moved from infinity to optical Centre.

Convex lens:
7. Identify the devices that can form the following images and also identify the
respective position of the object:
a) real magnified image on same side of the object
Ans : Concave mirror , Between F and C or at F(blurred)
b) real magnified image on the opposite side of the object
Ans: Convex lens , Between F and 2F or at F(blurred)
c) real diminished image on same side of the object
Ans: Beyond C ,At infinity(Highly diminished)
d) real diminished image on the other side of the object
Ans: Beyond 2F, At infinity(Highly diminished)
e) virtual magnified image on the same side of the object
Ans:Convex lens , Between F and O
f) virtual diminished image on same side of the object
Ans: Concave lens , Between O and infinity
g) virtual magnified image on the other side of the object
Ans: Concave mirror , Between F and O
h) virtual diminished image on the other side of the object.
Ans: Convex mirror , Between F and O

8 . An object 2 cm high is kept at a distance of 16 cm from a concave mirror which

produces a real image 3 cm high.
(i) What is the focal length of the mirror?
(ii) Find the position of the image.
Ans:

9. Which mirror or lens should be preferred to be used in /as the following cases. Also
tell the nature and size of the image expected in each case:

a) Shaving mirror
Ans: Concave mirror, Virtual erect enlarged
b) Solar concentrator
Ans: Concave mirror, Real inverted point sized
c) Dentist mirror
Ans:Concave mirror, Virtual erect enlarged
d) Headlights of car
Ans: Concave mirror, Real inverted enlarged
e) Slide projector
Ans: Concave mirror, Real inverted enlarged
f) Compound microscope
Ans: Concave mirror to focus light on stage, Real inverted point sized
Convex lens as objective lens, Real inverted enlarged
Convex lens as eyepiece, Virtual erect enlarged
g) Astronomical telescope
Ans: a) Refracting type:
Convex lens as objective lens, Real inverted point sized
Convex lens as eyepiece, Virtual erect enlarged

b) Reflecting type :
Concave mirror as objective mirror, Real inverted point sized
Convex lens as eyepiece, Virtual erect enlarged

h) Correction of myopia
Ans: Concave lens, Virtual erect diminished
i) Correction of hypermetropia
 Ans:Convex lens as eyepiece, Virtual erect enlarged
j) Magnifying glass
Ans: Convex lens as eyepiece, Virtual erect enlarged
k) Vigilance mirror
Ans: Convex mirror, Virtual erect diminished
l) Rear view mirror
Ans: Convex mirror, Virtual erect diminished
10. The magnification produced by a spherical mirror is “-3”
a) Identify the device

Ans Concave mirror

b) Where should the object be placed?
Between f and C
c) Where is the image formed and Write the nature of the image so formed
Beyond C
Real inverted and enlarged
11. a) Define absolute refractive index of a medium. What does it signify?
The refractive index of diamond is 2.42. What is the meaning of this
statement?
Answer:

The absolute refractive index is a measure of how much light's speed changes
when it enters a medium compared to the speed of light in a vacuum.
It is defined as the ratio of the speed of light in vacuum to the speed of light in
the given medium
By saying that the refractive index of diamond is 2.42, we mean that the It is
defined as the ratio of the speed of light in vacuum to the speed of light in diamond
is 2.42.
b) Refractive index of water and benzene w.r.t air are 1.33 and 1.50 respectively.
Calculate refractive index of benzene w.r.t water?
We will use the following equation to solve this question,

c) The absolute refractive index of 2 media ‘A’ and ‘B’ are 2.0 and 1.5 respectively.
If the speed of light in medium ‘B’ is 2 × 10 8 m/s, calculate the speed of light in: (i)
vacuum (ii) medium ‘A’.

nA = 2.0 and nB = 1.5, vB = 3 : 2 x 10^8 m/s

(i) nB = c/vB
Therefore,c= 1.5 x 2 10^8 m/s = 3 x 10^8 m/s
(ii) nA = c/vA Therefore, vA= c/nA = 3 x 10^8 m/s / 2 = 1.5 x 10^8 m/s

12. a) What do you mean by lateral displacement.On what factors does it depend?
Ans The perpendicular distance between the extended incident ray and the
emergent ray is defined as lateral displacement. This shift depends upon the angle of
incidence, the angle of refraction and the thickness of the medium.

b) Show the path of a ray of light when it falls

a) normally to a glass slab

Ans

b) Inclined on its surface.

13. Define power of a lens. Write its SI unit

Ans The power of a lens is the ability to converge or diverge the ray of light falling on
it. Power of a lens is defined as reciprocal of focal length of the lens. P = 1/f A lens of
small focal length has large power of converging or diverging a parallel beam of light.
Unit of power is Diopter (D)

14. A concave lens of focal length 25 cm and a convex lens of focal length 20 cm are
placed in contact with each other. What is the power of this combination? Also,
calculate focal length of the combination.
Here, f 1 = - 25 c m , f 2 = 20cm
P1 = - 4D , P2 = 5D
P= P1 + P2 = - 4+5 =1D
f=1m

15. A convex lens forms a real and inverted image of a needle at a distance of
50 cm from it. Where is the needle placed in front of the convex lens if the
image is equal to the size of the object ? Also, find the power of the lens. ,
ANSWER:

Here ν = +50cm
Because the real image is of the same size as the object,