MA4151 – Applied Probability and Statistics for

Computer Science Engineering / MCA

Unit - II
Probability and Random Variables

Binomial Distribution Problems:

1) I) The Mean & S.D of binomial distribution are 5 and 2. Determine the distribution.
ii) Find the binomial distribution for which the mean is 4 and variance is 3.
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2) Check Binomial distribution or not?

Check whether the following data follow a binomial distribution or not
Mean =3, variance =4,
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3) Find Mean and Variance of Binomial Distribution.

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4) Find the Moment Generating Function (MGF) of a binomial distribution.

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5) Binomial Distribution Problems:

i) 10 coins are thrown simultaneously. Find the probability of getting atleast 7 heads.
ii) 6 dice are thrown 729 times. Howmany times do you expect atleast three dice to show
a five or six?
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6) 4 coins were tossed simultaneously. What is the probability that of getting i) 2 heads, ii)
Atleast 2 heads, iii) atmost 2 heads.
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7) In a large consignment of electric bulbs 10% are defective. A random sample of 20 is

taken for inspection. Find the probability that, i) All are good bulbs, ii) Atmost there are
3 defective bulbs, iii) Exactly there are 3 defective bulbs.
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8) I) A perfect cubic die is thrown a large number of times is sets of 8. The presence of a 5
or 6 is treated as a success. In what percentage of the sets can we expect 3 success.
 ii) Five fair coins are flipped. If the outcomes are assumed independent find the
probability mass function of the number of heads obtained.
iii) The mean and variance of binomial distribution are 8 & 6. Find 𝑃 𝑋 ≥ 2 .
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Poisson Distribution Problems:

1) Find Mean and variance of Poisson distribution:

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2) Find MGF of Poisson Distribution:

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3) Poisson Distribution Problems:

1) Writedown the probability mass function of the poisson distribution which is
approximately equivalent to 𝐵 100, 0,02 .
2) If 3% of the electric bulbs manufactured by a company are defective, find the
probability that in a sample of 100 bulbs exactly 5 bulbs are defective.
𝑒 −3 = 0.0498.
3) If it is known from the post experience that in certain plant there are on the average
4 industrial accidents. Find the probability that in a given year there will be less
than 4 accidents.
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Geometric Distribution Problems:

1) Find Mean and variance of Geometric Distribution:

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2) To find MGF of Geometric Distribution:

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Uniform Distribution Problems:

1) Find Mean and variance of Uniform Distribution:

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2) Find MGF of Uniform Distribution:

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Exponential Distribution Problems:

 1) To find MGF of Exponential Distribution:
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2) Find Mean and variance of Exponential Distribution:

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Gamma Distribution Problems:

1) To find MGF of Gamma Distribution:

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2) Find Mean and Variance of Gamma Distribution:

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Normal Distribution Problems:

1) To find MGF of Normal Distribution:

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2) Find Mean and Variance of Normal distribution:

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Probability & Random Variables Topics:

1) Probability and random variables formulae 1 :

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2) Preparation for Unit II:

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2 Mark Questions:

1) Unit -2 Probability and Random variables – part 1

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2) Unit 2 – Probability and Random variables: -part 2

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3) Binomial Distribution problems:

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4) Poisson Distribution problems:

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5) Geometric Distribution problems:

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6) Uniform Distribution Problems:

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7) Exponential Distribution problem:

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8) Normal Distribution problems:

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Part - II
Conditional Probability Problems:

1) Class -1 Probability: All Basic Definitions

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2) Class -2 Axioms of Probabiliy: - Theormes and Results

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3) Class -3 Axioms of Probability:

i) Find the probability that exactly one head appears in a single throw of a fair
coin.
ii) If two dice are rolled, what is the probability that the sum of the upturned faces
will be equal to 7.
iii) From a pack of 52 cards two cards are drawn the first being replaced before the
second is drawn. Find the probability that the first one is a diamond and second
is a king.
iv) A bag contains 5 white & 10 red balls . Three balls are taken. Find the
probability that all the three balls drawn red.
v) If 3 balls are randomly drawn from a bowl consisting 6 white and 5 black balls.
What is the probability than one of the drawn balls is white and the other two
balls?
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4) Class 4 – Mutually Exclusive Events – Definitions & Problems:

 i) One card is drawn from a pack of 52 cards. What is the probability that is
either a king or a queen.
ii) From a group of 5 first year, 4 second year and 4 final year students, 3 students
are selected at random. What is the probability that they are first year or final
year students.
iii) A bag contains 30 balls numbered from 1 to 30. One ball is drawn at random.
Find the probability that the number of the ball drawn will be multiple of a) 5
or 7 b)3 0r 7.
iv) What is the probability of picking a card that red or black.
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5) Class 5 – Two Mark Questions:

I) Define Random variables,
ii) Define Discrete random variables with Examples,
iii) Define Continuous random variables with Examples.
iv)Define Probability Mass function
v)Define cumulative distribution function of a discrete random variables x.
vi)Define Mean or Expected value of a discrete random variables.
vii) Define Expectation of random variables.
viii)Define nth moment about origin for a random variables.
ix)Define Moment Generating Function.
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6) Class 6 – Conditional Probability Definitions and Results:

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7) Class – 7: Conditional Probability problems:

When two dice are thrown (or a die is thrown twice). Let A be the event that
the sum of the points of the faces is odd and B is the event that atleast one number is
2. Find the probabilities of the following i) A, ii)B, iii) 𝐴−, iv) 𝐵−, v) 𝐴 ∩ 𝐵, vi)
𝐴 ∪ 𝐵, vii) 𝐴− ∩ 𝐵, viii) 𝐴 ∩ 𝐵− , ix) 𝐴− ∩ 𝐵−, x) 𝐴− ∪ 𝐵, xi) 𝐴 ∩ 𝐵−, xii) 𝐴− ∪ 𝐵−
xiii)𝐴 𝐵, xiv) 𝐵 𝐴.
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8) Find Conditional probability:

𝑥
If the p.d.f of a random variable x is 𝑓 𝑥 = , in 0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 2. Find
2
1.5
𝑃 𝑋> >1 .
𝑋
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9) 2 Mark Question:
A lot of integrated cricket chips consists of 10 good 4 with minor defects and 2 with
major defects. Two chips are randomly chosen from the lot. What is the probability
that atleast one chip is good?
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10) I) Among the workers in a factory only 30% receive a bonus. Among those receiving
the bonus only 20% are skilled. What is the probability of a randomly selected worker
who is skilled and receiving bonus.

ii) Two manufacturing plants produce similar parts. Plant 1 produces 1,000
parts, 100 of which are defective. Plant II produces 2,000 parts, 150 of which are
defective. A part is selected at random and found to be defective. What is the
probability that it come for plant 1.

iii) A bag contains 5 red & 3 green balls and a second bag 4 red & 5 green balls.
One of the bags is selected at random and draw of 2 balls is made from it. What is the
probability that one of them is red the other is green.
iv)Find the probability of drawing two red balls in succession from
a) The ball that is drawn first is replaced.
b) It is not replaced.
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11) Conditional probability vs Binomial distribution:

If X and Y are independent poisson distribution random variable, show that the
conditional distribution of X is given X+Y is a binomial distribution.
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12) The weakly wages of 1000 workmen are normally distributed around a mean of Rs.
70 and with standard deviation of Rs. 5 . Estimate the number of workers whose weakly
wages will be between Rs. 69 and Rs. 72; less than Rs.69; more than Rs 72.
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13) Baye’s Theorem:

The Contents of Urns I, II, III are as follows;
1 white, 2 black & 3 red balls; 2 white, 1 black & 1 red balls, 4 white, 5 black & 3 red
balls one urn is chosen at random and two balls drawn from it. They happen to be
white and red. What is the probability that they come from Urns I, II and III?
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14) Given the following probability distribution of X compute i) 𝐸(𝑋), ii) 𝐸(𝑋 2 ), iii)
𝐸 2𝑋 ± 3 , iv) var 2𝑋 ± 3 ,
 X -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3
P(x) 0.05 010 0.30 0 0.30 0.15 0.10

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𝑥, 0 < 𝑥 ≤ 1,
15) For the triangular Distribution 2 − 𝑥, 1 ≤ 𝑥 < 2. Find the mean, variance.
0, 𝑜𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑤𝑖𝑠𝑒
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16) If X represents the outcome, when a fair die is tossed, find the MGF of ‘x’ and hence
find 𝐸 𝑋 and 𝑣𝑎𝑟[𝑋].
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17) A random variable ‘X’ has the following probability function

Values of X 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Probability p(x) a 3a 5a 7a 9a 11a 13a 15a 17a
Determine the value of ‘a’.
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18) Find C.D.F

Given the pdf of a continuous random variables ‘X’ as follows;
6𝑥 𝑥 − 1 , 0<𝑥<1
𝑓 𝑥 = . Find C.D.F for ‘X’.
0, 𝑜𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑤𝑖𝑠𝑒
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19) Class 8: Not Mutually Exclusive Events:

I) A coin is biased so that a head is twice as likely to occur as a tail. If the coin is
tossed 3 times, what is the probability of getting 2 tails and 1 head.
II) A can hit a target in 4 out of 5 shots and B can hit a target in 3 out of 4 shots.
Find the probability that, i) The target being hit when both try, ii) The targelt
being hit by exactly one person.
III) In a cetain group of computer personnel, 65% have insufficient knowledge of
hardware, 45% have inadequate idea of software and 70% are in either one or
both of two categories. What is the percentage of people who know software
among those who have a sufficient knowledge of hardware?
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