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1.04-1.5 Volume and Density

This document covers the concepts of volume and density, including how to measure both for liquids and solids. It explains the relationship between mass, volume, and density, along with formulas and units used in calculations. Additionally, it discusses methods for measuring irregularly shaped objects and the principles of buoyancy and liquid layering based on density.

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pakhtun251
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24 views37 pages

1.04-1.5 Volume and Density

This document covers the concepts of volume and density, including how to measure both for liquids and solids. It explains the relationship between mass, volume, and density, along with formulas and units used in calculations. Additionally, it discusses methods for measuring irregularly shaped objects and the principles of buoyancy and liquid layering based on density.

Uploaded by

pakhtun251
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Chapter # 01

Measurement
and Units
Unit # 1.04-
•
1.05

Unit outline

Volume
Density
Measuring Volume
Measuring Density
Volume

 Volume is how much space an


object takes up.
 Both liquids and solids have a
volume.
Volume of Liquids

meniscus

37.0 8.6 22.0


Volume of Rectangular Solids

 The most common instruments for measuring the volume of


rectangular solids are rulers and/or meter sticks.
 The formula for volume of a rectangular solid is: V = L x W x H.
 Units are “cubic” units because there are three sides being
multiplied by each other.
 cubic cm or cm³
 cubic m. or m³
 1 cubic centimeter = 1 milliliter
Let’s try it now! – determine the volume of
each illustration on your paper.

V=LxWxH
V=LxWxH V=LxWxH
V=
V = (3cm)(3cm)(3cm) V = (8m)(6m)(3m)
(4cm)(4cm)(10cm)
V = 27.0 cm³ V = 144.0 m³
V = 160.0 cm³
Density
 Density is the amount of matter (stuff) that
occupies a given space.
 In other words, it has to do with BOTH mass and
volume.
 If an object has the same “stuff” in it, but gets
bigger it will be less dense.
 If an object stays the same size, but has more
“stuff” in it, it will be more dense.
Density

Least Dense Most dense


Above, all three objects are the same size, but the one
on the left has much less “stuff” in it than the one in the
middle or the one on the right, so it is least dense.
The one on the right has the most “stuff” (mass) inside it’s
given volume, so it is most dense.
Density
Density describes how much mass is in
a given volume of a material.
Which one is more dense?

WHY???
It has more particles in the
same amount of space
Which one is more dense?
 Now which one is more dense?

WHY???

It has less space for the


same number of particles
Density
 Solids,liquids and
gases are matter, so
they all have density.
 The density of water is
about one gram per
cubic centimeter. Or
1 kilogram per cubic
meter
Density vs. State of Matter
solid liquid gas

most least
density

Solid objects have a lot of “stuff” packed tightly together so, they are most
dense. The particles in gases have a lot of room to move. Osmium is
densistest material.
•The “water rule” – the ONLY exception to this is that water is MOST dense
in its LIQUID state at 4°C. This is due to hydrogen bonding
Regular Water ONLY
Density Density

S L G S L G
What is density?
 Density = mass OR m

volume V

 Units for density: g .


cm3
1cm 3 = 1mL ALWAYS
REMEMBER
UNITS!
Formula
Let’s try density problems together

Frank has a paper clip. It has a


mass of 9g and a volume of 3cm3.
What is its density?

Frank also has an eraser. It has a


mass of 3g, and a volume of 1cm . 3

What is its density?


Mass, Volume, or Density?
 Example: If 25 mL of oil has a density of 2
g/mL, what is its mass?

Mass = D x v
M = 2 g/mL x 25 mL
M= 50 g
Mass, Volume, or Density?
 Example : If a pencil weighs 4 grams and has a
density of 2 g/cm3, what is its volume?

Volume = m
D
V=4g
2 g/cm3

V = 2 cm3
Super Scientist Question of the
Day
 Jake has a book, a ruler, and a balance.
 How can Jake find the density of the book
with the tools he has?
Liquid Layers
 Ifyou pour together liquids that don’t
mix and have different densities, they
will form liquid layers.
 The liquid with the highest density will
be on the bottom.
 The liquid with the lowest density will
be on the top.
 This is called a density column
Liquid Layers

Which liquid has the


highest density?
Which liquid has the
lowest density?
Which liquid has the
middle density?
Density Table
SINK or FLOAT
In Water (D = 1.0
g/cm3)
Float

Float

Float

Sink

Sink

Sink

Float

Float
Ready for some competition?
1-What is the formula for density?
Ans-D=m÷v
2- What are the units for the density of a solid?
Ans- g/cm3
3- What happens if you pour together liquids that
have different densities?
Ans-They form liquid layers
Measuring volume
 RegularShaped Objects
Rectangle : L x W x H

 IrregularShaped Objects
Two Methods
1- Measuring Cylinder
2- Displacement Can/ Eureka Can
Calculating Volume by Measuring
Cylinder
1.Use a graduated cylinder
2.Add water to a predetermined
level - record.
3.Gently drop in the irregularly
shaped object.
4.Read the graduated cylinder –
record.
5.Subtract the first water level
from the second – this is the
volume
Archimedes and the Kings
Crown
• Video: the real story behind
Archimedes by TED-ED
• Video: why do ships float
by aumsum
Volume by displacement: used for solids that are
irregularly shaped.

20.0 mL 25.0 mL
5.0 mL (25 mL – 20 mL)
meniscus
Precautions

• Surface where cylinder is kept should


be smooth
• Line of sight should be perpendicular
to readings
• Gently drop the object into the
cylinder
Float or sink
• Object float or sink depends on the
density as well as up thrust (UPWARD)
force.

• Videos:
• Density by aumsum
• Why does hot air balloon by aumsum
• Conditions for floating by khan
academy
Laws of floatation
Solving Density Problems

Density = M / V

D = 150 g / 10 cm³

D = 15 g/cm³
V=LxWxH

V = (5cm)(1cm)(2cm)

V = 10 cm³
A Density Problem:

Does this help?


Metal Density g/cm3
Aluminum 2.70
Gold 19.30
 You found this ring on the track Copper 8.63
at your school. You wondered Steel 7.87
what it was made of. Silver 10.40
Chromium 7.10
 You calculated it’s density to be
Lead 11.30
approximately 7.9 g/cm3.
 What is it made of?
It is mostly filled with
air, whose density is
very low.
Solving Density Problems

D=M/V

D = 125 g / 50 mL
D = 2.5 g / mL
300
250

Object X

300 mL – 250 mL= 50


mL
Checking Density of Liquid
HYDROMETER
 Is an instrument used to find density of a liquid
 When the density of liquid is compared to water
it can tell the specific gravity (relative density) as
well.
 A hydrometer is design to float in a liquid
substance, the scale on the stem displays the
density of required liquid.
 Video : Specific density hydrometer by lystusg
roup
Checking Density of Liquid
Working of HYDROMETER

 It is made with calibrated glass tube


 It has a bulb weighted at the bottom with lead or
steel shoot, and filled with air to stand upright when
placed in liquid
 The hydrometer will sink in order to display the
density on the scale.
 The lower the density of the liquid it is placed into, the
deeper the tube sink.
Exit Ticket

Two cylinders are made up of same materials.


Both cylinders have same area but one is
longer than other . Which quantity is same for
both;
a-mass
b-density
c-volume
Answer: Density

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