Sumit Gupta et al.

, IJSRR 2019, 8(2), 75-84

Research article Available online www.ijsrr.org ISSN: 2279–0543

International Journal of Scientific Research and Reviews

Load Flow Analysis Using MI Power Softwa

Sweta Shah1 and Sumit Gupta2*

Indus University Ahmedabad Indus University Ahmedabad Student (M-TECH EPS)

Email:[email protected], [email protected]*

ABSTRACT
The paper helps to know the basic of Optimal Load Flow Analysis of power system. Load
Flow Analysis are used to validate that the power transfer from generators to consumers through the
grid system is stable, reliable and economical. Load flow analysis is very useful for stabilityanalysis,
future expansion planning and in determining the best economical operation for existing systems.
Load flow analysis also helpful for now the proper setting of the protection devices. Power system
analysis also help to ensure to know that the safe operation of cables, transformer, transmission lines
and other components of power system. Various data of power system like active power, reactive
power,load angle, power factor, thermal limit are has to be known.
KEYWORDS: Load flow analysis, contingency analysis, line loading, power system operation.

*Corresponding author:
Sumit Gupta
Indus University Ahmedabad Indus University
Ahmedabad Student (M-TECH EPS)
Email: [email protected]

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1.INTRDUCTION
A well-designed system saves on cost in implementing and maintenance. The primary tools
for analysis for steady state operation is so called power flow analysis or Load flow studies where
the voltage and power flow through the system is determined1. Another very popular steady state
analysis tool is the short circuit analysis for determining the fault current through system. Load flow
analysis helps us to determine flows of power in system during normal and emergency conditions
and study the transient behaviour of the system resulting from fault conditions and switching
operations.A power system is "secure" when it can withstand the loss of one or more elements and
still continue operation without major problems.

OBJECTIVES OF POWER SYSTEM STUDY

 Power flow analysis is very important in planning stages of new networks or addition to
existing ones like adding new generator sites, meeting increase load demand and locating
new transmission sites.
 It is helpful in determining the best location as well as optimal capacity of proposed
generating station, substation and new lines.
 The line status should be known. The line should be not overvoltage it means it should not
operate near the thermal limit or closed to stability.

2. LOAD FLOW ANALYSIS

Power flow analysis is the backbone of power system analysis and design. The most
important information is known from the load flow is the voltage profile in the system If voltage
variesin the system, large reactive power due to which there is increase in real power loss and in
some extreme cases voltage collapse2.If due to demand increase additional lines is to be required a
load flow analysis is help how it will relieve overload adjacent lines. With the help of load flow
analysis one can also know the study performance of the Transformer, Transmission line, and
Generator at steady state3. For load flow analysis there are various methods like N-R METHOD,
GAUSS-SIEDEL METHOD, FAST ECOUPLE LOAD FLOW METHOD, among this we are using
the N-R METHOD which has the below benefits among the other methods.

LOAD FLOW TECHNIQUES

Gauss-Siedel Method Newton-Raphson Method Fast Decoupled Load Flow

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Advantages of N-R METHOD

 One of the fastest method convergences to the root
 Easy to convert to multiple dimensions
 More accurate and not sensitive to the factors such like slack bus selection, regulation
transformers etc. and the number of iterations required in this method is almost independent
of system size

Figure:1 Load flow studies method

3. MI POWER SOFTWARE
Mi Power is a highly interactive, user friendly windows-based Power System Analysis
package. It includes a set of modules for performing a wide range of power system design and
analysis study4. By using the MI-power software we can able to do VARIOUS ANALYSIS FOR
POWER SYSTEM like fault analysis,Contingency analysis,Power flow analysis/load flow analysis,
Frequency analysis, Protection coordination and others.

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4.SYSTEM UNDER SYUDY

Figure:2 shows the single line diagram of the system under study in MI Power software.

Table:1 Load Details

LOAD DETAILS
BUS NO MW MVAR
BUS 2 21.7 12.7
BUS 3 94.2 19.00
BUS 4 47.8 3.9
BUS 5 7.6 1.6
BUS 6 11.2 7.5
BUS 9 29.5 16.6
BUS 10 9.0 5.8
BUS 11 3.5 1.8
BUS 12 6.1 1.6
BUS 13 13.5 5.8
BUS 14 14.9 5.0

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Numbers of components
Sr no DESCRIPTION No
1 Bus Number Used 14
2 Transmission Lines 20
3 Generator 3
4 Loads 12
Table: 2 components details

BUS NO. KV BUS NO. KV

1 220 10 220
2 220 11 220
3 220 12 220
4 220 13 220
5 220 14 220
6 220
7 220
8 220
9 220
Table: 3 Bus voltage details

The effective and most reliable amongst the three load flow methods is the Newton-Raphson method because
it converges fast and is more accurate. In the load flow analysis methods simulated, the tolerance values used
for simulation are 0.001 and 0.1.
5. RESULT FILE
Table: 4 BUS VOLTAGE AND POWER WITHOUT ANY CONTIGENCY

BUS VOLTAGE AND POWER WITHOUT ANY CONTIGENCY

Bus Voltage Generation Load
Bus
Magnitude Phase Angle Real Reactive Real Reactive
No.
Per Unit Degrees MW MVAR MW MVAR
1 1 0 303.126 200.285 0 0
2 0.6338 -915.24 40 977.19 28.544 16.705
3 0.1027 228.51 0 22.826 9.549 1.926
4 -0.0256 -3309.17 0 0 2.539 -0.207
5 -0.0011 -311.55 0 0 -0.12 -0.025
6 -0.0125 -1388.17 0 0 -0.241 0.161
7 -0.0029 -1280.25 0 0 0 0
8 -0.0029 -1280.25 0 0 0 0
9 -0.0584 -1735.4 0 0 -3.136 1.765
10 0 -1823.22 0 0 0 0
11 -0.0062 163.31 0 0 -0.029 -0.015
12 0.0019 -869.6 0 0 0.006 0.002
13 0.0002 -1794.86 0 0 -0.006 -0.003
14 0.0089 -943.23 0 0 0.619 0.208

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Table: 5 BUS VOLTAGE AND POWER WITH CONTIGENCY WHEN GENERATOR 1 IS OPEN

BUS VOLTAGE AND POWER WITH CONTIGENCY WHEN GENERATOR 1 IS OPEN

Bus Voltage Generation Load
Bus
Magnitude Phase Angle Real Reactive Real Reactive
No.
Per Unit Degrees MW MVAR MW MVAR
1 0.8052 -2.48 0 0 0 0
2 1 0 278.444 262.546 21.7 12.7
3 0.5977 -26.28 0 24.94 89.573 18.067
4 0.518 -17.73 0 0 41.539 3.389
5 0.6129 -6.47 0 0 7.023 1.478
6 0.1754 -14.55 0 0 3.659 2.45
7 0.3714 -21.1 0 0 0 0
8 0.3714 -21.1 0 0 0 0
9 0.2246 -25.88 0 0 15.21 8.559
10 0.1794 -22.39 0 0 4.393 2.831
11 0.17 -22.73 0 0 1.44 0.741
12 0 -64.88 0 0 0 0
13 -0.0001 -55.18 0 0 -0.002 -0.001
14 0 -70.41 0 0 0.002 0.001

Table: 6 BUS VOLTAGE AND POWER WITH ANY CONTIGENCY WHEN LINE 1-2 OPEN

BUS VOLTAGE AND POWER WITH ANY CONTIGENCY WHEN LINE 1-2 OPEN

Bus Voltage Generation Load

Bus
Magnitude Phase Angle Real Reactive Real Reactive
No.
Per Unit Degrees MW MVAR MW MVAR
1 1 0 114.073 234.035 0 0
2 2.902 107138.6 40 340.47 55.812 32.664
3 3.0994 105526.6 0 3098.696 2385.045 481.06
4 2.7022 133386.8 0 0 11.454 0.935
5 1.0354 45045.91 0 0 -0.1 -0.021
6 -1.233 129871.3 0 0 9.799 6.562
7 -3.9145 6415.1 0 0 0 0
8 -0.9141 6145.11 0 0 0 0
9 0.6095 12059.45 0 0 29.5 16.6
10 3.2485 716.46 0 0 9 5.8
11 0.5582 -5308.6 0 0 3.5 1.8
12 1.1745 130531.4 0 0 1.439 0.377
13 -0.0165 24671 0 0 -0.254 -0.109
14 0.0961 14066.71 0 0 5.124 1.719

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Table: 7 LINE FLOW AND LINE LOSSES WITH CONTIGENCY LINE1-2 OPEN

LINE FLOW AND LINE LOSSES WITH CONTIGENCY LINE1-2 OPEN

FORWARD Loss
SR No. FROM Real Reactive Real Reactive
TO NODE
NODE MW MVAR MW MVAR
1 BUS 1 BUS 2 LINE IS OPEN
2 BUS 2 BUS 3 2260.177 3869.126 4075.205 8297.273
3 BUS 2 BUS 4 1154.827 -63.267 271.4895 552.763
4 BUS 1 BUS 5 -140.365 149.284 71.7703 146.1271
5 BUS 2 BUS 5 1385.428 2595.702 1757.069 3577.459
6 BUS 3 BUS 4 584.258 4323.327 3386.545 6895.136
7 BUS 4 BUS 5 1485.64 1992.248 1445.766 2943.635
8 BUS 5 BUS 6 -190.502 144.128 90.9881 185.2552
9 BUS 4 BUS 7 -1080.48 -256.872 288.7302 587.8657
10 BUS 7 BUS 8 -0.253 0.58 0 0.001
11 BUS 4 BUS 9 396.3 1288.293 501.0.334 1020.123
12 BUS7 BUS 9 1736.786 2931.942 1295.407 2637.497
13 BUS 9 BUS 10 243.186 555.429 1691.728 3444.422
14 BUS 6 BUS 11 94.406 192.715 51.7759 105.4177
15 BUS 6 BUS 12 -34.588 662.56 494.8986 1007.632
16 BUS 6 BUS 13 177.199 348.873 172.1127 350.428
17 BUS 9 BUS 14 54.367 94.995 55.126 112.2386
18 BUS 10 BUS 11 799.417 2684.56 1270.823 2587.444
19 BUS12 BUS 13 157.355 324.346 161.0.222 327.8473
20 BUS 13 BUS 14 -0.242 -0.242 0.7338 1.4939

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Table: 8LINE FLOW AND LINE LOSSES WITHOUT CONTIGENCY

LINE FLOW AND LINE LOSSES WITHOUT CONTIGENCY

FORWARD Loss
SR No. Real Reactive Real Reactive
FROM NODE TO NODE
MW MVAR MW MVAR
1 BUS 1 BUS 2 82.744 70.98 20.3143 41.3608
2 BUS 2 BUS 3 62.463 93.03 53.4213 108.7677
3 BUS 2 BUS 4 43.728 96.711 47.9284 97.5841
4 BUS 1 BUS 5 113.966 231.57 113.8615 231.8264
5 BUS 2 BUS 5 45.855 93.005 45.7479 93.1455
6 BUS 3 BUS 4 1.877 2.458 1.5509 3.1577
7 BUS 4 BUS 5 0.07 0.158 0.0777 0.1581
8 BUS 5 BUS 6 -0.002 -0.003 0.0148 0.0302
9 BUS 4 BUS 7 0.093 0.157 0.0867 0.1765
10 BUS 7 BUS 8 0 0 0 0
11 BUS 4 BUS 9 -0.058 0.515 0.6985 1.4221
12 BUS7 BUS 9 0.042 -0.014 0.3927 0.7906
13 BUS 9 BUS 10 0.388 0.791 0.3883 0.7906
14 BUS 6 BUS 11 0.004 0.051 0.0287 0.0584
15 BUS 6 BUS 12 0.017 0.03 0.013 0.0266
16 BUS 6 BUS 13 0.018 0.037 0.0181 0.0369
17 BUS 9 BUS 14 0.52 0.771 0.4333 0.8822
18 BUS 10 BUS 11 0 0 0.0044 0.009
19 BUS12 BUS 13 0 0.001 0.0005 0.001
20 BUS 13 BUS 14 0 0 0.0092 0.0187

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LINE FLOW AND LINE LOSSES WITH CONTIGENCY GENERATOR 1

FORWARD Loss
SR No. Real Reactive Real Reactive
FROM NODE TO NODE
MW MVAR MW MVAR
1 BUS 1 BUS 2 -25.06 -32.172 4.484 9.1296
2 BUS 2 BUS 3 114.022 77.331 32.444 66.058
3 BUS 2 BUS 4 94.127 99.348 32.015 65.1837
4 BUS 1 BUS 5 25.709 32.232 4.481 9.1235
5 BUS 2 BUS 5 60.456 82.672 17.9299 36.506
6 BUS 3 BUS 4 -4.837 17.066 1.5052 3.0646
7 BUS 4 BUS 5 -19.243 -2.915 2.4132 4.9134
8 BUS 5 BUS 6 34.099 60.587 21.9971 44.877
9 BUS 4 BUS 7 11.284 16.362 2.5169 5.1244
10 BUS 7 BUS 8 0 0 0 0
11 BUS 4 BUS 9 21.23 33.58 10.0559 20.4742
12 BUS7 BUS 9 7.846 11.907 2.5196 5.129
13 BUS 9 BUS 10 0.591 2.641 0.2484 0.5057
14 BUS 6 BUS 11 1.125 -0.191 0.0723 0.1473
15 BUS 6 BUS 12 3.499 7.125 3.4994 7.1249
16 BUS 6 BUS 13 3.499 7.128 3.5014 7.129
17 BUS 9 BUS 14 5.734 11.67 5.7314 11.6695
18 BUS 10 BUS 11 0.236 0.373 0.0103 0.021
19 BUS12 BUS 13 0 0 0 0
20 BUS 13 BUS 14 0 0 0 0
Table: 9 LINE FLOW AND LINE LOSSES WIH CONTIGENCY GENERATOR 1

Table :10 LINES LOADING DETAILS

LINES LOADING DETAILS

LINE % WITHOUT ANY WITH CONTIGENCY WITH CONTIGENCY
CONTINGENCY WHEN LINE 1-2 OPEN WHEN GENERATR 1
OPEN
NUMBER OF LINE LOADED BEYOND 1 11 2
125%
NUMBER OF LINE LOADED BETWEEN 1 0 1
100% AND 125%
NUMBER OF LINE LOADED BETWEEN 8 4 4
75% AND 100%
NUMBER OF LINE LOADED BETWEEN 4 3 3
50% AND 75%
NUMBER OF LINE LOADED BETWEEN 2 1 6
25% AND 50%
NUMBER OF LINE LOADED BETWEEN 3 1 3
1% AND 25%
NUMBER OF LINE LOADED BETWEEN 1 0 1
0% AND 1%

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CONCLUSION
This paper represents the load flow analysis by Newton Raphson flow techniques using MI
power software which reduced the number of iterations. The software helps to analyse power system
operation in an efficient manner and leads the system to effective utilization of power and voltage.
Simulation analysis of diagram gives details of system parameters which is highly influence stability
and reliability. From the results file we can observe that due to contingency the line loading are
changes and power flow also change. Hence this study is very important for power system and
analysis.

REFERENCES
1. P. S. Bhowmik, D. V. Rajan, and S. P. Bose “Load Flow Analysis: An Overview” World
Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology 2012; 63.
2. SandeepKaur, Amarbir Singh, Dr. Raja Singh Khela, Jasdev Singh Sandhu, “Load Flow
Analysis of IEEE-3 bus system by using Mipower Software”, International Journal of
Engineering Research and Technology, March-2015; 4(03).
3. https://file.scirp.org/Html/7-6201867_60124.html
4. http://www.prdcinfotech.com/business/software-engineering-group/software-
products/mipower/mipower-applications/
5. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power-flow_study

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