Advanced Software Engineering

Dr. Harshal Shah, Associate Professor

Computer Science & Engineering
 UNIT - 8
Advanced Software Engineering
Advanced Software Engineering Topics
• Software Reuse
• Component Based Software Engineering
• Distributed Software Engineering
• Service-Oriented Software Engineering
• Real-Time Software Engineering
• Systems Engineering
• Systems of System
Software Reuse
Reuse-based software engineering is an approach to development that tries to
maximize the reuse of existing software.
•Availability of reusable software at low cost
•Demands for lower software production and maintenance costs
•Faster delivery of systems
•Recognized software quality

• Software Reuse Levels

- Application system reuse
- Component reuse
- Object and function reuse
 Benefits of Software Reuse
• Increased dependability
– Tried and tested
– More dependable than new software
– Identified and Fixed design and implementation faults
• Reduced process risk
– Known cost of existing software
– Easy to make decision for Project Rebuilt
– Reduces the margin of error in project cost estimation
– Highly Helpful for large software components-subsystems
 Benefits of Software Reuse
• Effective use of specialists
– Reduce Rework
– Better Utilization specialist's knowledge
• Standards compliance
– Use of standard user interfaces
– Improves dependability
– Reduces mistakes from user as familiar interface

Image source : Google

 Benefits of Software Reuse
• Accelerated development
– Launch a system to market at earliest
– Speed up system production
– Reduction in development and validation time
 Threats or Challenges with Software Reuse
• Lack of tool support
• Not-invented-here syndrome
• Creating, maintaining, and using a component library
• May Increased maintenance costs
• Finding, understanding, and adapting reusable components
 Key factors during planning Software Reuse
• Development schedule
• Expected software lifetime
• Development team's background, skills, and experience
• Criticality of the software
• Software's non-functional requirements
• The application domain
• The execution platform
 Component Based Software Engineering (CBSE)
• Components and Component Models
• Component Based Software Engineering Processes
• Component Formation
 Component and Component Models
• Components - Highly Useful for Achieving Reusability
– Module which can be independently functions deployed or composed
without modifications from the system.
• Characteristics of Components
– Standardized, Independent, Compos-able, Deployable, Documented
• Component Models:
– Based on definition of standards for component implementation,
documentation, and deployment.
– Implement through interfaces, usage and Deployment through Platform or
Support Services
 Component Based Software Engineering Processes
• Types of Component Based Software Engineering Processes
– Development for reuse
– Development with reuse
• Reuse supports processes related to
– Component acquisition
– Component management
– Component certification
 Component Formation
• Component Composition / Formation:
– The process of integrating components
• Types of Component Composition:
– Sequential composition
– Hierarchical composition
– Additive composition
• Factors in Failure of Component Composition
– Parameter Incompatibility & Operation Incompatibility
– Operation incompleteness
 Distributed Software Engineering
• Distributed Systems – Presently Known as Cloud
– A collection of independent computers
– Appears to the user as a single coherent system
• Software Engineering Practices are different for Distributed Systems
• Main Focuses handling following during development:
– Distributed systems issues
– Client–server computing
– Architectural patterns for distributed systems
– Software as a service
 Distributed systems issues
• Important design issues that have to be considered
– Transparency
– Openness
– Scalability
– Security
– Quality of service
– Failure management
• Dimensions of Scalability – Size, Distribution, Manageability
• Types of attacks –Interception, Interruption, Modification, Fabrication
• The quality of service reflects the system’s ability
• Recovery Plans - Models of interaction and Middleware
 Client–server computing
• Distributed systems that are referred as client–server systems
• To create and process that information
– Depend on Various layers for computations
• Have layered architectural model for client–server application
– Presentation layer
– Data management layer
– Application processing layer
– Database layer
 Architectural patterns for distributed systems
• Applicable architectural styles:
– Master-slave architecture
– Two-tier client–server architecture
– Multitier client–server architecture
– Distributed component architecture
– Peer-to-peer architecture
 Software as a service
• Useful to reduce client side dependencies and need as requirement of
client-server application
• Examples are Oauth Service, Google Docs, Sheets, One Notes etc.
• Also popular as SaaS - Software as a Service
– Software is deployed on a server
– The software is owned and managed
– Users may pay for the software requiring to the amount of use
• Important factors into consideration during development
– Configurability
– Multi-tenancy
– Scalability
 Service-Oriented Software Engineering
• Focused on the development of software systems by composition of
– Reusable services
– Separation of concerns
• Extends characteristics of component-based software engineering
• Attention to :
– Service-oriented interaction pattern
– Service-oriented analysis and design
 Service-Oriented Software Design Process
• Primary Concerns are Focuses on:
– Service candidate identification
– Service interface design
– Service implementation and deployment
– Legacy system services
• Service construction by composition:
– Workflow design and implementation
– Service testing
 Real-Time Software Engineering
• Time Critical Response and Result Required Systems (Time Constrained)
– Soft Real-Time Systems – Some Delays Permitted
– Hard Real-Time Systems – No Delays Permitted
• Used to Monitor and Control Environments/Systems/Hardware
• Example – IoT / Embedded Based System
• Stimulus/Response Systems
– Periodic stimuli
– Aperiodic stimuli
 Real-Time Software Systems Design Process
• Real-Time Systems design key factors
– Real-time programming
– Real Time Process management
– Real-time Operating Systems
• Attention to:
– Process Priority, Switching, Scheduling and Interrupt handling
 Systems Engineering
• Interdisciplinary field of engineering and engineering management
• System Engineering Emphases on How to following on complex systems
over their life cycles :
– Design
– Integrate
– Manage complex systems over their life cycles
• Systems engineering handles:
– Work-processes, optimization methods, and risk management tools in
such projects
 Systems in System Engineering
• System Engineering Tools:
– Strategies
– Procedures
– Techniques
• System Engineering Models
– An abstraction of reality designed to answer specific questions about the
real world, through an imitation, analogue, or representation of a real
world process or structure represented in conceptual, mathematical, or
physical tool to assist a decision maker.
 System Engineering Process
• Task definition
– Informative definition
• Conceptual stage
– Cardinal definition
• Design stage
– Formative definition
• Implementation stage
– Manufacturing definition
 Systems of System
• Collection of capable of independent functioning systems
– Example: Enterprise Software
• Goal:
– Collected Systems interoperate together to achieve additional
desired capabilities
• Have communication structure among system
• Types of Systems of Systems
 Types of Systems of Systems
• Virtual
– Lack a central management authority and a centrally agreed-on purpose
• Collaborative
– Interact more or less voluntarily to fulfill agreed-on central purposes
• Acknowledged
– Recognized objectives and a designated resources
• Directed
– Built and centrally managed during long-term operation
 References
[1] Pressman, Roger S. "Software engineering: A professional approach."
(2016).
[2] Sommerville, Ian. "Software engineering 9th Edition." ISBN-10 137035152
(2011).
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