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Integrity Constraint

Integrity constraints are rules that ensure the accuracy and consistency of data in a database. Different key attributes include primary key constraints, unique key constraints, foreign key constraints, NOT NULL constraints, check constraints, and default constraints, each serving specific purposes in data validation and relationships. These constraints help maintain data integrity by enforcing unique values, relationships between tables, and specific conditions for data entry.

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2 views

Integrity Constraint

Integrity constraints are rules that ensure the accuracy and consistency of data in a database. Different key attributes include primary key constraints, unique key constraints, foreign key constraints, NOT NULL constraints, check constraints, and default constraints, each serving specific purposes in data validation and relationships. These constraints help maintain data integrity by enforcing unique values, relationships between tables, and specific conditions for data entry.

Uploaded by

kuchbhiyarr888
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Q2. What is Integrity Constraint. Explain different key attribute.?

Integrity constraints are rules that help to maintain the accuracy and consistency of data in a
database. They can be used to enforce business rules or to ensure that data is entered correctly.
1. Primary Key Constraints
A primary key constraint (also known as a "primary key") is a type of key constraint that
requires every value in a given column to be unique. In other words, no two rows in a table can
have the same value for their primary key column(s).

Sql> CREATE TABLE Student(


Std_Enroll_No int(10) PRIMARY KEY,
Std_Name char(20),
Class int(5),
Address varchar(20)
);
2. Unique Key Constraints

A unique key constraint is a column or set of columns that ensures that the values stored in the
column are unique. A table can have more than one unique key constraint, unlike the primary
key. A unique key column can contain NULL values. Like primary keys, unique keys can be
made up of a single column or multiple columns.

Sql> CREATE TABLE Student(


Std_Enroll_No int(10) PRIMARY KEY,
Std_Name char(20),
Class int(5),
Address varchar(20)
);

3. Foreign Key Constraints

A foreign key constraint defines a relationship between two tables. A foreign key in one table
references a primary key in another table. Foreign keys prevent invalid data from being
inserted into the foreign key column. Foreign keys can reference a single column or multiple
columns.

Sql> CREATE TABLE Student(


Std_Enroll_No int(10) PRIMARY KEY,
Std_Name char(20),
Class int(5),
Address varchar(20)
);
Sql> CREATE TABLE Faculty(
F_Id int(10) PRIMARY KEY
Std_Enroll_No int(10) REFERENCES Student,
F_Name char(20) Class int(5),
Address varchar(20)
);

4. NOT NULL Constraints

A NOT NULL constraint is used to ensure that no row can be inserted into the table without a
value being specified for the column(s) with this type of constraint. Thus, every row must have
a non-NULL value for these columns.

Sql> CREATE TABLE Student(


Std_Enroll_No int(10),
Std_Name char(20) NOT NULL,
Class int(5),
Address varchar(20)
);

5. Check Constraints

A check constraint enforces data integrity by allowing you to specify conditions that must be
met for data to be inserted into a column. For example, you could use a check constraint to
ensure that only positive integer values are inserted into a particular column. Check constraints
are usually used in combination with other constraints (such as NOT NULL constraints) to
enforce more complex rules.

Sql> CREATE TABLE Student(


Std_Enroll_No int(10),
Std_Name char(20),
Age int(5) CHECK(Age>=21);
Address varchar(20)
);

6. Default Constraint: A Default constraint is used to store ‘default Value’ if user does not
filled or store any value.
Sql> CREATE TABLE Student(
Std_Enroll_No int(10),
Std_Name char(20) NOT NULL,
Class int(5),
Address varchar(20) DEFAULT ‘Indore’;
);

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