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Permutations and combinations

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Permutations and combinations

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9/30/21, 11:39 AM Study content for JEE Main - Permutations and combinations | LMS

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Permutations and Combinations are concerned with determining the number of different ways of arranging and selecting objects out of a given
↑↓ ↑↓
number of objects, without actually listing them. These are generally referred to as “PnC”. This chapter is all about logic and “counting”. PnC
tests your ability to observe the pattern, your mathematical reasoning, and creativity. From the exam point of view, PnC is one of the important
chapters. Concepts of Permutations and combinations are mostly used while solving the problems from probability. The problems of probability
are no longer as simple as they used to be in elementary standards. However, if you have a command on Permutations and combinations, the
chapter probability will be a piece of cake for you.

In this chapter, we are going to study the concepts and Applications of Permutations and combinations.

Following are the sub-topics that we are going to study:

1] Fundamental Principle of Counting:

OR Rule

AND Rule

2] Permutations:

Introduction

Derivation of Number of Ways of Permutations

Various applications of Permutations - Practice session

Geometrical Arrangements

Text Various applications of Geometrical Arrangements - Practice session

Permutation of Identical Objects

Various applications of Permutation of Identical Objects - Practice session

Rank of a word

3] Combinations:

Introduction

Number of ways of Combinations

Derivation of Number of ways of Combination

Permutations Vs Combinations

Various Applications of Combinations - Practice session

Number of Solutions(Whole/ Natural/ Odd/ Even) of equation [a+b+c = N]

4] Grouping

5] Distribution

6] Derangements

Book Mathematics Textbook for Class VII - Page no: , Line No: , Para:

Mathematics for Joint Entrance Examination JEE (Advanced) : Algebra - Page no: , Line No: , Para:

Description

Question

Video

1/30) Concept title INTRODUCTION (92337)

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Fundamental principle of counting is a rule used to find the total number of outcomes possible in a given situation. Fundamental principle of
↑↓ ↑↓
counting can be classified into two types

1. Principle of multiplication (AND rule)

2. Principle of addition (OR rule)

Principle of multiplication:

If a certain work A can be done in m ways and following the work A another work B can be done in n ways, then the number of ways of doing
both the works are mxn ways.

For example, let's say a person wants to travel from Noida to Gurgaon, it is given that the person can travel from Noida to New Delhi in 3
different ways and from New Delhi to Gurgaon in 5 different ways and he can’t travel directly from Noida to Gurgaon, he has to go via New
Delhi.
Text
So, in this case, he has two events, first traveling to New Delhi from Noida (event A) and then from New Delhi to Gurgaon (event B followed by
event A), as he can see for each 3 different ways of reaching New Delhi, he has 5 different ways to reach Gurgaon, so in that way, he has a total
of 3×5 = 15 different ways to reach Gurgaon from Noida.

Principal of addition:

Let A can occur in m ways and B can occur in n ways and both cannot occur simultaneously(in other ways we can say A and B are independent
events) Then A or B can occur in (m + n) ways.

For example, let’s say that a person can travel from New Delhi to Noida in 3 ways and from New Delhi to Gurgaon in 5 different ways, then the
total number of ways the person can reach Noida or Gurgaon will be 3 + 5 ways, as he has all the possibilities open for himself.

Book Mathematics Textbook for Class VII - Page no: , Line No: , Para:

Mathematics Textbook for Class XI - Page no: 136, Line No: 4, Para:

In fact, the problems of the above types are solved by applying the following principle known as the fundamental principle of counting, or, simply, the
multiplication principle, which states that “If an event can occur in m different ways, following which another event can occur in n different ways, then
the total number of occurrence of the events in the given order is m×n.”

Algebra (Arihant) - Page no: 360, Line No: 8, Para:

Multiplication principal

If an operation can be performed in 'm' different ways, following which a second operation can be performed in 'n' different ways, then the two
operation in succession can be performed in ways.

Mathematics for Joint Entrance Examination JEE (Advanced) : Algebra - Page no: 7.1, Line No: 1, Para:

Fundamental principle of counting

Description

Question
An institute offers five types of hobby classes in morning and three types of hobby classes in evening . Then the number of ways in which a student
can join exactly one hobby class is

(18446)
A 6

B 7

C 8

D 9

As we have learned

Sum Rule of Association -

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Let A can occurs in m ways and B can occurs in n ways and both cannot occur simultaneously. Then A or B can occurs in (m + n) ways.

- wherein

A or B means at least one of them.

Either student will join in morning or evening , but not simuntaneously both

No. of ways in which he can join in morning is 5

no. of ways he can join in evening is 3

Total no. of ways = 5+3 = 8

In the given figure , a person is standing at station A and he has t ogo to station C , then the number of ways in which he can reach from A to C is

(18447)
A 10

B 11

C 12

D 7

As we have learned

Product Rule of Association -

If a certain work A can be done in m ways and another work B in n ways, then the number of ways of doing both the works is mn ways.

- wherein

A and B both doing.

Person will reach from A to C , when he firstly goes from A to B and then from B to C

so both works are to be done

Required no. of ways

= (no. of ways of going from A to B )

* (no. of ways of going from B to C )

= 4 * 3 = 12

Three people A , B , C have to deliver a guest lecture , one by one . Then the number of ways in which it can be done is

(18448)
A 4

B 6

C 3

D 1

As we have learned

Counting -

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The total number of arrangement of n different things: 3 letter ABC.

Ex. ABC BAC CAB

ACB BCA CBA

Hence, Total number of arrangements = 6

- wherein

Take all possible conditions.

They can deliver lecture in following sequences , which is actually linear arrangement of A , B and C i.e

ABC , ACB , BCA , BAC , CAB , CBA

Let and be defined as

Then the number of possible functions such that gof =f is:

(117220)
A

If x is even

If x is odd

Now,

g(x) will always give even number irrespective of value of x

{2, 4, 6, 8, 10}

Video

2/30) Concept title FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLE OF COUNTING (92339)

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Permutation basically means the arrangement of things. And when we talk about arrangement then the order becomes important if the things to
↑↓ ↑↓
be arranged are different from each other (when things to be arranged are the same then order don’t have any role to play). So in permutations
order of arrangement becomes important.

Arranging n objects taken r at a time is equivalent to filling r places from n things.

So the number of ways of filling n places with r objects = n(n - 1) (n - 2) ... (n - r + 1)

Where

The number of ways arranging n different objects taken all at a time = .

Text

Example: In how many ways can 5 people be seated at 3 places?

Solution: basically this question is about arranging 5 people at 3 different places, let’s think that we are given 3 places so for the first place we
have 5 people to choose from, hence this can be done in 5 ways as all 5 are available and none of them are selected initially, now for 2nd place
we have 4 people to choose from, hence this can be done in 4 ways and similarly for 3rd place we have 3 choices. Since we have to choose all 3
people from 5 simultaneously, so the total number of ways 5×4×3=120,

this can be done directly from the notation or formula

Example: Find the number of ways the letters of the word “BIRTHDAY” can be arranged taken all at a time.

Solution: From the above concept directly using the formula we have

Book Mathematics Textbook for Class VII - Page no: , Line No: , Para:

Mathematics Textbook for Class XI - Page no: 139, Line No: 20, Para:

Factorial notation :

The notation n! represents the product of first n natural

numbers, i.e., the product 1 × 2 × 3 × . . . × (n – 1) × n is denoted as n!.

Algebra (Arihant) - Page no: 360, Line No: 52, Para:

Let n be a positive integer. Then, the continued product of first 'n' natural numbers is called factorial n, to be denoted by n!

Mathematics for Joint Entrance Examination JEE (Advanced) : Algebra - Page no: 7.6, Line No: 12, Para:

Factorial Notation

Description

Question
The sum of the digits in the unit’s place of all the 4-digit numbers formed by using the numbers 3, 4, 5 and 6, without repetition,is :

(3580)
A 432

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B 108

C 36

D 18

As we have learned

The Number of ways of Arrangement of objects -

The number of ways of n different objects taken all at a time

- wherein

Where 0! = 1

NO. of 4 digits number formed = 4 !

Now each digit contributes equal no . of times at unit place so 4! /4 = 3 ! is the no. of times

Each digit appears at unit place

So sum = 3! (3+4+5+6)

= 6 * 18

= 108

Using all digits from 0 to 9, how many 5 digit numbers can be formed? Repetition is allowed.

(96353)
A 105

B 9×8×7×6×5

C 90,000

D 95

PERMUTATION AS AN ARRANGEMENT -

Permutation basically means the arrangement of things. And when we talk about arrangement then the order becomes important if the things to be
arranged are different from each other (when things to be arranged are the same then order don’t have any role to play). So in permutations order of
arrangement becomes important.

Arranging n objects taken r at a time is equivalent to filling r places from n things.

So the number of ways of filling n places with r objects = n(n - 1) (n - 2) ... (n - r + 1)

Where

The number of ways arranging n different objects taken all at a time = .

The trick is to realize that a number can not start with a zero!

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Now, there are 105 ways in which the digits 0-9 can be chosen for the five places of a five digit number. Out of these, 104 start with zero (once we
start with 0, there are only 4 slots to fill, where we have 10 choices each).

So, the number of possible five digit numbers is

105−104=9×104=90000

These are the numbers 10000 to 99999. We could, of course, just have counted them to get 99999−10000+1=90000

The number of 4 letter words (with or without meaning ) that can be formed from the eleven letters of the word 'EXAMINATION' is _________,

(98024)
A

PERMUTATION AS AN ARRANGEMENT -

Arranging n objects taken r at a time is equivalent to filling r places from n things.

So the number of ways of filling n places with r objects = n(n - 1) (n - 2) ... (n - r + 1)

Where

The number of ways arranging n different objects taken all at a time = .

APPLICATIONS OF SELECTIONS -I -

Let us take an example of Selecting things from two or more different groups:

Out of 5 men and 6 women in how many ways can a committee of 5 members be selected such that at least 2 members are women?

Solution:

At Least 2 members are women implies that there could be 2 women or 3 men or 3 women or 2 men or All 5 are women in the committee. Thus, the
required number of ways are

2 women + 3 men =

3 women + 2 men =

4 women + 1 men =

5 women =

So, the total number of ways

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EXAMINATION 2N, 2A, 2I, E, X, M, T, O

Case I All are different so

Case II 2 same and 2 different so

Case III 2 same and 2 same so = 18

Total = 2454

Correct Option (4)

If the number of five digit numbers with distinct digits and 2 at the 10th place is , then k is equal to :

(98054)
A

PERMUTATION AS AN ARRANGEMENT -

Arranging n objects taken r at a time is equivalent to filling r places from n things.

So the number of ways of filling n places with r objects = n(n - 1) (n - 2) ... (n - r + 1)

Where

The number of ways arranging n different objects taken all at a time = .

Example: In how many ways can 5 people be seated at 3 places?

Solution: basically this question is about arranging 5 people at 3 different places, let’s think that we are given 3 places so for the first place we have
5 people to choose from, hence this can be done in 5 ways as all 5 are available and none of them are selected initially, now for 2nd place we have 4
people to choose from, hence this can be done in 4 ways and similarly for 3rd place we have 3 choices. Since we have to choose all 3 people from 5
simultaneously, so the total number of ways 5×4×3=120,

this can be done directly from the notation or formula

-
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1st term can be and 2nd can be but one digit used to fill 1st term) and tens place can be filled by only a single digit 2

Correct Option (1)

Video

3/30) Concept title PERMUTATION AS AN ARRANGEMENT (92340)

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If there n objects of which p objects are of one type, q objects of another type, r objects of yet another type and all others are distinct, the total
↑↓ ↑↓
number of ways of arranging all the objects is

Proof: suppose the total number of permutations are x, now if we replace all p identical objects by p different objects then we have x × p! The
number of arrangements, if we do the same thing with q and r we will have x × p!×q!×r!

Number of arrangements. No we have replaced all identical objects and we are left with n different object which can be arranged in n! Ways.

Hence x × p!×q!×r! = n!

So,
Text

Example: In how many ways can the letters of the word “MISSISSIPPI” be arranged?

Solution: repeated letters I = 4

S=4

P=2

So using the above formula we have

Book Mathematics Textbook for Class XI - Page no: 142, Line No: 1, Para:

The number of permutations of n different objects taken r at a time, where repetition is allowed, is .

Mathematics for Joint Entrance Examination JEE (Advanced) : Algebra - Page no: 7.8, Line No: 1, Para:

Formula for Permutation

Description

Question
There are 5 identical objects in a group, m is the number of arrangement of these object. There are 10 objects in another group, of which 7 are alike,
and the rest three are distinct. Let n be number of arrangement of these objects then

(18449)
A m + n = 721

B mn = 721

C m + n = 720

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D n - m = 721

PERMUTATION OF OBJECTS WHEN FEW ARE IDENTICAL -

If there n objects of which p objects are of one type, q objects of another type, r objects of yet another type and all others are distinct, the total

number of ways of arranging all the objects is

m = 1 ( all objects are like )

In a library shelf 3 slots are available (one for each book ) .Then the numbers of ways in which 10 books can be arranged in these slots is

(18450)
A 714

B 716

C 718

D 720

PERMUTATION OF OBJECTS WHEN FEW ARE IDENTICAL -

If there n objects of which p objects are of one type, q objects of another type, r objects of yet another type and all others are distinct, the total

number of ways of arranging all the objects is

Number of ways =

If the four letter words (need not be meaningful ) are to be formed using the letters from the word “MEDITERRANEAN” such that the first letter is R
and the fourth letter is E, then the total number of all such words is :

(2039)
A

B 110

C 56

D 59

PERMUTATION OF OBJECTS WHEN FEW ARE IDENTICAL -

If there n objects of which p objects are of one type, q objects of another type, r objects of yet another type and all others are distinct, the total

number of ways of arranging all the objects is

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So,

The word MEDI TERRANEAN has

3Es, 2As, 2Ns, 1M, 1D, 1I, 1T

We need words of the form R_ _ E

If two letters are same, we can have 3 ways.

REEE

RAAE

RNNE

If two letters are different, we can choose them in ways

Total = 56 + 3 = 59 words.

Correct option is 4.

8 - digit numbers are formed using the digits 1, 1, 2, 2, 2, 3, 4, 4. The number of such numbers in which the odd digits do not occupy odd places, is :

(3758)
A 160

B 120

C 60

D 48

PERMUTATION OF OBJECTS WHEN FEW ARE IDENTICAL -

If there n objects of which p objects are of one type, q objects of another type, r objects of yet another type and all others are distinct, the total

number of ways of arranging all the objects is

So,

Odd nos - 1,1,3

EVEN nos . - 2,2,2,4,4

Case (1) ; odd places filled by 2,2,4,4,2

No. of ways =

even palces filled by 1,1,3

NO. of ways =

total number of ways = 10 * 12 = 120

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How many different words can be formed by jumbling the letters in the word MISSISSIPPI in which no two S are adjacent?

(5701)
A

PERMUTATION OF OBJECTS WHEN FEW ARE IDENTICAL -

If there n objects of which p objects are of one type, q objects of another type, r objects of yet another type and all others are distinct, the total

number of ways of arranging all the objects is

So,

Given word is MISSISSIPPI

Here I=4 times,S=4 times,P=2 times,M=1 time

No two S should be together, hence we can place S at these places

_ M _ I _ I _ I _ I _ P _ P _.

No. of ways =

And S can be placed in 8 places in ways

Total number of ways =

All possible numbers are formed using the digits 1,1,2,2,2,2,3,4,4 taken all at a time. The number of such numbers in which the odd digits occupy
even places is :

(57947)
A 180

B 160

C 175

D 162

PERMUTATION OF OBJECTS WHEN FEW ARE IDENTICAL -

If there n objects of which p objects are of one type, q objects of another type, r objects of yet another type and all others are distinct, the total

number of ways of arranging all the objects is

So,

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Theorem of Combination -

Each of the different groups or selection which can be made by taking r things from n things is called a combination.

- wherein

Where

We have total 4 even place and 3 odd digit =

Number of way placing odd digit at even places =

Number of ways placing even digits

So total number of ways =

Total number of 6-digit numbers in which only and all five digits 1,3,5,7 and 9 appear, is :

(97598)
A

PERMUTATION OF OBJECTS WHEN FEW ARE IDENTICAL -

If there n objects of which p objects are of one type, q objects of another type, r objects of yet another type and all others are distinct, the total

number of ways of arranging all the objects is

Number of arrangements. No we have replaced all identical objects and we are left with n different object which can be arranged in n! Ways.

Hence x × p!×q!×r! = n!

So,

6 places, 5 digit so one digit will repeate

Correct Option (4)

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The number of words (with or without meaning) that can be formed from all the letters of the word "LETTER" in which vowels never come together is
____________.

(112194)
A 60

B 90

C 120

D None of these

The number of words, with or without meaning, that can be formed by taking 4 letters at a time from the letters of the word 'SYLLABUS' such that two
letters are distinct and two letters are alike, is ______.

(112057)
A 360

B 420

C 120

D 240

SYLLABUS

2S and 2L

We need to form word of the type XYZZ

Total number of ways

Let M be any matrix with entries from the set { 0,1, 2}. The maximum number of such matrices, for which the sum of diagonal elements of
MTM is seven, is_________

(117154)
A 540

B 450

C 336

D 363

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Sum of diagonal matrix MTM

Total = 540

The number of seven digit integers with sum of the digits equal to 10 and formed by using the digits 1,2 and 3 only is :

(117311)
A

First possiblity is 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 3

Second possiblity is 1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 2

Total = 42 + 35 = 77

A seven digit number is formed using digits 3,3,4,4,4,5,5. The probability that number so formed is divisible by 2, is:

(117214)
A

Digits = 3, 3, 4, 4, 4, 5, 5

Number of 7 digit number divisible by 2, so the last digit must be even

last digit = 4

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Now 7 digit numbers which is divisible by 2

The sum of all the 4-digit distinct numbers that can be formed with the digits and is :

(120723)
A

The digits are 1, 2, 2, 3

total numbers when 1 at unit place is 3 .

total numbers when 2 at unit place is 6
total numbers when 3 at unit place is 3

sum of digits at unit's place = 3 + 12 + 9 = 24

sum of all four digits numbers = 24(1111) = 26664

Video

4/30) Concept title PERMUTATION OF OBJECTS WHEN FEW ARE IDENTICAL (92359)

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Arrangement of Digits (Part 1)

↑↓ ↑↓

To make 5 digit number from 1,2,3,4,5,6,7.

1. If the repetition of digits is not allowed

In this case,

one's place can be filled in 7 ways

ten's place can be filled in 6 ways (as one number is used for one's place)

Hence the total number of ways is 7x6x5x4x3=2520.

2. If the repetition of digits is allowed

In this case,

one's place can be filled in 7 ways

ten's place can be filled in 7 ways (as repetition is allowed)

Hence the total number of ways is 7x7x7x7x7=75.

3. If the number is EVEN

Text In this case,

one's place can be filled by three numbers (2,4,6) as even number is those number which ends with (0,2,4,6,8)

Hence we have three different OR possibilities.

If one's place is obtained by 2 hence remaining can be arranged in

OR,

If one's place is obtained by 4 hence remaining can be arranged in

OR,

If one's place is obtained by 6 hence remaining can be arranged in

Hence the total possibilities are .

Let us take another example

Using 0,1,2,3,4,5 how many 4-digit numbers can be formed if the repetition of digits was not allowed.

Here 0 cannot be at a leading place as the number becomes the 3-digit number.
Hence the first place can be filled in 5 ways and the second place left with 5 possibilities (now 0 can be included) that's why it can also be filled
with 5 ways and the third-place left with 4 possibilities and the fourth place left with 3 possibilities.

So the total number of 4 digit numbers = 5×5×4×3=300

Solving the same question if repetition of digits was allowed

In that case, the first place (from left) has 7 choices (excluding 0 otherwise it will not be 4 digit number) 2nd, 3rd, and 4th place will have 8
choices (all choices available, repetition allowed), so the total number, in this case, = 7×8×8×8.

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Book Mathematics Textbook for Class VII - Page no: , Line No: , Para:

Mathematics Textbook for Class XI - Page no: 142, Line No: 1, Para:

The number of permutations of n different objects taken r at a time, where repetition is allowed, is .

Mathematics for Joint Entrance Examination JEE (Advanced) : Algebra - Page no: 7.8, Line No: 1, Para:

Formula for Permutation

Description

Question
At an election, a voter may vote for any number of candidates, not greater than the number to be elected. There are 10 candidates and 4 are to be
elected. If a voter votes for at least one candidate, then the number of ways in which he can vote is

(5698)
A 5040

B 6210

C 385

D 1110

As we learnt in

Number of Permutations with repetition -

The number of ways of filling r places where each place can be filled by any one of n objects.

It is

- wherein

Where

Total number of ways :-

The number of numbers between 2,000 and

5,000 that can be formed with the digits 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 (repetition of digits is not
allowed) and are multiple of 3 is :

(13918)
A 24

B 30

C 36

D 48

As we have learned

Number of Permutations with repetition -

The number of ways of filling r places where each place can be filled by any one of n objects.

It is

- wherein

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Where

4 digit number

using 0,2,3,4

using 0,1,2,3

Total number = 30

n-digit numbers are formed using only three digits 2, 5 and 7. The smallest value of n for which 900 such distinct numbers can be formed, is :

(14149)
A

As we learned

Number of Permutations with repetition -

The number of ways of filling r places where each place can be filled by any one of n objects.

It is

- wherein

Where

The number of natural numbers less than 7,000 which can be formed by using the digits 0,1,3,7,9 (repetition of digits allowed) is equal to :

(33017)

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A 250

B 374

C 372

D 375

Number of Permutations with repetition -

The number of ways of filling r places where each place can be filled by any one of n objects.

It is

- wherein

Where

Natural numbers less than 7,000

There are 3 ways to fill position 1 (i.e. 0,1,3) and for the remaining position there are 5 ways each so,

0000 is not included.

The number of four - digit number strictly greater than than can be formed using the digits (repetition of digits is allowed) is :

(57985)
A

Number of Permutations with repetition -

The number of ways of filling r places where each place can be filled by any one of n objects.

It is

- wherein

Where

(1) The number of four-digit numbers Starting with 5 is

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(2) Starting with 44 and 45 is equal to

(3) Starting with 433,434 and 435 is equal to

4 3 3,4,5

1 1 3 6 = 18

(4) Remaining numbers are 4322,4323,4324,4325is equal to 4

Total number of four digit odd numbers that can be formed using 0, 1, 2, 3, 5, 7 are

(5690)
A 216

B 375

C 400

D 720

APPLICATION OF PERMUTATION-I -

We have 0, 1, 2, 3, 5, 7 and repetition is allowed.

The correct option is 4.

The number of 6 digit numbers that can be formed using the digits 0,1,2,5,7 and 9 which are divisible by 11 and no digit is repeated, is:

(58080)
A 72

B 60

C 48

D 36

APPLICATION OF PERMUTATION-I -

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Arrangement of Digits (Part 1)

Sum of the given digit is 0+1+2+5+7+9 = 24

6 digit number let abcdef

abcdef is divisible by 11 if

is a multiple of 11

Only one possible is there

a+c+e=b+d+f=12

Case 1: {a,c,e}={7,5,0}

{b,d,f}={9,2,1}

So, 2 x 2! x 3! = 24

Case 2: {a,c,e}={9 , 2, 1}

{b,d,f}={7, 5, 0}

So, 3! x 3! = 36

Total = 24 + 36 = 60

So, correct option is (2).

The value of is equal to:

(112234)
A

D 1

Let A be a set of all 4-digit natural numbers whose exactly one digit is 7. Then the probability that a randomly chosen element of A leaves
remainder 2 when divided by 5 is :

(120124)
A

Sample space

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n(s) = n(when 7 appears on thousands place) + n(7 doesn't appear on thousands place)

= 1× 9× 9× 9 + 3C1 × 9 × 9 = 729 + 1944 = 2673

Events

n(E) = n(last digit 7 & 7 appears once) + n(last digit 2 when 7 appears once)

= 8 × 9 × 9 × 1 + ((1 × 9 × 9 × 1) + (9 × 8 × 2C1 ×1)) = 873

The sum of all the 4-digit distinct numbers that can be formed with the digits and is :

(120723)
A

The digits are 1, 2, 2, 3

total numbers when 1 at unit place is 3 .

total numbers when 2 at unit place is 6
total numbers when 3 at unit place is 3

sum of digits at unit's place = 3 + 12 + 9 = 24

sum of all four digits numbers = 24(1111) = 26664

The number of times the digit 3 will be written when listing the integers from 1 to 1000 is ___________.

(120737)
A 250

B 300

C 350

D 400

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total way = 243 + 54 + 3 = 300

Video

5/30) Concept title APPLICATION OF PERMUTATION-I (92342)

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Arrangements of Digits (Part 2)

↑↓ ↑↓
Find the No. of Distinct 4-digits numbers that can be formed using 1,2,3,4,5,6,7 for each of the following condition:

If the number is greater than 3000.

The thousand’s digit can be filled in 5 ways (any one of 3, 4, 5, 6 or 7). Now one is left with 6 digits and has to arrange 3 of them. This can be
done in 6P3 = 6 × 5 × 4 ways. Thus a total of 5 × (6 × 5 × 4) = 600 such numbers can be formed.

If the number is EVEN.

The unit’s digit can be filled in three ways (2, 4 or 6). Now we are left with 6 digits and have to arrange 3 of them. This can be done in 6P3 = 6 × 5
× 4 ways. Thus a total of (6 × 5 × 4) × 3 = 360 such numbers can be formed.

Text If the number is EVEN and greater than 3000.

The unit digit could be 2 OR (4, 6)

Considering the case that the units digit is 2:

The units digit can be filled in only 1 way, with a 2. Having filled this, all of 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 are available for the thousands place and thus it can
be filled in 5 ways (3,4,5,6,7 not 1). Next, we are left with 5 digits and two of which have to be arranged i.e. can be done in 5 × 4 ways. Thus total
possible numbers with units digit being 2 will be 5 × (5 × 4) × 1 = 100

Considering the case that the units digit is 4 or 6: The units digit can be filled in 2 ways. Having filled this, for each of these cases, the digits
available for the thousands place are 3, 5, 7 and (4 or 6, whichever is not used) i.e. there are further 4 possibilities. Next, we are left with 5 digits
and two of which have to be arranged i.e. can be done in 5 × 4 ways. Thus total possible numbers with unit’s digit being 4 or 6 will be 4 × (5 × 4)
× 2 = 160 Thus the total number of even numbers greater than 3000 that can be formed will be 100 + 160 = 260.

Book Mathematics Textbook for Class VII - Page no: , Line No: , Para:

Mathematics Textbook for Class XI - Page no: 142, Line No: 1, Para:

The number of permutations of n different objects taken r at a time, where repetition is allowed, is .

Mathematics for Joint Entrance Examination JEE (Advanced) : Algebra - Page no: 7.8, Line No: 1, Para:

Formula for Permutation

Description

Question
The number of integers greater than 6,000 that can be formed, using the digits 3, 5, 6,7 and 8, without repetition, is :

(3316)
A 216

B 192

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C 120

D 72

APPLICATION OF PERMUTATION-II -

Four-digit numbers can be

Five-digit numbers

Total = 192

The correct option is 2.

Five digit number divisible by 3 is formed using 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6 and 7 without repetition. Total number of such numbers are

(5688)
A 600

B 3125

C 120

D 216

APPLICATION OF PERMUTATION-II -

We have 2 cases.

case 1

Case I: 1, 3, 4, 6, 7 (when 0,2 is not included)

Rest case

Case 2: 0, 1, 2, 3, 6 (when is removed )

Total number of such numbers = 120 + 96 x 5 = 609

An eight digit number divisible by 9 is to be formed using digits from 0 to 9 without repeating the digits. The number of ways in which this can be
done is

(3668)
A

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APPLICATION OF PERMUTATION-II -

Arrangements of Digits (Part 2)

0+1+2+......+9= 45 ,which is divisible by 9 now we have to select 8 numbers , which means we have to reject 2 nos while keeping the sum divisible
by 9 ...(0,9), (1,8) (2,7), (3,6) ,(4,5) can be rejected

1) if (0,9 ) is rejected , we can form numbers is 8 ! ways

2) If other 4 sets are rejected , we can form numbers in 7 (7!) we can't be at first place

so no. of ways = 4* 7 (7!)

Adding (1) and (2) .....(8)! + 7(7!)= 36 (7!)

Number greater than 1000 but less than 4000 is formed using the digits 0, 2, 3, 4 repetition allowed

(5687)
A 125

B 105

C 128

D 625

APPLICATION OF PERMUTATION-II -

See arrangements.

First place can be filled with just 2 or 3.

Correct option is 3.

Two families with 3 members each and one family with 4 members each are to be seated in a row. In how many ways can they be seated so that the
same family member are not separated?

(111814)
A

Family A has 3 members they can be arranged in ways

Family B has 3 members they can be arranged in ways

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Family C has 3 members they can be arranged in ways

Now A, B, C can be arranged in ways

The total arrangement is

Correct Answer: Option D

Video

6/30) Concept title APPLICATION OF PERMUTATION-II (92344)

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ARRANGEMENT OF PEOPLE IN A ROW

↑↓ ↑↓

Arranging 4 boys and 4 girls such that 4 girls have to be together:

Considering all the four girls as one unit, we have to arrange 5 units in 5 places and this can be done in 5! ways. Now one of the units is of 4
girls, who can be arranged amongst themselves in 4! ways. Thus the total number of ways of arranging is 5! × 4!.

Arranging 4 boys and 4 girls such that no two girls should stand together:
Text
The four boys can first be arranged in 4! ways. Now there will be 5 places (Three between 4 boys and one at each end) for the 4 girls and they
could be arranged in 5 × 4 × 3 × 2 ways. Thus the total number of arrangements possible is 4! × 5 × 4 × 3 × 2.

Arranging 4 boys and 4 girls such that girls and boys have to be alternate:

When girls and boys have to be alternate, it would just be either G B G B G B G B or B G B G B G B G. In each of these ways, there are 4
places for the boys and 4 places for the girls and thus they can be arranged in 4! × 4! in each of these. Thus, the total number of arrangements
possible is 2 × 4! × 4!.

Book Mathematics Textbook for Class VII - Page no: , Line No: , Para:

Mathematics Textbook for Class XI - Page no: 142, Line No: 1, Para:

The number of permutations of n different objects taken r at a time, where repetition is allowed, is .

Mathematics for Joint Entrance Examination JEE (Advanced) : Algebra - Page no: 7.8, Line No: 1, Para:

Formula for Permutation

Description

Question
How many ways are there to arrange the letters in the word GARDEN with the vowels in alphabetical order?

(5694)
A 360

B 240

C 120

D 480

APPLICATION OF PERMUTATION-III -

-
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Where 0! = 1

Total arrangements of the word GARDEN are 6!

Half of them have A and E in alphabetical order.

Thus ways are

The correct option is 1.

In how many ways can the letters of the word INVESTOR be arranged such that no two vowels are together?

(96354)
A 8! – 5! × 3!

B 7200

C 8! – 6! × 3!

D 14400

APPLICATION OF PERMUTATION-III -

ARRANGEMENT OF PEOPLE IN A ROW

Arranging 4 boys and 4 girls such that 4 girls have to be together:

Considering all the four girls as one unit, we have to arrange 5 units in 5 places and this can be done in 5! ways. Now one of the units is of 4 girls,
who can be arranged amongst themselves in 4! ways. Thus the total number of ways of arranging is 5! × 4!.

Arranging 4 boys and 4 girls such that no two girls should stand together:

The four boys can first be arranged in 4! ways. Now there will be 5 places (Three between 4 boys and one at each end) for the 4 girls and they could
be arranged in 5 × 4 × 3 × 2 ways. Thus the total number of arrangements possible is 4! × 5 × 4 × 3 × 2.

Arranging 4 boys and 4 girls such that girls and boys have to be alternate:

When girls and boys have to be alternate, it would just be either G B G B G B G B or B G B G B G B G. In each of these ways, there are 4 places for
the boys and 4 places for the girls and thus they can be arranged in 4! × 4! in each of these. Thus, the total number of arrangements possible is 2 ×
4! × 4!.

If we place the consonants with places in between and on either side wherein the vowels may be placed.

{ _ N _ V _ S _ T _R _ }

Number of places to fill the consonants = 5

Number of ways in which 4 consonants can be arranged in their designated places =

Number of places to fill the vowels = 6

Number of ways in which 3 vowels (OEI) can be arranged in the 6 places =

Thus, the number of ways in which we can arrange the letters of the word INVESTOR

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Video

7/30) Concept title APPLICATION OF PERMUTATION-III (92348)

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QUESTION-BASED ON FACTORS
↑↓ ↑↓
Factors of a number N refer to all the numbers which divide N completely. These are also called divisors of a number.

Basic formula related to factors of a number:

These are certain basic formulas pertaining to factors of a number N, such that,

Where, p, q, and r are prime factors of the number n.

a, b and c are non-negative powers/ exponents

Number of factors of N = (a+1)(b+1)(c+1)

Sum of factors: ( pa+1-1)( qb+1-1)(rc+1-1)/ (p-1) (q-1) (r-1)

Text Let us take an example:

Find the Number and Sum of the factor of 18.

Factors of 18 are 1,2,3,6,9,18

Hence the number of factors of 18 is 6

And their Sum is 39(1+2+3+6+9+18)

Using the Formula

Number of factors of N = (1+1)(2+1)=6

Sum of factors: ( 22-1)( 33-1)/ (2-1)(3-1)=39

Book Mathematics Textbook for Class VII - Page no: , Line No: , Para:

Mathematics Textbook for Class XI - Page no: 142, Line No: 1, Para:

The number of permutations of n different objects taken r at a time, where repetition is allowed, is .

Mathematics for Joint Entrance Examination JEE (Advanced) : Algebra - Page no: 7.8, Line No: 1, Para:

Formula for Permutation

Description

Question
Number of Divisor of 1440 is

(18508)
A 9

B 12

C 24

D 36

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As we have learned

Number of Divisions -

The number of divisors of a natural number

- wherein

Where a1, a2 ....... are distinct prime and non negative integers.

1440 =

No. of divisior = (5+1)(2+1)(1+1)= = 36

Let S be the set of all triangles in the xy-plane, each having one vertex at the origin and the other two vertices lie on coordinate axes with integral
coordinates. If each triangle is S has area 50 sq. units, then the number of the elements in the set S is:

(33009)
A 9

B 32

C 18

D 36

Number of Divisions -

The number of divisors of a natural number

- wherein

Where a1, a2 ....... are distinct prime and non-negative integers.

Let

and be vectors of

Number of triangles

Sum of all the divisors of 1440 is

(18509)

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A 4914

B 4200

C 4410

D 5210

As we have learned

Sum of Divisors -

Let then

- wherein

Use sum of G.P. formed . for

Sum of divisors =

Total number of proper divisor of 3600 is

(18510)
A 41

B 42

C 43

D 44

As we have learned

Factors of Numbers -

Let .The total number of proper divisors are .

- wherein

1 and self number no. not included.

no. of divisor = (4+1)(2+1)(2+1)-2 = 43

Number of ways in which 1440 can be resolved into product of two positive integers is

(18511)
A 15

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B 16

C 17

D 18

As we have learned

Rule for Factors of Numbers -

The number of ways in which n can be resolved as a product of two factors.

for

- wherein

Where n is not a perfect square.

The required number of =

Number of ways in which 3600 can be resolved as product of its two factors is

(18512)
A 20

B 23

C 26

D 29

As we have learned

Rule for Factors of Numbers -

where

- wherein

Where n is a perfect square.

3600 is a perfect square and

No. of ways =

A natural number has prime factorization given by , where y and z are such that y+z=5 and . Then the

number of odd divisons of n, including 1, is:

(117228)

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A 6x

B 6

C 11

D 12

Given that

for calculating odd divisor of n = 2x3y5z

x must be zero

Video

8/30) Concept title APPLICATION OF PERMUTATION-IV (92353)

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Number of odd and even factors:

↑↓ ↑↓
Let us understand this concept with an example:

Find the number of Even and Odd factors of 72.

Prime factorization of 72=23×32

We know the fact that all the factors of 72 will be in the form of 2a×3b.

For ODD factors, the exponent of 2 i.e., a has to be 0 always. Or, the number of ways using 2 for making the combination is 1, i.e., 20. Also, the
number of values that the exponent of 3 i.e., b can take is 3.

Hence the number of odd factors of 72 = 1x3=3.

Extending the logic For EVEN, we can say that for a better to be Even, it must contain 2 at least once.

Where a will range from 0 to 3 and, b from 0 to 2. However, it is quite evident that any factor which has 2 as one of the prime factors is always
even.
So, the number of values a, and b can take are 3 and 3 respectively.

Therefore, the total number of even factors of 72 = 3x3=9.

Number of factors which are perfect squares:

Find the number of factors that are perfect squares of 72.

Prime factorization of 72=23×32

If we prime factorize any number which is a perfect square, we would observe that in all cases the exponent of all the prime factors of the
Text number to be even only.

For example, 36 is a perfect square 36=22×32, here we can see that the exponent of both 2 and 3 are even.

Again, any factor 72 will be in the form of 2a×3b. For the factors to be perfect squares, all the values a, and b has to be even only.

Or, the possible values which a can take = 0, 2 i.e. 2 values only. Similarly, b can take 0, 2 i.e. 2 values.

Therefore, the different combinations we can have = 2x2 = 4.

Hence, 72 has 4 factors which are perfect squares.

Number of factors which are perfect cube:

Find the number of factors that are perfect cubes of 72.

Prime factorization of 72=23×32

If we prime factorize any number which is a perfect square, we would observe that in all cases the exponent of all the prime factors of the
number to be even only.

For example, 27 is a perfect cube 27=33, here we can see that the exponent of 3 is multiple of three.

Again, any factor 72 will be in the form of 2a×3b. For the factors to be perfect cubes, all the values a, and b has to be divisible by 3.

Or, the possible values which a can take = 0, 3 i.e. 2 values only. Similarly, b can take 0 i.e. 1 value.

Therefore, the different combinations we can have = 2x1 = 2.

Hence, 72 has 2 factors which are perfect cubes.

Book Mathematics Textbook for Class XI - Page no: 142, Line No: 1, Para:

The number of permutations of n different objects taken r at a time, where repetition is allowed, is .

Mathematics for Joint Entrance Examination JEE (Advanced) : Algebra - Page no: 7.8, Line No: 1, Para:

Formula for Permutation

Description

Question
Let N = 10800. Find the number of divisors of N. Then the ratio of number of odd divisors and number of even divisors is :

(96360)
A 1:2

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B 1:3

C 1:1

D 1:4

APPLICATION OF PERMUTATION-V -

-
Here N = 24x33x52. To find the number of divisors, we’ll simply
use the formula (4 + 1)(3 + 1)(2 + 1) = 60.
To form an even factor, we must select at least one ‘2’ from the lot, which will ensure that whatever be the remaining selection, their multiplication will
always result in an even factor.

The number of ways to select at least one ‘2’ from a lot of four identical ‘2’s will be 4

And, we’ll select any number of ‘3’s and ‘5’s, in 4 and 3 ways respectively.

The required number of ways will, therefore, be 4 x 4 x 3 = 48.

To count the odd factors, we’ll get rid of the ‘2’s. We’ll make the selection from the ‘3’s and the ‘5’s only. The number of selections (or factors) will
therefore be (3 + 1)(2 + 1) = 12.

Note that this could also have been obtained by subtracting the even factors from the total, i.e. 60 – 48, which will give the same answer.

The ratio of the number of odd divisors and number of even divisors is:

Find the number of divisors of 10800 such that they can be in the form 4k + 2?

(96363)
A 10

B 12

C 8

D 14

APPLICATION OF PERMUTATION-V -

-
Notice that 4k + 2 = 2(2k + 1), which looks like a ‘2’ multiplied by an odd number. That means we need to select exactly one ‘2’, and any number of
3s and 5s (as they’ll give an odd number on multiplication).

To select exactly one ‘2’, there is only 1 way. And the ‘3’s and the ‘5’s can be selected in 4 and 3 ways respectively. Therefore the required number of
factors = 1 x 4 x 3 = 12.

The total numbers of number, lying between 100 and 1000 that can be formed with the digits 1,2,3,4,5, if the repetition of digits is not allowed and
numbers are divisible by either 3 or 5, is________

(116918)
A 32

B 36

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C 34

D 24

We need three digits numbers.

Since 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5 = 15

Numbers divisible by 3 are (1,3,5), (1,2,3), (2,3,4) and (3,4,5)

Total permutation is

Numbers divisible by 5 are (x,x,5)

Total permutation is

Numbers divisible by both 3 and 5 are (1,3,5) and (3,4,5)

Total permutation is

Hence required permutation is

Video

9/30) Concept title APPLICATION OF PERMUTATION-V (92357)

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DIVISIBILITY OF A FACTOR BY A NUMBER

↑↓ ↑↓
If we prime factorize a number which is completely divisible by another number, we would observe that the exponent of divisible number can be
seen in the Prime factorization of that number.

Let us understand with an example:

Find the number of factors of 72 which are divisible by 8

Prime factorization of 72=23×32

Prime factorization of 8=23

For the factors to be divisible by 8 the factor should be multiple of 8 or 23.

Or we can say that the values a should be equal to 3 or greater than 3, and b can take any value.

Hence, the possible values which a can take = 3, i.e. 1 value only. Similarly, b can take 0, 1 and 2 i.e. 3 values.

Therefore, the different combinations we can have = 1x3 = 3.

Hence, 72 has 3 factors which are divisible by 8 i.e. 8,24,72.

Product of factors:

Let a number be N

It's Prime factorization be N=2ax3bx5c

Now product of factors of

For example: Find the Product of the factors of 72

Text

Exponent of Prime P in n!

Where [x] stands for greatest integer value of .

If m is the index of highest power of a prime p that divides n! then

Example: Find the number of trailing zeros in 20!

Solution:

10 can be written as 2ax5b

Hence,

For the number to have a zero at the end, both a & b should be at least 1.

If you want to figure out the exact number of zeroes, you would have to check how many times the number N is divisible by 10.

When dividing N by 10, it will be limited by the powers of 2 or 5, whichever is lesser.

Number of trailing zeros is going to be the power of 2 or 5, whichever is lesser.

Hence number of trailling zeros are 4

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Book Mathematics Textbook for Class XI - Page no: 142, Line No: 1, Para:

The number of permutations of n different objects taken r at a time, where repetition is allowed, is .

Mathematics for Joint Entrance Examination JEE (Advanced) : Algebra - Page no: 7.8, Line No: 1, Para:

Formula for Permutation

Description

Question
10 ! is not divisible by

(18445)
A 64

B 128

C 256

D 1024

APPLICATION OF PERMUTATION-VI -

The exponent of Prime P in n!

Where [x] stands for greatest integer value of .

If m is the index of highest power of a prime p that divides n! then

Which consist of 2 are 10 , 8 , 6 , 4 , 2

10 has one 2

8 has three 2

6 has one 2

4 has two 2

2 has one 2

total no. of 2's in 10 ! is = 8

10 ! is divisible by and its factors

not divisible by 1024

Number of zeros in (50)! equals

(18514)
A 10

B 11

C 12

D 13

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APPLICATION OF PERMUTATION-VI -

Exponent of Prime P in n!

Where [x] stands for greatest integer value of .

If m is the index of highest power of a prime p that divides n! then

Zero is generated by multiplication of 2 and 5 .

So their numbers will decide , number of zeros

Exponent of 2 =

Exponent of 5 =

Number of zeros also 12

Video

10/30) Concept title APPLICATION OF PERMUTATION-VI (92358)

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Let’s say there is a round table with 6 chairs all identical and 6 persons have to sit for the first person there is only one choice to make as all
↑↓ ↑↓
chairs are identical, so wherever he may sit doesn’t matter. Now when 1st person has sit, 2nd person with respect to 1st have five choices to sit,
directly opposite or left or 2nd from left or right 2nd from right to 1st person, in the same ways 3rd person will have 4 choices, 4th person will have 3
choice, 5th person will have 2 choices, and last person 1 choice, so in that way total 5 x 4 x 3 x 2 x 1= ( 6 - 1 ) ! Permutations are possible.

We can generalize this result as an object that can be arranged along with a circular table in (n-1)! Ways
Text

Example: In how many ways 7 people can be arranged along a circular table having 7 identical chairs.

Solution: using the above concept, it can be done in (7-1)! = 6!.

Book Mathematics Textbook for Class XI - Page no: 142, Line No: 1, Para:

The number of permutations of n different objects taken r at a time, where repetition is allowed, is .

Mathematics for Joint Entrance Examination JEE (Advanced) : Algebra - Page no: 7.22, Line No: 16, Para:

Circular Permutation

Description
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Question Let’s say there is a round table with 6 chairs all identical and 6 persons have to sit for the first person there is only one choice to make as all
↑↓ ↑↓
chairs are identical, so wherever he may sit doesn’t matter. Now when 1st person has sit, 2nd person with respect to 1st have five choices to sit,
directly opposite or left or 2nd from left or right 2nd from right to 1st person, in the same ways 3rd person will have 4 choices, 4th person will have 3
choice, 5th person will have 2 choices, and last person 1 choice, so in that way total 5 x 4 x 3 x 2 x 1= ( 6 - 1 ) ! Permutations are possible.

We can generalize this result as an object that can be arranged along with a circular table in (n-1)! Ways
Text

Example: In how many ways 7 people can be arranged along a circular table having 7 identical chairs.

Solution: using the above concept, it can be done in (7-1)! = 6!.

The number of ways in which 6 people can sit around a round table for dinner is

(18451)
A 24

B 120

C 720

D none of these

As we have learned

Circular Permutations -

In circular permutations- We fix the position of one of an objects and then arrange the other objects in all possible ways.

Here , we will fix any one person at any place , for that number of way will be 1 .

After that other fives can be arranged w.r.t him in 5! i.e 120 ways

The number of ways in which 6 men and 5 women can dine at a round table if no two women are to sit together is given by

(5691)
A 30

As we learnt in

Conditions for Circular Permutation -

The number of circular permutations of n distinct things = (n - 1)!

6 Men and 5 Women can dine at a round table.

6 Men can dine in 5! ways.

and 5 Women can choose from 6 places in

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We can generalize this result as an object that can be arranged along with a circular table in (n-1)! Ways
Text

Example: In how many ways 7 people can be arranged along a circular table having 7 identical chairs.

Solution: using the above concept, it can be done in (7-1)! = 6!.

and dine in 5! ways.

Number of ways =

Correct option is 4.

Number of different garlands that can be made using 5 flowers out of 7 different flowers is

(18454)
A 156

B 126

C 504

D 252

As we have learned

Rule for Circular Permutation -

Number of circular permutation of n different things taken r at a time when clockwise and anticlockwise orders are same is .

No. of ways =

Consider a rectangle ABCD having 5,7,6,9 points in the interior of the line segements AB, CD, BC, DA respectively. Let be the number of triangles
having these points from different sides as vertices and be the number of quadrilaterals havings these points from different sides as vertices.
Then is equal to:

(120667)
A 1890

B 795

C 717

D 1173

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We can generalize this result as an object that can be arranged along with a circular table in (n-1)! Ways
Text

Example: In how many ways 7 people can be arranged along a circular table having 7 identical chairs.

Solution: using the above concept, it can be done in (7-1)! = 6!.

Video

11/30) Concept title GEOMETRICAL PERMUTATIONS (92360)

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Text If the object to be arranged in circular permutations are identical, like in the case of bead and garlands, the number of permutations becomes (½)
↑↓ ↑↓
(n-1)!. Since as in the case of bead and garland if we flip the bead or garland then anticlockwise arrangements become clockwise but they are
identical because of objects are identical hence two arrangements are reduced to one causing the total number of permutations half.

Example: Find the ways in which 10 different beads can be arranged to form a necklace?

Solution: using circular permutations the total number of permutations = (10-1)! now since clockwise and anticlockwise arrangements give the
same permutation so the total number of permutations becomes (½)(9!)

Triangular Arrangement:

Let us understand with an example

In how many ways 9-person can be arranged in a Triangular table:

Solution:

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Here,

If 1st person chooses the A position than he can say that two people will sit right to me (or corner of the table is adjacent to my left).

If 1st person chooses the B position than he can say I am in the middle.

If 1st person chooses the C position than he can say that two people will sit left to me (or corner of the table is adjacent to my right).

Clearly, for 1st Person has three possibilities and 2nd person has 5 possibilities w.r.t the 1st person.

So, total number of possibilities is 3x5!.

Note:

This is an example of understating the 3-side Regular Polygon. If no. of sides is increased the possibility of choosing 1st place will increase as in
the case of 4-side polygon (Square), possibility of choosing 1st is increased.

Rectangular Arrangement:

In the case of Rectangular arrangement, adjacent sides are not equal therefore it increases the possibility of choosing 1st place.
Let us understand this with an example:

In how many ways 8 people can be arranged in a rectangular table?

Solution:

Here,

If 1st person chooses the A position than he can say no one is adjacent to me or i have choosen the smaller side of the table.

If 1st person chooses the B position than he can say that two people will sit left to me (or corner of the table is adjacent to my right).

If 1st person chooses the C position than he can say I am in the middle of the larger side.

If 1st person chooses the D position than he can say that two people will sit right to me (or corner of the table is adjacent to my left).

Clearly, for 1st Person has four possibilities and 2nd person has 7 possibilities w.r.t the 1st person.

So, the total number of possibilities is 4x7!

Note:

This is an example of understating the Rectangular arrangement. If no. of people is increased or decreased the possibility of choosing 1st place
will increase or decrease as in the case of 10 people (2-seat on each smaller side), the possibility of choosing 1st place is 5.

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Book Mathematics Textbook for Class VII - Page no: , Line No: , Para:

Mathematics Textbook for Class XI - Page no: 142, Line No: 1, Para:

The number of permutations of n different objects taken r at a time, where repetition is allowed, is .

Mathematics for Joint Entrance Examination JEE (Advanced) : Algebra - Page no: 7.22, Line No: 16, Para:

Circular Permutation

Description

Question
Number of diffrent types of garlands that can be formed using 6 diffrent flowers , of which three are of same colour such that flowers of same colour
are together is

(18452)
A 6

B 18

C 36

D 72

As we have learned

Rule for Circular Permutations -

Arrangement of BEADS, NECKLACE, GARLAND are non distinct in clockwise and anti-clockwise: So number of arrangement

- wherein

Non distinct or same clockwise and anti-clockwise arrangement.

Let us tie flower f same colour in one unit , so the number of unit on garland will be (6-3)+ 1 = 4

No. of ways of arranging these units in a circle = 3 ! * 3 ! ---> (flowers of same colour will also arrange mutually )

But , clockwise and anticlockwise are non - distinct here ,

Required number of ways =

If in a regular polygon the number of diagonals is 54, then the number of sides of this polygon is :

(3226)
A 10

B 12

C 9

D 6

As we have learned

Geometrical Permutations -

The number of diagonals of n sided convex polygon is .

- wherein

Where n > 3

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no. of diagonals =

There are n points in a plane , no three of which are collinear . If number of triangles formed and the number of straight lines formed with three
points are equal then n equals

(18506)
A 4

B 5

C 6

D 9

As we have learned

Rule of Geometrical Permutations -

There are n points in a plane such that no three of them are in the same straight line then the number of lines that can be formed by joining is/are
and number of triangle is/are .

Number of triangles =

NUmber of lines =

There are 12 points in a plane out of which 3 are collinear on one straight line . If m is number of triangles formed using three points and n is number
of straight lines formed using three points then m+n equals

(18507)
A 220

B 218

C 223

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D 224

As we have learned

Rule for Geometrical Permutations -

There are n points in the plane such that no three of them are on the same straight line except m of them which are on same straight line, then the
number of straight lines formed by joining them is/are and number triangles is/are .

No. of triangles = m =

No. of line passing through three points = 1

m + n = 220

Six people are to be seated around a round table having only four chairs , than the no. of ways of doing so is

(18453)
A 30

B 60

C 90

D 120

DIFFERENT CASES OF GEOMETRICAL ARRANGEMENTS -

If the object to be arranged in circular permutations are identical, like in the case of bead and garlands, the number of permutations becomes (½)(n-
1)!. Since as in the case of bead and garland if we flip the bead or garland then anticlockwise arrangements become clockwise but they are identical
because of objects are identical hence two arrangements are reduced to one causing the total number of permutations half.

Number of ways =

Video

12/30) Concept title DIFFERENT CASES OF GEOMETRICAL ARRANGEMENTS (92363)

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A common type of problem asked in many examinations is to find the 'rank' of a given word in a dictionary. What this means is that you are
↑↓ ↑↓
supposed to find the position of that word when all permutations of the word are written in alphabetical order.

Rank of a word - without repetition of letters

Rank of a word MATHS in a dictionary

Step 1: Write down the letters in alphabetical order.

The order will be A, H, M, S, T.

Step 2: Find the number of words that start with a superior letter.

Any word starting from A will be above MATHS. So, if we fix A at the first position, we have 4! = 24 words. (number of ways arranging H,
M, S, T).

Similarly, there will be 24 words that will start with H.

Number of words start with MAH is 2! = 2

Number of words start with MAS is 2! = 2

Text Number of words start with MATHS is 1! = 1

Therefore, the overall rank of the word MATHS is 24 + 24 + 2 + 2 + 1 = 53

Rank of a word - with repetition of letters

Rank of a word INDIA in a dictionary

Write down the letters in alphabetical order, the order will be A, I, I, D, N.

Number of words start with A is 4!/2! = 12 (We are dividing by 2! because I is repeating itself)
Number of words start with D is 4!/2! = 12
Number of words start with IA is 3! = 6 (number of ways arranging I, D, N)
Number of words start with ID is 3! = 6
Number of words start with II is 3! = 6
Number of words start with INA is 2! = 2
Number of words start with INDA is 1! = 1
Number of words start with INDIA is 1! = 1

Therefore, the overall rank of the word INDIA is 12 + 12 + 6 + 6 + 6 + 2 + 1 + 1= 46

Book Coordinate Geometry (Arihant) - Page no: 401, Line No: 1, Para:

Rank in a Dictionary

Description

Question
If all the words, with or without meaning, are written using the letters of the word QUEEN and are arranged as in English dictionary, then the position
of the word QUEEN is :

(1762)
A 44th

B 45th

C 46th

D 47th

As we learnt in

Rank of any Word -

We arrange the words according to dictionary.

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Eq. for SUNIL

Rank is 95

- wherein

Position a SUNIL-95

We will calculate the rank of QUEEN.

Alphabetical order of letter is ENQU

Word starting with

Position of QUEEN = 46

Rank is 46.

Correct option is 3.

If the letters of the word SACHIN are arranged in all possible ways and these words are written out as in dictionary, then the word SACHIN appears
at serial number

(5696)
A 602

B 603

C 600

D 601

As we learnt in

Rank of any Word -

We arrange the words according to dictionary.

Eq. for SUNIL

Rank is 95

- wherein

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Rank of SACHIN.

Alphabetical order is A, C, H, I, N, S

Start with

Position of SACHIN = 601

Correct option is 4.

If all the words (with or without meaning) having five letters, formed using the letters of the word SMALL and arranged as in a dictionary; then the
position of the word SMALL is :

(2232)
A 46th

B 59th

C 52nd

D 58th

As we have learned

Rank of any Word -

We arrange the words according to dictionary.

Eq. for SUNIL

Rank is 95

- wherein

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Tarting with A

4! / 2! = 12 words

Starting with L ----> 4! = 24 words

Starting with m -----> 4! / 2! = 12 words

Starting with S ----> A ----> 3! / 2! = 3 words

L -----> 3! = 6 words

M ----> A ---> L ---> L--->

Position = 12+24+12+3+6+1 = 58 th

If the letter of the word 'MOTHER' be permuted and all the words so formed (with or without meaning) be listed as in a dictionary, then the position of
the word 'MOTHER' is _____

(116443)
A 246

B 204

C 309

D 289

So position of word MOTHER in dictionary

2 × 5! + 2 × 4! + 3 × 3! + 2! + 1 = 240 + 48 + 18 + 2 + 1 = 309

Video

13/30) Concept title RANK OF A WORD IN A DICTIONARY (92369)

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So far our task was always to “arrange” objects i.e. to place them in a specific order among themselves. Sometimes we would be interested in
↑↓ ↑↓
only “selecting” few objects out of the given objects. In this case we just need to “select” and we do not need to “arrange” them in an order.

E.g. we need to select 4 students out of the 15 students who will represent the college at a quiz or we need to form an academic committee of 3
professors from 10 professors. In this case, who is selected “first”, who is selected “second” and so on does not matter. The words “first” and
“second” implicitly implies an “ordering”. What matters in the case of selection is only the composition of the final “group”.

The notation of selecting r objects from n given object is , let’s derive the value of , and it’s relation with permutation notation.

Let's say we want to arrange 5(A,B,C,D,E) object out of 2 object, then using the concept of permutation we can do this in ways. In other
ways we can calculate the same thing by selecting 2 things out of 5, which can be done as and then arrange the 2 selected thing which can
be done in 2! ways. So we have

We can generalize this concept for r object to be selected from given n objects as

Text

Where 1 ≤ r ≤ n

Now we have the value of

Example: In ICC World Cup 2019 total 10 teams participated and each team has to play one game in the league stage with other teams before
qualifying for the semifinals, so how many total games will be played in the league stage.

Solution: for playing a game there will be two teams is involved so this is a simple problem of selecting two teams, so this can be done in

Hence in total 45 games will be played in the league stage.

Book Mathematics Textbook for Class VII - Page no: , Line No: , Para:

Mathematics Textbook for Class XI - Page no: 150, Line No: 11, Para:

Theorem 5
Proof Corresponding to each combination of nCr

Mathematics for Joint Entrance Examination JEE (Advanced) : Algebra - Page no: 7.13, Line No: 33, Para:

Combination: Elementory

Algebra (Arihant) - Page no: 374, Line No: 1, Para:

Combination

Description

Question
The value of is equal to:

(2042)
A 560

B 680

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C 1240

D 1085

As we learnt in

Theorem of Combination -

Each of the different groups or selection which can be made by taking r things from n things is called a combination.

- wherein

Where

Correct option is 2.

Two different families A and B are blessed with an equal number of children. There are 3 tickets to be distributed amongst the children of these
families so that no child gets more than one ticket. If the probability that all the tickets go to the children of the family B is 1/12, then the number of
children in each family are:

(13951)
A 3

B 4

C 5

D 6

As we have learned

Theorem of Combination -

Each of the different groups or selection which can be made by taking r things from n things is called a combination.

- wherein

Where

Let the number of children in each family be Thus the total number of children in both the families are 2x Now, it is given that 3 tickets are distributed
among the children of these two families. Thus the probability that all the 3 tickets go to the children of family B is:

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There are m men and two women participating in a chess tournament. Each participant plays two games with every other participant. If the number
of games played by the men between themselves exceeds the number of games played between the men and the women by 84, then the value of m
is :

(32657)
A 9

B 11

C 12

D 7

Theorem of Combination -

Each of the different groups or selection which can be made by taking r things from n things is called a combination.

- wherein

Where

Consider three boxes, each containing 10 balls labelled Suppose one ball is randomly drawn from each of the boxes. Denote by the
label of the ball drawn from the box, Then, the number of ways in which the balls can be chosen such that is :

(32743)
A

164

120

240

Theorem of Combination -

Each of the different groups or selection which can be made by taking r things from n things is called a combination.

- wherein

Where

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The number of ways of choosing 10 objects out of 31 objects of which 10 are identical and the remaining 21 is distinct, is:

(57661)
A

Theorem of Combination -

Each of the different groups or selection which can be made by taking r things from n things is called a combination.

- wherein

Where

No. of ways

Which of the following pairs represent complementary combination ?

(18475)
A

D none of these

As we have learned

Complementary Combination -

If out of n things we take r at a time then we left (n - r) things. So .

- wherein

& are called complementary combinations.

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A box contains 10 distinct balls , then the number of ways of selecting none or more balls from it is

(18487)
A 256

B 20

C 100

D 1024

As we have learned

Rule for Combinations -

The number of ways in which a selection of NONE, ONE or MORE objects can be made from n DISTINCT objects is .

Number of ways =

The number of four letter words that can be formed using the letters of the word BARRACK is :

(14021)
A 120

B 144

C 264

D 270

INTRODUCTION OF COMBINATIONS -

Now we have the value of

Where 1 ≤ r ≤ n

word is BARRACK Different letters = 2A, 2R, 1B, 1C, 1K

Different 4 letter selections can be

Case I : 2 alike of one kind, 2 alike of other kind

AARR ; Total words =

Case II : 2 alike of one kind, 2 different

_ _ _ _ ; words =

alike

=2x6x12=144

Case III : All different

_ _ _ _ ; words =

Total words = 6+144+120

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=270

The number of all matrices A, with enteries from the set such that the sum of the diagonal elements of is 3, is

(98069)
A 672

B 512

C 1024

D 256

Transpose of a matrix -

Transpose of a matrix

In simple language transpose of a matrix is changing its row into columns or columns into rows. Let be a matrix, then matrix obtained
by changing rows into columns or vice-versa will give transpose of A which is denoted as A’ or At or AT. Hence

E.g

Properties of the transpose of a matrix:

If A’ and B’ denotes the transpose of the matrix then :

i) (A’)’=A

ii) (A±B)’=A’ ± B’ (given that A and B are conformable for matrix addition)

iii) (kA)’ = kA’

iv) (AB)’ = B’A’ ( given that A and B are conformable for matrix product AB)

Trace of a matrix and properties -

Trace of matrix: The sum of all diagonal elements of a square matrix is called trace of a matrix.

Trace of matrix is denoted by Tr(A).

For a given matrix A,

Properties of trace of matrix:

Let and k is a scalar, then

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i) Tr(kA)=k·Tr(A)

ii) Tr(A ± B) = Tr(A) ± Tr(B)

iii) Tr(AB) = Tr(BA)

iv) Tr(A) = Tr(A’)

v) Tr(AB) ≠ Tr(A)Tr(B)

INTRODUCTION OF COMBINATIONS -

The notation of selecting r objects from n given object is , let’s derive the value of , and it’s relation with permutation notation.

Let's say we want to arrange 5(A,B,C,D,E) object out of 2 object, then using the concept of permutation we can do this in ways. In other ways
we can calculate the same thing by selecting 2 things out of 5, which can be done as and then arrange the 2 selected thing which can be done
in 2! ways. So we have

We can generalize this concept for r object to be selected from given n objects as

Where 1 ≤ r ≤ n

Now we have the value of

Let matrix A

So out of 9 elements, 3 elements must be equal to 1 or −1, and the rest elements must be 0.

Possible causes

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The probability that a randomly chosen number is made from exactly two digits is :

(111804)
A

A test consists of 6 multiple choice questions, each having 4 alternative answer of which only one is correct. The number of ways, in which a
candidate answers all six questions such that exactly four of the answers are correct, is____________

(111886)
A 95

B 135

C 105

D 120

(112057)
A 360

B 420

C 120

D 240

SYLLABUS

2S and 2L

We need to form word of the type XYZZ

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Total number of ways

Team 'A' consists of 7 boys and n girls and Team 'B' has 4 boys and 6 girls. If a total of 52 single matches can be arranged between these two teams
when a boy plays against a boy and a girl plays a against a girl, then n is equal to :

(120410)
A 6

B 5

C 4

D 2

Total matches between boys of both team

Total matches between girls of both team

Now,

Video

14/30) Concept title INTRODUCTION OF COMBINATIONS (92370)

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Let us take an example of Selecting things from two or more different groups:
↑↓ ↑↓
Out of 5 men and 6 women in how many ways can a committee of 5 members be selected such that at least 2 members are women?

Solution:

At Least 2 members are women implies that there could be 2 women or 3 men or 3 women or 2 men or All 5 are women in the committee. Thus,
the required number of ways are

Text 2 women + 3 men =

3 women + 2 men =

4 women + 1 men =

5 women =

So, the total number of ways

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Book Mathematics Textbook for Class XI - Page no: 150, Line No: 11, Para:

Theorem 5
Proof Corresponding to each combination of nCr

Mathematics for Joint Entrance Examination JEE (Advanced) : Algebra - Page no: 7.13, Line No: 33, Para:

Combination

Algebra (Arihant) - Page no: 3741, Line No: 1, Para:

Combination

Description

Question
From 6 different novels and 3 different dictionaries, 4 novels and 2 dictionary are to be selected and arranged in a row on a shelf so that the
dictionary is always in the middle. The number of such arrangements is :

(13802)
A at least 750 but less than 1000

B at least 1000 but less than 2000

C at least 2000

D at least 500 but less than 750

APPLICATIONS OF SELECTIONS -I -

6 Different novels, 3 different dictionaries.

Selections are and

Arrangements are 4 ! (in case of novel) and 2! (In case of dictionary)

Number of such arrangements

The correct option is 3.

From 6 different novels and 3 different dictionaries, 4 novels and 1 dictionary are to be selected and arranged in a row on a shelf so that the
dictionary is always in the middle. Then the number of such arrangements is

(5769)
A at least 500 but less than 750

B at least 750 but less than 1000

C at least 1000

D less than 500

APPLICATIONS OF SELECTIONS -I -

6 Different novels, 3 different dictionaries.

Selections are and

Arrangements are 4 !

Number of such arrangements

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The correct option is 3.

A man X has 7 friends, 4 of them are ladies and 3 are men. His wife Y also has 7 friends, 3 of them are ladies and 4 are men. Assume X and Y have
no common friends. Then the total number of ways in which X and Y together can throw a party inviting 3 ladies and 3 men, so that 3 friends of each
of X and Y are in this party, is :

(1882)
A 468

B 469

C 484

D 485

APPLICATIONS OF SELECTIONS -I -

We use combinations

Possible cases for X are:

Possible cases for y are:

Total number of ways

The correct option is 4.

There are two urns. Urn A has 3 distinct red balls and urn B has 9 distinct blue balls. From each urn two balls are taken out at random and then
transferred to the other. The number of ways in which this can be done is

(5851)
A 3

B 36

C 66

D 108

APPLICATIONS OF SELECTIONS -I -

Urn A 3 Red balls.

Urn B 9 Blue balls

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Number of ways

The correct option is 4.

A student is to answer 10 out of 13 questions in an examination such that he must choose at least 4 from the first five questions. The number of
choices available to him is

(5692)
A 196

B 280

C 346

D 140

APPLICATIONS OF SELECTIONS -I -

Choose 10 out of 13 questions and choose at least 4 out of first five.

Choices and

Total = 196

Correct option is 1.

Consider a class of 5 girls and 7 boys. The number of different teams consisting of 2 girls and 3 boys that can be formed from this class, if there are
two specific boys A and B, who refuse to be members of the same team, is:

(33214)
A 500

B 200

C 300

D 250

APPLICATIONS OF SELECTIONS -I

From the concept of combination.

Required np. of ways

=Total no. of ways - when A and B are always included.

A committee of members is to be formed from males and females. if is the number of ways the commitee is formed with at least males
and is the number of ways the commitee is formed with at least females, then :

(58025)
A

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APPLICATIONS OF SELECTIONS -I

The number of 4 letter words (with or without meaning ) that can be formed from the eleven letters of the word 'EXAMINATION' is _________,

(98024)
A

PERMUTATION AS AN ARRANGEMENT -

Arranging n objects taken r at a time is equivalent to filling r places from n things.

So the number of ways of filling n places with r objects = n(n - 1) (n - 2) ... (n - r + 1)

Where

The number of ways arranging n different objects taken all at a time = .

APPLICATIONS OF SELECTIONS -I -

Let us take an example of Selecting things from two or more different groups:

Out of 5 men and 6 women in how many ways can a committee of 5 members be selected such that at least 2 members are women?

Solution:

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At Least 2 members are women implies that there could be 2 women or 3 men or 3 women or 2 men or All 5 are women in the committee. Thus, the
required number of ways are

2 women + 3 men =

3 women + 2 men =

4 women + 1 men =

5 women =

So, the total number of ways

EXAMINATION 2N, 2A, 2I, E, X, M, T, O

Case I All are different so

Case II 2 same and 2 different so

Case III 2 same and 2 same so = 18

Total = 2454

Correct Option (4)

An urn contains 5 red marbles, 4 black marbles, and 3 white marbles. Then the number of ways in which 4 marbles can be drawn so that at the most
three of them are red is:

(98061)
A 490

B 680

C 300

D 400

APPLICATIONS OF SELECTIONS -I -

Let us take an example of Selecting things from two or more different groups:

Out of 5 men and 6 women in how many ways can a committee of 5 members be selected such that at least 2 members are women?

Solution:

At Least 2 members are women implies that there could be 2 women or 3 men or 3 women or 2 men or All 5 are women in the committee. Thus, the
required number of ways are

2 women + 3 men =

3 women + 2 men =

4 women + 1 men =

5 women =

So, the total number of ways

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If the total number of ways in which 8-digit number can be formed by using all the digits 0,1,2,3,4,5,7,9 such that no two even digits appear together
in (5!)k, then k is equal to:

(101489)
A 20

B 42

C 30

D 12

APPLICATIONS OF SELECTIONS -I -

Digit 0,1,2,3,4,5,7,9.

Odd = 1, 3, 5, 7, 9

_O_O_O_O_O_

Five odd (O) places can be filled by digits 1, 3, 5, 7, 9 in 5! Ways

Now, case 1 when first place is with digit 2

5 place can be filled with the digit 0 and 4 (_) in ? ways

Now, case 2 when first place is with digit 4

5 place can be filled with the digit 0 and 2 (_) in ? ways

Total ways (5!)(2 x )

k = 20

A scientific committee is to be formed from 6 Indians and 8 foreigners, which includes atleast 2 Indian and double the number of foreigners as
Indians. Then the number of ways, the committee can be formed, is :

(120156)
A 1050

B 575

C 1625

D 560

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Video

15/30) Concept title APPLICATIONS OF SELECTIONS -I (92371)

Showing 1 to 4 of 4 entries Previous 1 Next

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Restricted Combination
↑↓ ↑↓
The number of selection of r objects from n different objects:

1. When k particular things are always included =

This can be comprehended as taking out those k things which have to be included which can be done in 1 way and then finding the ways
in which r-k objects can be selected and putting those k things in r-k selected objects.

2. k particular things are never included =

This can be comprehended as taking out k things which have not to be selected which can be done in 1 way and then finding the ways of
selecting r things from n-k things.

Text 3. The number of ways selecting r things out of n different thing such that p particular objects are always included and q particular objects are
always excluded =

This can be comprehended as taking out the q objects which should not be selected and putting it out and then taking out p objects which
have to be selected and then finding ways of selecting r-p objects out of n- p-q objects and putting back p objects in r-p selected objects.

Example: In how many ways a cricket team can be selected out of 16 players such that 5 certain players must be included in the team.

Solution: Since 5 certain player has to be included so be need to select 11-5=6 player from 16-5 = 11 player.

So we can select the team in

Book Algebra (Arihant) - Page no: 376, Line No: 28, Para:

Restricted Combination

Mathematics for Joint Entrance Examination JEE (Advanced) : Algebra - Page no: 7.13, Line No: 33, Para:

Combination

Mathematics Textbook for Class XI - Page no: 150, Line No: 11, Para:

Theorem 5
Proof Corresponding to each combination of nCr

Description

Question
A bag contains 5 identical red balls , 4 identical green balls , 3 identical black balls then the number of ways of selecting none or more balls is

(18488)
A 12

B 60

C 120

D 119

As we have learned

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Theorem of Combinations -

The number of ways of selecting from a collection of m objects of one kind, n objects of another kind and p objects of another kind are (m + 1) (n + 1)
(p + 1).

Number of ways = (5+1)(4+1)(3+1) =

A bag contains four coins of each 1 rupee, 2 rupees and 5 rupees. Assuming coins of same denomination to be identical. The number of ways of
donating some amount to a begger is

(18493)
A 12

B 11

C 64

D 124

As we have learned

Theorem of Combinations -

The number of ways of selecting at least one item from a collection of m objects of one kind, n objects of another kind and p other kind is (m + 1) (n +
1) (p + 1) -1.

Number of ways = (4+1)(4+1)(4+1)-1 = 124

A bag contains 3 identical red ball , 4 identical blue balls, 5 identicals green balls . The number of ways of selecting at least one ball from each color
is

(18495)
A 60

B 12

C 120

D 15

As we have learned

Theorem of Combinations -

The number of ways of selecting at least one objects of each kind from a collection of m objects of one kind, n objects of another kind and p objects
of other kind is mnp.

Number of ways =

There are unlimited number of identical red, identical blue, identical green ball in stock.The number of ways of selection to have 10 balls in total is

(18498)
A 65

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B 66

C 67

D 68

As we have learned

Theorem of Combinations -

The number of combinations of n distinct objects taken r at a time when any object may be repeated any number of times is .

- wherein

Coefficient of in .

Number of ways =

The value of is equal to:

(2042)
A 560

B 680

C 1240

D 1085

As we learnt in

Theorem of Combination -

Each of the different groups or selection which can be made by taking r things from n things is called a combination.

- wherein

Where

Correct option is 2.

(13951)
A 3

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B 4

C 5

D 6

As we have learned

Theorem of Combination -

Each of the different groups or selection which can be made by taking r things from n things is called a combination.

- wherein

Where

(32657)
A 9

B 11

C 12

D 7

Theorem of Combination -

Each of the different groups or selection which can be made by taking r things from n things is called a combination.

- wherein

Where

(32743)
A

164

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120

240

Theorem of Combination -

Each of the different groups or selection which can be made by taking r things from n things is called a combination.

- wherein

Where

The number of ways of choosing 10 objects out of 31 objects of which 10 are identical and the remaining 21 is distinct, is:

(57661)
A

Theorem of Combination -

Each of the different groups or selection which can be made by taking r things from n things is called a combination.

- wherein

Where

No. of ways

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Which of the following pairs represent complementary combination ?

(18475)
A

D none of these

As we have learned

Complementary Combination -

If out of n things we take r at a time then we left (n - r) things. So .

- wherein

& are called complementary combinations.

Out of a group of 10 students , 4 has to deliver a sppech one by one in order . But out of these 10 , two students are decided , not to be included .

Then the number of ways in which speech can be delivered is

(18481)
A 1440

B 1680

C 1920

D 2125

As we have learned

Rule of Restricted Permutations -

The number of permutations of n dissimilar things takes r at a time when p particular things never occur is .

Since , two are not to be included , so all 4 has to be selected out of 8 only

its number of ways

Now ,m those selected four can speak in 4 ! ways

Total number of ways = 70 * 24 = 1680

The number of ways of selecting 15 teams from 15 men and 15 women, such that each team consists of a man and a woman, is :

(2560)
A 1120

B 1240

C 1880

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D 1960

APPLICATIONS OF SELECTIONS -II -

Restricted Combination

The number of selection of r objects from n different objects:

1. When k particular things are always included =

This can be comprehended as taking out those k things which have to be included which can be done in 1 way and then finding the ways in
which r-k objects can be selected and putting those k things in r-k selected objects.

2. k particular things are never included =

This can be comprehended as taking out k things which have not to be selected which can be done in 1 way and then finding the ways of
selecting r things from n-k things.

3. The number of ways selecting r things out of n different thing such that p particular objects are always included and q particular objects are
always excluded =

We use selections.

To select one man and woman out of 15 men and 15 women are

For the second team, we get

and so on, we have

The correct option is 2.

Directions : Question is Assertion-Reason type. The question contains two statements : Statement-1 (Assertion) and Statement-2 (Reason). Each of
these questions also has four alternative choices, only one of which is the correct answer. You have to select the correct choice.

Question : In a shop there are five types of icecreams available. A child buys six icecreams.

Statement - 1 : The number of different ways the child can buy the six icecreams is .

Statement - 2 : The number of different ways the child can buy the six ice-creams is equal to the number of different ways of arranging 6 and 4
in a row.

(5700)
A Statement-1 is true, Statement-2 is false

B Statement-1 is false, Statement-2 is true

C Statement-1 is true, Statement-2 is true? Statement-2 is a correct explanation for Statement-1

D Statement-1 is true, Statement-2 is true? Statement-2 is not a correct explanation for Statement-1

APPLICATIONS OF SELECTIONS -II -

Restricted Combination

The number of selection of r objects from n different objects:

1. When k particular things are always included =

This can be comprehended as taking out those k things which have to be included which can be done in 1 way and then finding the ways in
which r-k objects can be selected and putting those k things in r-k selected objects.

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2. k particular things are never included =

This can be comprehended as taking out k things which have not to be selected which can be done in 1 way and then finding the ways of
selecting r things from n-k things.

3. The number of ways selecting r things out of n different thing such that p particular objects are always included and q particular objects are
always excluded =

So, the statement -2 is true.

The correct option is 2.

Assume that each born child is equally likely to be a boy or a girl. If two families have two children each, then the conditional probability that all
children are girls given that at least two are girls is:

(57599)
A

APPLICATIONS OF SELECTIONS -II -

Restricted Combination

There are 4 children

total number of ways in which at least 2 girls are there

Required Probability =

Option (1) is correct.

A group of students comprises of 5 boys and n girls. If the number of ways, in which a team of 3 students can randomly be selected from this group
such that there is at least one boy and at least one girl in each team, is 1750, then n is equal to :

(58161)
A 28

B 27

C 25

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D 24

APPLICATIONS OF SELECTIONS -II -

Restricted Combination

The number of selection of r objects from n different objects:

1. When k particular things are always included =

This can be comprehended as taking out those k things which have to be included which can be done in 1 way and then finding the ways in
which r-k objects can be selected and putting those k things in r-k selected objects.

2. k particular things are never included =

This can be comprehended as taking out k things which have not to be selected which can be done in 1 way and then finding the ways of
selecting r things from n-k things.

3. The number of ways selecting r things out of n different thing such that p particular objects are always included and q particular objects are
always excluded =

at least one boy & one girl :

( 1B & 2G) + ( 2B & 1G)

As, n cannot be -ve so, n = 25

Video

16/30) Concept title APPLICATIONS OF SELECTIONS -II (92373)

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If there are n points in the plane and out of which no three are collinear then,
↑↓ ↑↓
1. Total No. of lines that can be formed using these n points = nC2

2. Total No. of triangles that can be formed using these n points = nC3

3. Total no. of Diagonals that can be formed in n sided polygon = nC2 - n

If there are n points in the plane and out of which m points are collinear, then,

1. Total No. of different lines that can be formed by joining these n points is

2. Total No. of different triangles that can be formed by joining these n points is

3. Total No. of different quadrilaterals formed by joining these n points is

Text
If m parallel lines in a plane are intersected by the family of other n parallel lines, then the total number of parallelograms formed is

Number of rectangles and squares

1. Number of rectangles of any size in a square of n x n is and number of squares of any size is .

2. In a rectangle of n x p (n < p) number of rectangles of any size is and number of squares of any size is

Book Algebra (Arihant) - Page no: 398, Line No: Example no. 110, Para:

How many lines can be drawn from 10 points such that none of 3 points are collinear?

Mathematics for Joint Entrance Examination JEE (Advanced) : Algebra - Page no: 7.38, Line No: 1, Para:

EXAMPLE 7.10

Description

Question
Number of rectangles on a chess board equals

(18465)
A 1296

B 1440

C 1125

D 1020

As we have learned

Number of rectangles -

Number of rectangles of any size in a square of is .

- wherein

Where

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Number of rectangle =

Number of squares on a chess boards equals

(18466)
A 196

B 204

C 1140

D 1296

As we have learned

Number of squares -

Number of squares of any size from is .

- wherein

NUmber of squares =

There is a rectangular grid of , which is divided internally into 63 sqaures of 1 unit length each , then the number of rectangules that can be
formed on this grid is

(18467)
A 204

B 1140

C 1260

D none of these

As we have learned

Number of rectangles -

In a rectangle of number of rectangles of any size

- wherein

Where (P > n)

Numer of rectangle =

There is rectangle of which is further divided internally into squares of unit division , by drawing lines parallel to sides of rectangle , then the
number of squares on that rectangle , which can be formed is

(18468)
A 22

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B 30

C 32

D 40

As we have learned

Number of squares -

In a rectangle of , number of squares of any size is

Number of squares =

7 straight lines are there in a plane , such that no two are parallel and no three are on current , then number of parts , in which the palne will be
divided by these lines is

(18469)
A 27

B 29

C 31

D 33

As we have learned

Number of Planes -

n straight lines are drawn in the plane such that no two lines are parallel and no three lines are concurrent. Then the number of parts which these
line divide the plane is equal to .

Number of parts = 1 + (1+2+3+.....7 )

A question paper has 10 questions. Then the number of ways in which a student can attempt the paper so that he score at least one question is

(18470)
A 1023

B 512

C 1024

D 20

As we have learned

Rule for answering of n different questions -

The number of ways of answering one or more of n question is .

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Number of ways =

A question paper has 6 question with one alternative each . Then the number of ways in which a student can attempt the paper , so that he solve at
least one question is

(18471)
A 729

B 728

C 18

D 17

As we have learned

Rule for answering of n different questions -

The number of ways of answering one or more of n questions when each question has an alternative .

Number of ways =

A question paper has 10 question , with one alternative each . Then the number of ways of attempting the paper , when each question is to be
answered is

(18472)
A 20

B 100

C 1024

D 1023

As we have learned

Rule for answering n different questions -

The number of ways of answering all of n question when each question has an alternative is 2n.

- wherein

True - False questions.

Number of ways = 1024

Let be the number of all possible triangles formed by joining vertices of an n-sided regular polygon. If then the value of n is

(3944)
A 8

B 7

C 5

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D 10

APPLICATIONS OF SELECTIONS - III (GEOMETRICAL APPLICATIONS) -

If there are n points in the plane and out of which no three are collinear then,

1. Total No. of lines that can be formed using these n points = nC2

2. Total No. of triangles that can be formed using these n points = nC3

3. Total no. of Diagonals that can be formed in n sided polygon = nC2 - n

no. of the selection of 3 vertices out of n vertices

Suppose that 20 pillars of the same height have been erected along the boundary of a circular stadium. If the top of each pillar has been connected
by beams with the top of all its non-adjacent pillars, then the total number of beams is :

(58095)
A 170

B 180

C 210

D 190

APPLICATIONS OF SELECTIONS - III (GEOMETRICAL APPLICATIONS) -

If there are n points in the plane and out of which no three are collinear then,

1. Total No. of lines that can be formed using these n points = nC2

2. Total No. of triangles that can be formed using these n points = nC3

3. Total no. of Diagonals that can be formed in n sided polygon = nC2 - n

Any two non-adjacent pillars are joined by beams.

no. of beams = no. of diagonals

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Option (1) is correct.

If three of the six vertices of a regular hexagon are chosen at random, then the probability that the triangle formed with these chosen vertices is
equilateral is :

(58125)
A

APPLICATIONS OF SELECTIONS - III (GEOMETRICAL APPLICATIONS) -

If there are n points in the plane and out of which no three are collinear then,

1. Total No. of lines that can be formed using these n points = nC2

2. Total No. of triangles that can be formed using these n points = nC3

3. Total no. of Diagonals that can be formed in n sided polygon = nC2 - n

Only two equilateral triangles are possible and

Video

17/30) Concept title APPLICATIONS OF SELECTIONS - III (GEOMETRICAL APPLICATIONS) (92377)

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To determine the number of ways to reach in the shortest way from point A to B.
↑↓ ↑↓

When considering the possible paths or shortest path one can observe that the total number of steps in the forward direction is 6-R(Right) and in

Text the upward direction is 4-U(Upward)

Now, If we arrange in any way it comes to be the shortest path.

Or one can say that first find all the possible steps and arrange them to get the total number of possible ways.

Using "u" and "r" we can write out a path:

r r r r r r u u u u

r r r u u u u r r r

many more...

Hence, the total number of ways is or,

Book Mathematics for Joint Entrance Examination JEE (Advanced) : Algebra - Page no: 1.16, Line No: 4, Para:

Description

Question
Number of ways of selecting at least one object out of 5 distinct objects

(18484)
A 34

B 33

C 32

D 31

As we have learned

Rule for selection of one or more objects -

The number of ways in which a selection of one or more objects can be made from n distinct object is .

- wherein

Hence x = 1

Number of ways =

A box contains 10 distinct balls , then the number of ways of selecting none or more balls from it is

(18487)
A 256

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B 20

C 100

D 1024

As we have learned

Rule for Combinations -

The number of ways in which a selection of NONE, ONE or MORE objects can be made from n DISTINCT objects is .

Number of ways =

There are 3 sections in a question paper & each section contains 5 questions. A candidate has to answer a total of 5 questions, choosing at least
one question from each section. Then the number of ways in which the candidate can choose questions is:

(111631)
A 3000

B 2250

C 2255

D 1500

Case I: 3, 1, 1

The number of ways is

Case II: 2, 2, 1

The number of ways is

The total number of ways 2250.

The total number of matrices A having entries from the set such that the sum of all the diagonal entries of is 9 , is equal to ___________.

(120766)
A 0

B 8

C 88

D 766

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Total no. of ways = 1 + 9 + 8 X 63 + 63 X 4 = 766.

Video

18/30) Concept title APPLICATIONS OF SELECTIONS-IV (92383)

Showing 1 to 4 of 4 entries Previous 1 Next

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In certain situations, one has the liberty of selecting any number of objects from n (say) given objects. In this case, one can select 1 object or 2
↑↓ ↑↓
objects or 3 objects or so on or all n objects. Just as one could have selected n objects, one could also have selected none of the given objects
i.e. selected 0 objects.

Further, if the n objects are all different objects then not just how many are to be selected but a further question of which objects are selected
also assumes importance. Thus there are two cases viz. the n objects being distinct or being identical.

Selections of Any number of objects out of n DISTINCT objects:

Total no. of selections [Including empty Selections ]

Text

Total no. of Non Empty selection = ways

Example: A buffet dinner consists of 5 different dishes. In how many different ways can one help oneself if he has to take at least one dish?

Book Algebra (Arihant) - Page no: 379, Line No: 1, Para:

Combination from identical objects

Mathematics for Joint Entrance Examination JEE (Advanced) : Algebra - Page no: 7.24, Line No: 67, Para:

SELECTION FROM IDENTICAL OBJECTS

Description

Question
Number of ways of selecting at least one object out of 5 distinct objects

(18484)
A 34

B 33

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C 32

D 31

As we have learned

Rule for selection of one or more objects -

The number of ways in which a selection of one or more objects can be made from n distinct object is .

- wherein

Hence x = 1

Number of ways =

A box contains 10 distinct balls , then the number of ways of selecting none or more balls from it is

(18487)
A 256

B 20

C 100

D 1024

As we have learned

Rule for Combinations -

The number of ways in which a selection of NONE, ONE or MORE objects can be made from n DISTINCT objects is .

Number of ways =

A bag contains 5 identical red balls , 4 identical green balls , 3 identical black balls then the number of ways of selecting none or more balls is

(18488)
A 12

B 60

C 120

D 119

As we have learned

Theorem of Combinations -

The number of ways of selecting from a collection of m objects of one kind, n objects of another kind and p objects of another kind are (m + 1) (n + 1)
(p + 1).

Number of ways = (5+1)(4+1)(3+1) =

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A bag contains four coins of each 1 rupee, 2 rupees and 5 rupees. Assuming coins of same denomination to be identical. The number of ways of
donating some amount to a begger is

(18493)
A 12

B 11

C 64

D 124

As we have learned

Theorem of Combinations -

The number of ways of selecting at least one item from a collection of m objects of one kind, n objects of another kind and p other kind is (m + 1) (n +
1) (p + 1) -1.

Number of ways = (4+1)(4+1)(4+1)-1 = 124

A bag contains 3 identical red ball , 4 identical blue balls, 5 identicals green balls . The number of ways of selecting at least one ball from each color
is

(18495)
A 60

B 12

C 120

D 15

As we have learned

Theorem of Combinations -

The number of ways of selecting at least one objects of each kind from a collection of m objects of one kind, n objects of another kind and p objects
of other kind is mnp.

Number of ways =

There are unlimited number of identical red, identical blue, identical green ball in stock.The number of ways of selection to have 10 balls in total is

(18498)
A 65

B 66

C 67

D 68

As we have learned

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Theorem of Combinations -

The number of combinations of n distinct objects taken r at a time when any object may be repeated any number of times is .

- wherein

Coefficient of in .

Number of ways =

Let n > 2 be an integer. Suppose that there are n Metro station in a city located along a circular path. Each pair of stations is connected by a straight
track only. Further, each pair of nearest station is connected by blue line, whereas all remaining pair of stations are connected by red line. If the
number of red lines is 99 times the number of blue lines, then the value of n is :

(116318)
A 101

B 201

C 200

D 199

Number of blue lines = Number of sides = n

Number of red lines = number of diagonals =

Video

19/30) Concept title SELECTION OF ANY NUMBER OF DISTINCT OBJECTS (92385)

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Selections of Any number of objects out of n IDENTICAL objects:

↑↓ ↑↓
Total no. of selections [Including empty Selections ] = (n+1) ways

Total no. of Non Empty selection = n ways

These both cases can be justified as selecting 1 or 2 or 3...or...n objects can be done in 1 way so total n ways and if we don’t select any then it
adds one more way of 0 selection, hence n+1 ways
Text

Question: In how many different ways can a person make a purchase from a fruit seller who has 5 mangoes, 8 apples and 10 oranges left with
him and if the person has to purchase at least 1 mango, at least 1 apple and at least 1 orange?

Solution: Since at least 1 of each type has to be purchased, the number of ways with each of the different fruits is 5 ways, 8 ways and 10 ways.
Thus, the total number of ways in which the purchase can be made is 5 × 8 × 10 = 400 ways.

Book Mathematics Textbook for Class VII - Page no: , Line No: , Para:

Mathematics for Joint Entrance Examination JEE (Advanced) : Algebra - Page no: 7.24, Line No: 80, Para:

Selection of at least one object from n Identical objects

Algebra (Arihant) - Page no: 379, Line No: 1, Para:

Selection of at least one object from n Identical objects

Description

Question
An urn contains nine balls of which three are red, four are blue and two are green. Three balls are drawn at random without replacement from the
urn. The probability that the three balls have different colours is

(5868)
A

SELECTION OF ANY NUMBER OF IDENTICAL OBJECTS -

Selections of Any number of objects out of n IDENTICAL objects:

Total no. of selections [Including empty Selections ] = (n+1) ways

Total no. of Non Empty selection = n ways

These both cases can be justified as selecting 1 or 2 or 3...or...n objects can be done in 1 way so total n ways and if we don’t select any then it adds
one more way of 0 selection, hence n+1 ways

A bag contains 5 identical red balls and 6 distinct black balls , then number of ways of selecting atleast one ball is

(18500)
A 381

B 382

C 383

D 384

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SELECTION OF ANY NUMBER OF IDENTICAL OBJECTS -

Number of ways =

A shopkeeper has 10 copies of each of nine different books, then number of ways in which atleast one book can be selected is

(52243)
A

SELECTION OF ANY NUMBER OF IDENTICAL OBJECTS -

Theorem of Combinations -

The number of ways of selecting at least one item from a collection of m objects of one kind, n objects of another kind and p other kind is (m + 1) (n +
1) (p + 1) -1.

selection of atleast one book =

9 times

Video

20/30) Concept title SELECTION OF ANY NUMBER OF IDENTICAL OBJECTS (92400)

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Consider that 12 people have to be divided among the three groups of unequal sizes such as one group has 3 members, one group
↑↓ ↑↓
has 4 members and one group has 5 members?

We could have formed a group of 3 members in ways. Having formed a group of three, we would be left with 12 – 3 = 9 people. A group of
9
4 members can be formed from these 9 members in C4 ways. For each group of 3 members formed earlier, there would be further ways of
forming a group of four. Thus, the total possible number of ways of forming a group of 3 and a group of 4 would be . Now there
would be 5 people left who are the third group i.e. the third group can be formed in only 1 way. To maintain consistency, we will say that the third
group can be formed in ways (which is 1 anyways).

Thus the total number of ways of forming the groups is . This concept can be generalized for (m+n+r) distinct objects which
Text has to be grouped into three unequal groups containing m,n and r objects. so this grouping can be done in

This same thing will apply for (m+n) distinct object which has to be grouped in two unequal containing m, and n items.

When the order of a group is important:

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Book Mathematics for Joint Entrance Examination JEE (Advanced) : Algebra - Page no: 7.26, Line No: 22, Para:

DIVISION AND DISTRIBUTION OF DISTINCT NUMBERS

Algebra (Arihant) - Page no: 381, Line No: 37, Para:

DIVISION OF OBJECTS INTO GROUPS

Description

Question
Which of the following can be possible ?

(18455)
A An arrangement of 6 identical objects into all eight distinct groups

B The arrangement of 6 distinct objects into all seven distinct groups

C Distribution of 5 distinct balls aways 6 peoples , so that each receive at least one

D Arrangement of 6 distinct objects, into 6 distinct groups, each group having at least one object

As we have learned

Division into Groups -

We make arrangement of r different groups from n different things.

In (A ) , (B) and (C ) number of objects are smaller than number of groups . So (A) , (B) , (C ) are not possible , but only possible is (D )

Number of ways in which 10 identical balls can be distributed among 5 students so that each get one is

(18456)
A

As we have learned

Rule for Division into Groups -

The number of ways in which n different things can be arranged into r different groups is .

- wherein

Where

Number of ways =

No. of ways of alloting three rooms of a hotel among 12 guest , where one room has capacity of 3 . other has capacity of 4 and third has capacity of
5 is

(18503)
A 12 !

B 27720

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D (3)! )(4)! (5)!

DIVISION OF OBJECTS INTO GROUPING (when size of group is not equal) -

This concept can be generalized for (m+n+r) distinct objects which has to be grouped into three unequal groups containing m,n and r objects. so this
grouping can be done in

This same thing will apply for (m+n) distinct object which has to be grouped in two unequal containing m, and n items.

When the order of a group is important:

Firstly 12 groups has to be divided into three groups of 3 , 4 and 5

No. of ways of division =

After division allotement can be done only in one way

Total number of ways =

Out of a group of 8 students, 5 are to be arranged in a queue, among which particular 3 out of 8 must be definitely there. Then the number of ways in
which queue can be formed is

(18477)
A 1000

B 1100

C 1200

D 1300

DIVISION OF OBJECTS INTO GROUPING (when size of group is not equal) -

This concept can be generalized for (m+n+r) distinct objects which has to be grouped into three unequal groups containing m,n and r objects. so this
grouping can be done in

This same thing will apply for (m+n) distinct object which has to be grouped in two unequal containing m, and n items.

When the order of a group is important:

Out of 8 students - 3 students already fixed

So out of remaining 5 - any two has to be included more

no. of ways of selecting those two =

Now we have a total of 5 students, so every five can be allocated in 5 ! i.e 120 ways

Total number of ways = 120 * 10 = 1200

The students are to be divided into 3 groups A, B and C such that each group has at least one student and the group C has at
most 3 students. Then the total number of possibilities of forming such groups is _______.
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(117010)
A 31650

B 3165

C 36150

D 3165

If group C has one student then number of groups

If group C has two students then number of groups

If group C has three students then number of groups

So total groups =31650

Video

21/30) Concept title DIVISION OF OBJECTS INTO GROUPING (when size of group is not equal) (92401)

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Number of ways of dividing mn object into m groups such that all groups contain n objects:
↑↓ ↑↓

1. If the order of the group is not important =

2. If the order of groups is important =

Text
Example: How many ways 12 people can be divided into 3 groups, such that all three of them contain 4 people each.

Solution: The number of ways of forming the three groups is . Since we are multiplying these three factors, we are inadvertently
also arranging the groups in a particular order. (Remember that if one position can be filled in 5 ways, another can be filled in 4 ways, third can
be filled in 3 ways, when we apply the rule of AND i.e. 5 × 4 × 3, we are basically finding the number of “arrangements” of the three positions)

But the question requires us to just form groups and we do not have to “arrange” the groups. Since we have arranged 3 objects which did not
have to be arranged, we have counted each unique way of forming the groups 3! times i.e. 6 times. Thus, the correct answer would be found by
dividing the earlier found answer by 3!

Book Mathematics Textbook for Class VII - Page no: , Line No: , Para:

Mathematics for Joint Entrance Examination JEE (Advanced) : Algebra - Page no: 7.26, Line No: 22, Para:

DIVISION AND DISTRIBUTION

Algebra (Arihant) - Page no: 381, Line No: 37, Para:

Division of objects into group

Description

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Question Number of ways in which a pack of 52 cards can be distributed equally among four person is

(18457)
A

As we have learned

Rule for Division into Groups -

Number of ways in which different objects can be distributed equally among n persons

Number of ways =

The number of ways in which two teams can be formed out of 7 students so that one has 3 members and other has 4 members

(18458)
A 35

B 40

C 45

D 50

As we have learned

Rule for Division into Groups -

The number of ways in which (m + n) different things can be divided into two groups which contain m and n things respectively is .

NUmber of ways =

Number of ways in which 10 students can be divided equally into two group is

(18459)
A 124

B 126

C 128

D 130

As we have learned

Rule for Division into Groups -

The number of ways in which 2n different things can be divided equally into two group is .

NUmber of ways =
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No. of ways of distributing 6 distinct pencils among 2 students is

(18460)
A 10

B 15

C 64

D 25

As we have elarned

Rule for Division into Groups -

The number of ways in which 2n different things can be divided equally into two distinct groups is .

No. of ways of distributing 6 distinct pencils among 2 students

1st pencil can be distributed among 2 students is 2 ways

2nd pencil can be distributed among 2 students is 2 ways

3rd pencil can be distributed among 2 students is 2 ways

4rth pencil can be distributed among 2 students is 2 ways

5th pencil can be distributed among 2 students is 2 ways

6th pencil can be distributed among 2 students is 2 ways

Total = 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 = 64

Number of ways of dividing 9 students equally into 3 teams is

(18461)
A 70

B 140

C 210

D 280

As we have learned

Rule for Division into Groups -

The number of ways in which 3P different things can be divided equally into three groups is .

NUmber of ways =

NUmber of ways in which 10 distinct pens can be divided equally into two parts is

(18462)
A 126

B 120

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C 112

D 110

As we have learned

Rule for Division into Groups -

The number of ways in which mn different things can be divided equally into m groups is .

Number of ways =

Number of ways in which 9 guest can be accomodated into three rooms of hotel where each room can accomodate only three is

(18463)
A 1440

B 1680

C 1920

D 2140

As we have learned

Rule for Division into Groups -

The number of ways in which 3P different things can be divided eqully into three distinct groups is .

Number of ways =

Video

22/30) Concept title DIVISION OF OBJECTS INTO GROUPING (when size of group is equal) (92402)

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Find the positive number of solutions of a+b+c = 6 such that a,b,c belongs to a positive integer.
↑↓ ↑↓
Solution: Since zero is included, we have a ≥ 0, b ≥ 0, c ≥ 0

Let us write down the solution of a+b+c=6

Case 1: 0+0+6 it can be arranged in

Case 2: 0+1+5 it can be arranged in 3!

Case 3: 1+1+4 it can be arranged in

Case 4: 1+2+3 it can be arranged in 3!

Text
Case 5: 0+2+4 it can be arranged in 3!

Case 6: 0+3+3 it can be arranged in

Case 7: 2+2+2 it can be arranged in

Total Number of the solution is 28

We can also conclude this result as,

Number of solutions is equivalent to the number of ways of distributing 6 things into 3 different groups, hence the total number of solutions

Book Mathematics for Joint Entrance Examination JEE (Advanced) : Algebra - Page no: 7.29, Line No: Last Line, Para:

ILLUSTRATION 7.113

Algebra (Arihant) - Page no: 388, Line No: 31, Para:

Example 83

Description

Question
Then number of ways of distributing 8 identical balls in 3 distinct boxes so that none of the boxes is empty is

(5695)
A

B 21

C 5

As we learnt in

Theorem of Number of Solutions -

Number of non-negative integral solutions of the equation x1 + x2 + x3 +......... + xr=n is .

- wherein

Where

Let the number of balls in 3 boxes be x, y, z.

Now

x+y+z=8

(x - 1) + (y - 1) + (z - 1) = 8 - 3

x' + y' + z' = 5

Positive integral solutions are =

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Correct option is 2.

Number of positive integral solution for the equation a+b+c+d = 10 is

(18513)
A 84

B 120

C 720

D 1440

As we have learned

Theorem of Integral Solutions -

Number of positive integral solutions of equation x1 + x2 + x3 + ..........+ xr =n is .

- wherein

Where

Number of positive integral solution =

The total number of 3-digit numbers, whose sum of digits is 10, is _______.

(111809)
A 54

B 28

C 64

D 32

Let three-digit number is xyz

The total number of positive integral solutions (x, y, z) such that xyz = 24 is:

(117067)
A 45

B 24

C 30

D 36

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Video

23/30) Concept title FINDING NUMBER OF SOLUTIONS OF EQUATIONS (92403)

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Find the Natural number of solutions of a+b+c = 6 such that a,b,c belongs to a positive integer.
↑↓ ↑↓
Solution: Since zero is included, we have a ≥ 1, b ≥ 1, c ≥ 1

Let us write down the solution of a+b+c=6

Case 1: 1+1+4 it can be arranged in

Case 2: 1+2+3 it can be arranged in 3!

Text
Case 3: 2+2+2 it can be arranged in

Total Number of the solution is 10

We can also conclude this result as,

Number of solutions is equivalent to the number of ways of distributing 3 things into 3 different groups, hence the total number of solutions

Book Algebra (Arihant) - Page no: 388, Line No: 31, Para:

Example 83

Mathematics for Joint Entrance Examination JEE (Advanced) : Algebra - Page no: 7.29, Line No: Last Line, Para:

ILLUSTRATION 7.113

Description

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Question
Then number of ways of distributing 8 identical balls in 3 distinct boxes so that none of the boxes is empty is

(5695)
A

B 21

C 5

As we learnt in

Theorem of Number of Solutions -

Number of non-negative integral solutions of the equation x1 + x2 + x3 +......... + xr=n is .

- wherein

Where

Let the number of balls in 3 boxes be x, y, z.

Now

x+y+z=8

(x - 1) + (y - 1) + (z - 1) = 8 - 3

x' + y' + z' = 5

Positive integral solutions are =

Correct option is 2.

Number of positive integral solution for the equation a+b+c+d = 10 is

(18513)
A 84

B 120

C 720

D 1440

As we have learned

Theorem of Integral Solutions -

Number of positive integral solutions of equation x1 + x2 + x3 + ..........+ xr =n is .

- wherein

Where

Number of positive integral solution =

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Video

24/30) Concept title FINDING NUMBER OF SOLUTIONS OF EQUATIONS (Special Case) (92405)

Showing 1 to 4 of 4 entries Previous 1 Next

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suppose we have to arrange ‘n’ different objects into ‘r’ different groups, such that each group contains at least one or more than one object. To
↑↓ ↑↓
do this suppose we arrange ‘n’ different objects in a row first, which can be done in n n! ways, now after arranging them we need to add r-1
partition between them to make r group and we can choose those r-1 partitions (spaces) from n-1 partitions (spaces) available, so the total
number of ways of arranging n different things into r different objects = .

Distribution of n different things into r different groups such that no group is empty:
Suppose we need to distribute 5 different hats in 3 different box such that no box is empty. To solve such type of question we go with basic logic
and basic use of permutation and combination

So we should first distribute 1 hat to each 3 boxes so that none of them remain empty. Now we will be left with 2 hats, those 2 hats can be
distributed to 1 group forming group combination as 1 1 3 or 1-1 hat to 2 different groups giving the combination 1 2 2. So in that way we will get
two cases

Case I:

we can select 1 object from 5 objects for box B1 in ways and 1 from remaining 4 objects B2 in ways and 3 objects from 3 objects for B3
in

Text And the ways objects can distribute in boxes (1 1 3) combination is ways.

So the total number of ways of distributing the box

Following the same logic for Case II,

Total number of possible ways of distribution

Hence total ways = 60+90 = 150.

Direct Formula:

Number of ways in which n different things can be distributed into r different group is

Example: In how many ways 7 different balls can be arranged in 3 different box such that no box is empty?

Solution: using the above concept directly =

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Book Mathematics Textbook for Class VII - Page no: , Line No: , Para:

Mathematics for Joint Entrance Examination JEE (Advanced) : Algebra - Page no: 7.26, Line No: 22, Para:

DIVISION

Algebra (Arihant) - Page no: 386, Line No: 1, Para:

Arrangement in groups

Description

Question
In how many ways can 6 distinct hats be put in 4 distinct boxes such that no box is empty?

(96356)
A 4090

B 1560

C 620

D None of these

DISTRIBUTION OF DISTINCT OBJECTS INTO DISTINCT PLACES -

suppose we have to arrange ‘n’ different objects into ‘r’ different groups, such that each group contains at least one or more than one object. To do
this suppose we arrange ‘n’ different objects in a row first, which can be done in n n! ways, now after arranging them we need to add r-1 partition
between them to make r group and we can choose those r-1 partitions (spaces) from n-1 partitions (spaces) available, so the total number of ways of
arranging n different things into r different objects = .

So we should first distribute 1 hat to each 3 boxes so that none of them remain empty. Now we will be left with 2 hats, those 2 hats can be distributed
to 1 group forming group combination as 1 1 3 or 1-1 hat to 2 different groups giving the combination 1 2 2. So in that way we will get two cases

Case I:

we can select 1 object from 5 objects for box B1 in ways and 1 from remaining 4 objects B2 in ways and 3 objects from 3 objects for B3 in

And the ways objects can distribute in boxes (1 1 3) combination is ways.

So the total number of ways of distributing the box

Following the same logic for Case II,

Total number of possible ways of distribution

Hence total ways = 60+90 = 150.

Each box must contain atleast one hat. Boxes can have hats in the following systems

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The number of ways in which hats can be put in system I :

total number of ways to distribute 1, 1, 1, 3 hats to the boxes:

The number of ways in which hats can be put in system II :

total number of ways to distribute 1, 1, 1, 3 hats to the boxes:

Total number of ways : 480+1080=1560

In how many ways can 5 different books can be tied up in 4 bundles?

(96359)
A 100

B 240

C 24

D 10

DISTRIBUTION OF DISTINCT OBJECTS INTO DISTINCT PLACES -

Direct Formula:

Number of ways in which n different things can be distributed into r different group is

The number of ways =

If 10 distinct balls are kept in 4 distinct boxes randomly, then what is the probability that two boxes have 2 and 3 balls?

(98072)
A

110114

DISTRIBUTION OF DISTINCT OBJECTS INTO DISTINCT PLACES -

Multiplication rule of probability for more than two events

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If A, B and C are three events associated with sample space, then we have

P(A ∩ B ∩ C) = P(A) P(B|A) P(C|A ∩ B)

= P(A) P(B|A) P(C|AB)

Similarly, the multiplication rule of probability can be extended for four or more events.

Two boxes pick from 4 boxes is and can be arranged in 2! ways

is the total number of possible cases in which remaining two boxes contains balls

is total number of possible cases in which remaining four boxes contains balls

Required Probability=

Correct Option 2

Video

25/30) Concept title DISTRIBUTION OF DISTINCT OBJECTS INTO DISTINCT PLACES (92406)

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This type of concept can be comprehended as placing all n identical objects to be distributed in a row then putting marks of competition in
↑↓ ↑↓
selecting (r-1) spaces out n-1 available space as r-1 space will divide the whole object in r groups.

And those r-1 spaces can be selected from n-1 places in ways. And this will be our total ways of distribution as objects are identical. In
this distribution we are not leaving any group empty.

If empty groups are allowed then formula becomes .

Alternative:

This thing can also be comprehended as following

name the groups as a1,a2,...,ar, then distribute all objects among them, after distribution sum of objects in all group will remain the same,
Text
so it can be written as a1 + a2 + a3+...+ ar=n …(i)

Now if empty groups are allowed we need to find the whole number solution of the equation (i) other natural number solution of equation (i).

Example: In how many ways can 8 Identical chocolate be distributed among 3 children, such that each student can get any number and at least
one?

Solution: using the above concept, we use direct formula for this, so we have

Book Mathematics for Joint Entrance Examination JEE (Advanced) : Algebra - Page no: 7.26, Line No: 22, Para:

Algebra (Arihant) - Page no: 386, Line No: 1, Para:

Arrangement in Groups

Description

Question
Statement-1 : The number of ways of distributing 10 identical balls in 4 distinct boxes such that no box is empty is

Statement-2 : The number of ways of choosing any 3 places from 9 different places is

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(5941)
A Statement-1 is true, Statement-2 is false.

B Statement-1 is false, Statement-2 is true.

C Statement-1 is true, Statement-2 is true; Statement-2 is a correct explanation for Statement-1.

D Statement-1 is true, Statement-2 is true; Statement-2 is not a correct explanation for Statement-1.

DISTRIBUTION OF IDENTICAL OBJECTS INTO DISTINCT PLACES -

And those r-1 spaces can be selected from n-1 places in ways. And this will be our total ways of distribution as objects are identical. In this
distribution we are not leaving any group empty.

If empty groups are allowed then formula becomes .

Let 4 distinct boxes be x, y, z and w

x + y + z + w = 10,

ways =

Correct option is 4.

In how many ways can 8 identical chocolates be distributed among three children such that each can get any number of chocolates (including zero)?

(96364)
A 68

B 24

C 45

D 21

DISTRIBUTION OF IDENTICAL OBJECTS INTO DISTINCT PLACES -

And those r-1 spaces can be selected from n-1 places in ways. And this will be our total ways of distribution as objects are identical. In this
distribution we are not leaving any group empty.

If empty groups are allowed then formula becomes .

8 identical chocolates be distributed among three children

n = 8, r = 3

total number of ways =

Three boys picked up 20 oranges. In how many ways can they divide oranges if all oranges are identical?

(96366)

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A 1140

B 231

C 91

D 480

DISTRIBUTION OF IDENTICAL OBJECTS INTO DISTINCT PLACES -

And those r-1 spaces can be selected from n-1 places in ways. And this will be our total ways of distribution as objects are identical. In this
distribution we are not leaving any group empty.

If empty groups are allowed then formula becomes .

20 oranges can be distributed among 3 boys such that each boy can receive any number of oranges

Total number of ways

Video

26/30) Concept title DISTRIBUTION OF IDENTICAL OBJECTS INTO DISTINCT PLACES (92407)

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To understand this we continue with our previous example with little change, suppose we want to distribute 5 distinct hats in 3 Identical boxes
↑↓ ↑↓
such that each box receives at least 1 hat, this question is exactly what our concept is about, so by solving this we can understand our concept.
So to do that we can distribute 3 hats to 1-1 each to all 3 groups, after that we can place remaining 2 hats in one group or 1-1 to 2 groups

So we will have to situation

1st = 1 1 3, 2nd = 1 2 2 but remember groups are identical

Now these cases are similar to the division of groups where group sizes are given
Text
So, according to 1st case, we can be distributed hats in

Similarly for 2nd case,

So the total number of ways of distribution

Book Mathematics for Joint Entrance Examination JEE (Advanced) : Algebra - Page no: 7.26, Line No: 22, Para:

Algebra (Arihant) - Page no: 386, Line No: 1, Para:

Arrangement in groups

Description

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Question
In how many ways a pack of 52 cards can be divided into four group of 13 cards each?

(96368)
A

D None of these

DISTRIBUTION OF DISTINCT OBJECTS INTO IDENTICAL PLACES -

To understand this we continue with our previous example with little change, suppose we want to distribute 5 distinct hats in 3 Identical boxes such
that each box receives at least 1 hat, this question is exactly what our concept is about, so by solving this we can understand our concept. So to do
that we can distribute 3 hats to 1-1 each to all 3 groups, after that we can place remaining 2 hats in one group or 1-1 to 2 groups

So we will have to situation

1st = 1 1 3, 2nd = 1 2 2 but remember groups are identical

Now these cases are similar to the division of groups where group sizes are given

So, according to 1st case, we can be distributed hats in

Similarly for 2nd case,

So the total number of ways of distribution

Each group will get 13 cards. Now, the first group can be given 13 cards in ways.

the second group can be given 13 cards in ways (52 - 13 = 39 cards remaining)

the third group can be given 13 cards in ways (39 - 13 = 26 cards remaining)

the fourth group can be given 13 cards in ways (26 - 13 = 39 cards remaining)

toral number of ways =

(4 identical groups can be interchanged in 4! ways)

Video

27/30) Concept title DISTRIBUTION OF DISTINCT OBJECTS INTO IDENTICAL PLACES (92410)

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In this type, it does not matter which object goes in which group as all objects are identical, the only thing that matters is how many objects go
↑↓ ↑↓
into groups, and that means ordering or group does not matter

Example: In how many ways can 12 identical hats be put in 3 identical boxes such that each box has at least 2 hats?

Solution: First and foremost 2 hats should be put in each box (which two does not matter as all are identical) Now we are left with 6 hats to be
put in 3 identical boxes. As learned earlier, in the case of identical boxes, we have only concerned with grouping the 6 hats in 3 “un-ordered”
Text groups.

The hurdle is that the group sizes could be anything. Thus again we individually consider all case of grouping 6 hats into 3 groups, with groups
being every possible size. The possibilities are {0, 0, 6}; {0, 1, 5}; {0, 2, 4}; {0, 3, 3}; {1, 1, 4}; {1, 2, 3}; {2, 2, 2} i.e. 7 possibilities.

The fortunate part is that we do not have to do anything further and 7 is our answer because each possible way of grouping can be done in only
1 way. Why? Because all hats are identical, so “which hat is in which group” does not matter.

Thus, the answer is 7 ways.

Book Mathematics for Joint Entrance Examination JEE (Advanced) : Algebra - Page no: 7.26, Line No: 22, Para:

Algebra (Arihant) - Page no: 386, Line No: 1, Para:

Arrangement in Groups

Description

Question
How many ways can 9 identical balls be placed in three identical boxes?

(97281)
A 12

B 36

C 72

D None of these

DISTRIBUTION OF IDENTICAL OBJECTS INTO IDENTICAL PLACES -

In this type, it does not matter which object goes in which group as all objects are identical, the only thing that matters is how many objects go into
groups, and that means ordering or group does not matter
-

Hence, we shall look into how many ways a sum of 9 can be achieved as a sum of three digits. Here are the patterns:-

1. 9 = 9 + 0 + 0
2. 9 = 8 +1 + 0 Here, 8 + 0 + 1 can not be considered as a separate pattern since its constituents 0, 1 and 8 are same; this is because, the three
boxes are non-distinguishable.
3. 9 = 7 + 2 + 0
4. 9 = 7 + 1 + 1
5. 9 = 6 + 3 + 0
6. 9 = 6 + 2 + 1
7. 9 = 5 + 4 + 0
8. 9 = 5 + 3 + 1
9. 9 = 5 + 2 + 2
10. 9 = 4 + 4 + 1
11. 9 = 4 + 3 + 2
12. 9 = 3 + 3 + 3

Now, all the above twelve patterns will have only one way of formation each, just the way it is - since, all the 9 balls are non-distinguishable.

So, there are 12 ways available.

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Video

28/30) Concept title DISTRIBUTION OF IDENTICAL OBJECTS INTO IDENTICAL PLACES (92412)

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Any change in the order of things in a group is called derangements. In other words, if n things are not placed at the place they are supposed to
↑↓ ↑↓
be placed then we say that ‘n’ things are deranged.

Standard Formula for n things which has to be placed at ‘n’ decided places but none of them are placed at those places is:

The standard formula for calculating D(n) (the number of ways of deranging ‘n’ objects):

GOLDEN TIP:

Substituting the value of ‘n’ as 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, we will get,

D(1)= 0

D(2)= 1

D(3)= 2
Text
D(4)= 9

D(5)= 44

D(6)= 265

A quicker way to find out the total number of possible derangements is just to memorize the above values by heart and use them instantly in the
questions.

Example: in how many ways can you form a dancing couple from 3 boys and 3 girls so that no boy dances with his respective girlfriend?

Solution: This is clearly a case of derangement of 3 boys and 3 girls.

The value can be interpreted as D(3) =2 ways

Book Mathematics Textbook for Class VII - Page no: , Line No: , Para:

Algebra (Arihant) - Page no: 390, Line No: 16, Para:

Dearrangement

Mathematics for Joint Entrance Examination JEE (Advanced) : Algebra - Page no: 7.34, Line No: Last Line, Para:

Dearrangement

Description

Question
Number of ways in which a matrix match arrangement of order 5*5 with one to one correspondence can be attempted wrongly , with all matching
done is

(18464)
A 41

B 42

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C 43

D 44

As we have learned

Dearrangements -

If n things are arranged in a row, the number of ways in which they can be dearranged. So that none of them occupies its original place is .

Number of ways =

A person writes letters to five friends and addresses the corresponding envelopes. In how many ways can the letters be placed in the envelopes
such that at least any two of them are in the wrong envelope?

(96671)
A 719

B 119

C 24

D 20

DERANGEMENT -

Any change in the order of things in a group is called derangements. In other words, if n things are not placed at the place they are supposed to be
placed then we say that ‘n’ things are deranged.

Standard Formula for n things which has to be placed at ‘n’ decided places but none of them are placed at those places is:

The standard formula for calculating D(n) (the number of ways of deranging ‘n’ objects):

GOLDEN TIP:

Substituting the value of ‘n’ as 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, we will get,

D(1)= 0

D(2)= 1

D(3)= 2

D(4)= 9

D(5)= 44

D(6)= 265

A quicker way to find out the total number of possible derangements is just to memorize the above values by heart and use them instantly in the
questions.

The total number of ways of potting 5 letters into 5 envelopes is 5!

Number of ways to place all letters to correct envelopes is 1

Number of ways to place 1 letter in the wrong envelopes and other 4 into correct envelope = 0

Hence, the number of ways in which atleast two letters goes in wrong envelopes is

5! - 1 - 0 = 119

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In how many ways can 10 letters be placed in 10 addressed envelopes such that exactly 9 letters are in the correct envelope?

(96674)
A 1

B 10!-1

C 0

D None of these

DERANGEMENT -

Standard Formula for n things which has to be placed at ‘n’ decided places but none of them are placed at those places is:

The standard formula for calculating D(n) (the number of ways of deranging ‘n’ objects):

GOLDEN TIP:

Substituting the value of ‘n’ as 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, we will get,

D(1)= 0

D(2)= 1

D(3)= 2

D(4)= 9

D(5)= 44

D(6)= 265

A quicker way to find out the total number of possible derangements is just to memorize the above values by heart and use them instantly in the
questions.

It is not possible that exactly one letter goes to the wrong envelope.

Video

29/30) Concept title DERANGEMENT (92414)

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Permutations Vs Combinations
↑↓ ↑↓
Always remember, in an arrangement, the order is always important. Whereas, in Combination, the order is not important.

Consider the following examples-

1. Selecting a team of 11 from 16 players - Selection

Text
Drawing a batting line-up of 11 from 16 players - Arrangement

2. Selecting 3 students out of 10 students who will receive scholarships of the same value - Selection

Selecting 3 students out of 10 students who will receive scholarships of Rs. 500, Rs. 1000 and Rs. 2000 - Arrangement.

Book Mathematics Textbook for Class VII - Page no: , Line No: , Para:

Description

Question

Video

30/30) Concept title PERMUTATION Vs COMBINATION (92413)

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Permutations and Combinations are concerned with determining the number of different ways of arranging and selecting
objects out of a given number of objects, without actually listing them. These are generally referred to as “PnC”. This
chapter is all about logic and “counting”. PnC tests your ability to observe the pattern, your mathematical reasoning, and
creativity. From the exam point of view, PnC is one of the important chapters. Concepts of Permutations and combinations
are mostly used while solving the problems from probability. The problems of probability are no longer as simple as they
used to be in elementary standards. However, if you have a command on Permutations and combinations, the chapter
probability will be a piece of cake for you.

In this chapter, we are going to study the concepts and Applications of Permutations and combinations.

Following are the sub-topics that we are going to study:

1] Fundamental Principle of Counting:

OR Rule

AND Rule

2] Permutations:

Introduction

Derivation of Number of Ways of Permutations

Various applications of Permutations - Practice session

Geometrical Arrangements

Various applications of Geometrical Arrangements - Practice session

Permutation of Identical Objects

Various applications of Permutation of Identical Objects - Practice session

Rank of a word

3] Combinations:

Introduction

Number of ways of Combinations

Derivation of Number of ways of Combination

Permutations Vs Combinations

Various Applications of Combinations - Practice session

Number of Solutions(Whole/ Natural/ Odd/ Even) of equation [a+b+c = N]

4] Grouping

5] Distribution

6] Derangements
Text

Description

Video

Book Mathematics Textbook for Class VII - Page no: , Line No: , Para:

Mathematics for Joint Entrance Examination JEE (Advanced) : Algebra - Page no: , Line No: , Para:

Question
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Question

1/30) Concept title INTRODUCTION (92337)

Fundamental principle of counting is a rule used to find the total number of outcomes possible in a given situation.
Fundamental principle of counting can be classified into two types

1. Principle of multiplication (AND rule)

2. Principle of addition (OR rule)

Principle of multiplication:

If a certain work A can be done in m ways and following the work A another work B can be done in n ways, then the number
of ways of doing both the works are mxn ways.

So, in this case, he has two events, first traveling to New Delhi from Noida (event A) and then from New Delhi to Gurgaon
(event B followed by event A), as he can see for each 3 different ways of reaching New Delhi, he has 5 different ways to
reach Gurgaon, so in that way, he has a total of 3×5 = 15 different ways to reach Gurgaon from Noida.

Principal of addition:

Let A can occur in m ways and B can occur in n ways and both cannot occur simultaneously(in other ways we can say A
and B are independent events) Then A or B can occur in (m + n) ways.

For example, let’s say that a person can travel from New Delhi to Noida in 3 ways and from New Delhi to Gurgaon in 5
different ways, then the total number of ways the person can reach Noida or Gurgaon will be 3 + 5 ways, as he has all the
possibilities open for himself.
Text

Description

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Book Mathematics Textbook for Class VII - Page no: , Line No: , Para:

Mathematics Textbook for Class XI - Page no: 136, Line No: 4, Para:

In fact, the problems of the above types are solved by applying the following principle known as the fundamental principle of counting,
or, simply, the multiplication principle, which states that “If an event can occur in m different ways, following which another event can
occur in n different ways, then the total number of occurrence of the events in the given order is m×n.”

Algebra (Arihant) - Page no: 360, Line No: 8, Para:

Multiplication principal

If an operation can be performed in 'm' different ways, following which a second operation can be performed in 'n' different ways, then
the two operation in succession can be performed in ways.

Mathematics for Joint Entrance Examination JEE (Advanced) : Algebra - Page no: 7.1, Line No: 1, Para:

Fundamental principle of counting

Question
An institute offers five types of hobby classes in morning and three types of hobby classes in evening . Then the number of ways in
which a student can join exactly one hobby class is

(18446)
A 6

B 7

C 8
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D 9

As we have learned

Sum Rule of Association -

Let A can occurs in m ways and B can occurs in n ways and both cannot occur simultaneously. Then A or B can occurs in (m + n)
ways.

- wherein

A or B means at least one of them.

Either student will join in morning or evening , but not simuntaneously both

No. of ways in which he can join in morning is 5

no. of ways he can join in evening is 3

Total no. of ways = 5+3 = 8

In the given figure , a person is standing at station A and he has t ogo to station C , then the number of ways in which he can reach
from A to C is

(18447)
A 10

B 11

C 12

D 7

As we have learned

Product Rule of Association -

If a certain work A can be done in m ways and another work B in n ways, then the number of ways of doing both the works is mn
ways.

- wherein

A and B both doing.

Person will reach from A to C , when he firstly goes from A to B and then from B to C

so both works are to be done

Required no. of ways

= (no. of ways of going from A to B )

* (no. of ways of going from B to C )

= 4 * 3 = 12

Three people A , B , C have to deliver a guest lecture , one by one . Then the number of ways in which it can be done is

(18448)
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(18448)

A 4

B 6

C 3

D 1

As we have learned

Counting -

The total number of arrangement of n different things: 3 letter ABC.

Ex. ABC BAC CAB

ACB BCA CBA

Hence, Total number of arrangements = 6

- wherein

Take all possible conditions.

They can deliver lecture in following sequences , which is actually linear arrangement of A , B and C i.e

ABC , ACB , BCA , BAC , CAB , CBA

Let and be defined as

Then the number of possible functions such that gof =f is:

(117220)
A

If x is even

If x is odd

Now,

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g(x) will always give even number irrespective of value of x

{2, 4, 6, 8, 10}

2/30) Concept title FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLE OF COUNTING (92339)

Permutation basically means the arrangement of things. And when we talk about arrangement then the order becomes
important if the things to be arranged are different from each other (when things to be arranged are the same then order
don’t have any role to play). So in permutations order of arrangement becomes important.

Arranging n objects taken r at a time is equivalent to filling r places from n things.

So the number of ways of filling n places with r objects = n(n - 1) (n - 2) ... (n - r + 1)

Where

The number of ways arranging n different objects taken all at a time = .

Example: In how many ways can 5 people be seated at 3 places?

Solution: basically this question is about arranging 5 people at 3 different places, let’s think that we are given 3 places so
for the first place we have 5 people to choose from, hence this can be done in 5 ways as all 5 are available and none of them
are selected initially, now for 2nd place we have 4 people to choose from, hence this can be done in 4 ways and similarly for
3rd place we have 3 choices. Since we have to choose all 3 people from 5 simultaneously, so the total number of ways
5×4×3=120,

this can be done directly from the notation or formula

Example: Find the number of ways the letters of the word “BIRTHDAY” can be arranged taken all at a time.

Solution: From the above concept directly using the formula we have

Text

Description

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Book Mathematics Textbook for Class VII - Page no: , Line No: , Para:

Mathematics Textbook for Class XI - Page no: 139, Line No: 20, Para:

Factorial notation :

The notation n! represents the product of first n natural

numbers, i.e., the product 1 × 2 × 3 × . . . × (n – 1) × n is denoted as n!.

Algebra (Arihant) - Page no: 360, Line No: 52, Para:

Let n be a positive integer. Then, the continued product of first 'n' natural numbers is called factorial n, to be denoted by n!

Mathematics for Joint Entrance Examination JEE (Advanced) : Algebra - Page no: 7.6, Line No: 12, Para:

Factorial Notation

Question
The sum of the digits in the unit’s place of all the 4-digit numbers formed by using the numbers 3, 4, 5 and 6, without repetition,is :

(3580)
A 432

B 108

C 36

D 18

As we have learned

The Number of ways of Arrangement of objects -

The number of ways of n different objects taken all at a time

- wherein

Where 0! = 1

NO. of 4 digits number formed = 4 !

Now each digit contributes equal no . of times at unit place so 4! /4 = 3 ! is the no. of times

Each digit appears at unit place

So sum = 3! (3+4+5+6)

= 6 * 18

= 108

Using all digits from 0 to 9, how many 5 digit numbers can be formed? Repetition is allowed.

(96353)
A 105

B 9×8×7×6×5

C 90,000

D 95

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PERMUTATION AS AN ARRANGEMENT -

Permutation basically means the arrangement of things. And when we talk about arrangement then the order becomes important if
the things to be arranged are different from each other (when things to be arranged are the same then order don’t have any role to
play). So in permutations order of arrangement becomes important.

Arranging n objects taken r at a time is equivalent to filling r places from n things.

So the number of ways of filling n places with r objects = n(n - 1) (n - 2) ... (n - r + 1)

Where

The number of ways arranging n different objects taken all at a time = .

The trick is to realize that a number can not start with a zero!

Now, there are 105 ways in which the digits 0-9 can be chosen for the five places of a five digit number. Out of these, 104 start with
zero (once we start with 0, there are only 4 slots to fill, where we have 10 choices each).

So, the number of possible five digit numbers is

105−104=9×104=90000

These are the numbers 10000 to 99999. We could, of course, just have counted them to get 99999−10000+1=90000

The number of 4 letter words (with or without meaning ) that can be formed from the eleven letters of the word 'EXAMINATION' is
_________,

(98024)
A

PERMUTATION AS AN ARRANGEMENT -

Permutation basically means the arrangement of things. And when we talk about arrangement then the order becomes important if
the things to be arranged are different from each other (when things to be arranged are the same then order don’t have any role to
play). So in permutations order of arrangement becomes important.

Arranging n objects taken r at a time is equivalent to filling r places from n things.

So the number of ways of filling n places with r objects = n(n - 1) (n - 2) ... (n - r + 1)

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Where

The number of ways arranging n different objects taken all at a time = .

APPLICATIONS OF SELECTIONS -I -

Let us take an example of Selecting things from two or more different groups:

Out of 5 men and 6 women in how many ways can a committee of 5 members be selected such that at least 2 members are
women?

Solution:

At Least 2 members are women implies that there could be 2 women or 3 men or 3 women or 2 men or All 5 are women in the
committee. Thus, the required number of ways are

2 women + 3 men =

3 women + 2 men =

4 women + 1 men =

5 women =

So, the total number of ways

EXAMINATION 2N, 2A, 2I, E, X, M, T, O

Case I All are different so

Case II 2 same and 2 different so

Case III 2 same and 2 same so = 18

Total = 2454

Correct Option (4)

If the number of five digit numbers with distinct digits and 2 at the 10th place is , then k is equal to :

(98054)
A

PERMUTATION AS AN ARRANGEMENT -

Permutation basically means the arrangement of things. And when we talk about arrangement then the order becomes important if
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Permutation basically means the arrangement of things. And when we talk about arrangement then the order becomes important if
the things to be arranged are different from each other (when things to be arranged are the same then order don’t have any role to
play). So in permutations order of arrangement becomes important.

Arranging n objects taken r at a time is equivalent to filling r places from n things.

So the number of ways of filling n places with r objects = n(n - 1) (n - 2) ... (n - r + 1)

Where

The number of ways arranging n different objects taken all at a time = .

Example: In how many ways can 5 people be seated at 3 places?

Solution: basically this question is about arranging 5 people at 3 different places, let’s think that we are given 3 places so for the first
place we have 5 people to choose from, hence this can be done in 5 ways as all 5 are available and none of them are selected
initially, now for 2nd place we have 4 people to choose from, hence this can be done in 4 ways and similarly for 3rd place we have 3
choices. Since we have to choose all 3 people from 5 simultaneously, so the total number of ways 5×4×3=120,

this can be done directly from the notation or formula

1st term can be and 2nd can be but one digit used to fill 1st term) and tens place can be filled by only a
single digit 2

Correct Option (1)

3/30) Concept title PERMUTATION AS AN ARRANGEMENT (92340)

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If there n objects of which p objects are of one type, q objects of another type, r objects of yet another type and all others

are distinct, the total number of ways of arranging all the objects is

Proof: suppose the total number of permutations are x, now if we replace all p identical objects by p different objects then
we have x × p! The number of arrangements, if we do the same thing with q and r we will have x × p!×q!×r!

Number of arrangements. No we have replaced all identical objects and we are left with n different object which can be
arranged in n! Ways.

Hence x × p!×q!×r! = n!

So,

Example: In how many ways can the letters of the word “MISSISSIPPI” be arranged?

Solution: repeated letters I = 4

S=4

P=2

So using the above formula we have

Text

Description

Video

Book Mathematics Textbook for Class XI - Page no: 142, Line No: 1, Para:

The number of permutations of n different objects taken r at a time, where repetition is allowed, is .

Mathematics for Joint Entrance Examination JEE (Advanced) : Algebra - Page no: 7.8, Line No: 1, Para:

Formula for Permutation

Question
There are 5 identical objects in a group, m is the number of arrangement of these object. There are 10 objects in another group, of
which 7 are alike, and the rest three are distinct. Let n be number of arrangement of these objects then

(18449)
A m + n = 721

B mn = 721

C m + n = 720

D n - m = 721

PERMUTATION OF OBJECTS WHEN FEW ARE IDENTICAL -

If there n objects of which p objects are of one type, q objects of another type, r objects of yet another type and all others are distinct,

the total number of ways of arranging all the objects is

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m = 1 ( all objects are like )

In a library shelf 3 slots are available (one for each book ) .Then the numbers of ways in which 10 books can be arranged in these
slots is

(18450)
A 714

B 716

C 718

D 720

PERMUTATION OF OBJECTS WHEN FEW ARE IDENTICAL -

If there n objects of which p objects are of one type, q objects of another type, r objects of yet another type and all others are distinct,

the total number of ways of arranging all the objects is

Number of ways =

If the four letter words (need not be meaningful ) are to be formed using the letters from the word “MEDITERRANEAN” such that the
first letter is R and the fourth letter is E, then the total number of all such words is :

(2039)
A

B 110

C 56

D 59

PERMUTATION OF OBJECTS WHEN FEW ARE IDENTICAL -

If there n objects of which p objects are of one type, q objects of another type, r objects of yet another type and all others are distinct,

the total number of ways of arranging all the objects is

Proof: suppose the total number of permutations are x, now if we replace all p identical objects by p different objects then we have x
× p! The number of arrangements, if we do the same thing with q and r we will have x × p!×q!×r!

So,

The word MEDI TERRANEAN has

3Es, 2As, 2Ns, 1M, 1D, 1I, 1T

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3Es, 2As, 2Ns, 1M, 1D, 1I, 1T

We need words of the form R_ _ E

If two letters are same, we can have 3 ways.

REEE

RAAE

RNNE

If two letters are different, we can choose them in ways

Total = 56 + 3 = 59 words.

Correct option is 4.

8 - digit numbers are formed using the digits 1, 1, 2, 2, 2, 3, 4, 4. The number of such numbers in which the odd digits do not occupy
odd places, is :

(3758)
A 160

B 120

C 60

D 48

PERMUTATION OF OBJECTS WHEN FEW ARE IDENTICAL -

If there n objects of which p objects are of one type, q objects of another type, r objects of yet another type and all others are distinct,

the total number of ways of arranging all the objects is

So,

Odd nos - 1,1,3

EVEN nos . - 2,2,2,4,4

Case (1) ; odd places filled by 2,2,4,4,2

No. of ways =

even palces filled by 1,1,3

NO. of ways =

total number of ways = 10 * 12 = 120

How many different words can be formed by jumbling the letters in the word MISSISSIPPI in which no two S are adjacent?

(5701)
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PERMUTATION OF OBJECTS WHEN FEW ARE IDENTICAL -

If there n objects of which p objects are of one type, q objects of another type, r objects of yet another type and all others are distinct,

the total number of ways of arranging all the objects is

So,

Given word is MISSISSIPPI

Here I=4 times,S=4 times,P=2 times,M=1 time

No two S should be together, hence we can place S at these places

_ M _ I _ I _ I _ I _ P _ P _.

No. of ways =

And S can be placed in 8 places in ways

Total number of ways =

All possible numbers are formed using the digits 1,1,2,2,2,2,3,4,4 taken all at a time. The number of such numbers in which the odd
digits occupy even places is :

(57947)
A 180

B 160

C 175

D 162

PERMUTATION OF OBJECTS WHEN FEW ARE IDENTICAL -

If there n objects of which p objects are of one type, q objects of another type, r objects of yet another type and all others are distinct,

the total number of ways of arranging all the objects is

So,

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Theorem of Combination -

Each of the different groups or selection which can be made by taking r things from n things is called a combination.

- wherein

Where

We have total 4 even place and 3 odd digit =

Number of way placing odd digit at even places =

Number of ways placing even digits

So total number of ways =

Total number of 6-digit numbers in which only and all five digits 1,3,5,7 and 9 appear, is :

(97598)
A

PERMUTATION OF OBJECTS WHEN FEW ARE IDENTICAL -

If there n objects of which p objects are of one type, q objects of another type, r objects of yet another type and all others are distinct,

the total number of ways of arranging all the objects is

Proof: suppose the total number of permutations are x, now if we replace all p identical objects by p different objects then we have x
× p! The number of arrangements, if we do the same thing with q and r we will have x × p!×q!×r!

Number of arrangements. No we have replaced all identical objects and we are left with n different object which can be arranged in n!
Ways.

Hence x × p!×q!×r! = n!

So,

6 places, 5 digit so one digit will repeate

Correct Option (4)

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p ( )

The number of words (with or without meaning) that can be formed from all the letters of the word "LETTER" in which vowels never
come together is ____________.
(112194)
A 60

B 90

C 120

D None of these

The number of words, with or without meaning, that can be formed by taking 4 letters at a time from the letters of the word
'SYLLABUS' such that two letters are distinct and two letters are alike, is ______.

(112057)
A 360

B 420

C 120

D 240

SYLLABUS

2S and 2L

We need to form word of the type XYZZ

Total number of ways

Let M be any matrix with entries from the set { 0,1, 2}. The maximum number of such matrices, for which the sum of diagonal
elements of MTM is seven, is_________

(117154)
A 540

B 450

C 336

D 363

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Sum of diagonal matrix MTM

Total = 540

The number of seven digit integers with sum of the digits equal to 10 and formed by using the digits 1,2 and 3 only is :

(117311)
A

First possiblity is 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 3

Second possiblity is 1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 2

Total = 42 + 35 = 77

A seven digit number is formed using digits 3,3,4,4,4,5,5. The probability that number so formed is divisible by 2, is:

(117214)
A

Digits = 3, 3, 4, 4, 4, 5, 5
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g ts 3, 3, , , , 5, 5

Number of 7 digit number divisible by 2, so the last digit must be even

last digit = 4

Now 7 digit numbers which is divisible by 2

The sum of all the 4-digit distinct numbers that can be formed with the digits and is :

(120723)
A

The digits are 1, 2, 2, 3

total numbers when 1 at unit place is 3 .

total numbers when 2 at unit place is 6
total numbers when 3 at unit place is 3

sum of digits at unit's place = 3 + 12 + 9 = 24

sum of all four digits numbers = 24(1111) = 26664

4/30) Concept title PERMUTATION OF OBJECTS WHEN FEW ARE IDENTICAL (92359)

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Arrangement of Digits (Part 1)

To make 5 digit number from 1,2,3,4,5,6,7.

1. If the repetition of digits is not allowed

In this case,

one's place can be filled in 7 ways

ten's place can be filled in 6 ways (as one number is used for one's place)

Hence the total number of ways is 7x6x5x4x3=2520.

2. If the repetition of digits is allowed

In this case,

one's place can be filled in 7 ways

ten's place can be filled in 7 ways (as repetition is allowed)

Hence the total number of ways is 7x7x7x7x7=75.

3. If the number is EVEN

In this case,

one's place can be filled by three numbers (2,4,6) as even number is those number which ends with (0,2,4,6,8)

Hence we have three different OR possibilities.

If one's place is obtained by 2 hence remaining can be arranged in

OR,

If one's place is obtained by 4 hence remaining can be arranged in

OR,

If one's place is obtained by 6 hence remaining can be arranged in

Hence the total possibilities are .

Let us take another example

Using 0,1,2,3,4,5 how many 4-digit numbers can be formed if the repetition of digits was not allowed.

Here 0 cannot be at a leading place as the number becomes the 3-digit number.
Hence the first place can be filled in 5 ways and the second place left with 5 possibilities (now 0 can be included) that's why
it can also be filled with 5 ways and the third-place left with 4 possibilities and the fourth place left with 3 possibilities.

So the total number of 4 digit numbers = 5×5×4×3=300

Solving the same question if repetition of digits was allowed

In that case, the first place (from left) has 7 choices (excluding 0 otherwise it will not be 4 digit number) 2nd, 3rd, and 4th
place will have 8 choices (all choices available, repetition allowed), so the total number, in this case, = 7×8×8×8.
Text

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Video

Book Mathematics Textbook for Class VII - Page no: , Line No: , Para:

Mathematics Textbook for Class XI - Page no: 142, Line No: 1, Para:

The number of permutations of n different objects taken r at a time, where repetition is allowed, is .

Mathematics for Joint Entrance Examination JEE (Advanced) : Algebra - Page no: 7.8, Line No: 1, Para:

Formula for Permutation

Question
At an election, a voter may vote for any number of candidates, not greater than the number to be elected. There are 10 candidates
and 4 are to be elected. If a voter votes for at least one candidate, then the number of ways in which he can vote is

(5698)
A 5040

B 6210

C 385

D 1110

As we learnt in

Number of Permutations with repetition -

The number of ways of filling r places where each place can be filled by any one of n objects.

It is

- wherein

Where

Total number of ways :-

The number of numbers between 2,000 and

5,000 that can be formed with the digits 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 (repetition of digits is not
allowed) and are multiple of 3 is :

(13918)
A 24

B 30

C 36

D 48

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As we have learned

Number of Permutations with repetition -

The number of ways of filling r places where each place can be filled by any one of n objects.

It is

- wherein

Where

4 digit number

using 0,2,3,4

using 0,1,2,3

Total number = 30

n-digit numbers are formed using only three digits 2, 5 and 7. The smallest value of n for which 900 such distinct numbers can be
formed, is :

(14149)
A

As we learned

Number of Permutations with repetition -

The number of ways of filling r places where each place can be filled by any one of n objects.

It is

- wherein

Where

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The number of natural numbers less than 7,000 which can be formed by using the digits 0,1,3,7,9 (repetition of digits allowed) is
equal to :

(33017)
A 250

B 374

C 372

D 375

Number of Permutations with repetition -

The number of ways of filling r places where each place can be filled by any one of n objects.

It is

- wherein

Where

Natural numbers less than 7,000

There are 3 ways to fill position 1 (i.e. 0,1,3) and for the remaining position there are 5 ways each so,

0000 is not included.

The number of four - digit number strictly greater than than can be formed using the digits (repetition of digits is
allowed) is :

(57985)
A

Number of Permutations with repetition -

Th b f f filli l h h l b fill d b f bj t
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The number of ways of filling r places where each place can be filled by any one of n objects.

It is

- wherein

Where

(1) The number of four-digit numbers Starting with 5 is

(2) Starting with 44 and 45 is equal to

(3) Starting with 433,434 and 435 is equal to

4 3 3,4,5

1 1 3 6 = 18

(4) Remaining numbers are 4322,4323,4324,4325is equal to 4

Total number of four digit odd numbers that can be formed using 0, 1, 2, 3, 5, 7 are

(5690)
A 216

B 375

C 400

D 720

APPLICATION OF PERMUTATION-I -

-
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We have 0, 1, 2, 3, 5, 7 and repetition is allowed.

The correct option is 4.

The number of 6 digit numbers that can be formed using the digits 0,1,2,5,7 and 9 which are divisible by 11 and no digit is repeated,
is:

(58080)
A 72

B 60

C 48

D 36

APPLICATION OF PERMUTATION-I -

Arrangement of Digits (Part 1)

Sum of the given digit is 0+1+2+5+7+9 = 24

6 digit number let abcdef

abcdef is divisible by 11 if

is a multiple of 11

Only one possible is there

a+c+e=b+d+f=12

Case 1: {a,c,e}={7,5,0}

{b,d,f}={9,2,1}

So, 2 x 2! x 3! = 24

Case 2: {a,c,e}={9 , 2, 1}

{b,d,f}={7, 5, 0}

So, 3! x 3! = 36

Total = 24 + 36 = 60

So, correct option is (2).

The value of is equal to:

(112234)
A

D 1

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Let A be a set of all 4-digit natural numbers whose exactly one digit is 7. Then the probability that a randomly chosen element of A
leaves remainder 2 when divided by 5 is :

(120124)
A

Sample space

n(s) = n(when 7 appears on thousands place) + n(7 doesn't appear on thousands place)

= 1× 9× 9× 9 + 3C1 × 9 × 9 = 729 + 1944 = 2673

Events

n(E) = n(last digit 7 & 7 appears once) + n(last digit 2 when 7 appears once)

= 8 × 9 × 9 × 1 + ((1 × 9 × 9 × 1) + (9 × 8 × 2C1 ×1)) = 873

The sum of all the 4-digit distinct numbers that can be formed with the digits and is :

(120723)
A

The digits are 1, 2, 2, 3

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total numbers when 1 at unit place is 3 .

total numbers when 2 at unit place is 6
total numbers when 3 at unit place is 3

sum of digits at unit's place = 3 + 12 + 9 = 24

sum of all four digits numbers = 24(1111) = 26664

The number of times the digit 3 will be written when listing the integers from 1 to 1000 is ___________.

(120737)
A 250

B 300

C 350

D 400

total way = 243 + 54 + 3 = 300

5/30) Concept title APPLICATION OF PERMUTATION-I (92342)

Arrangements of Digits (Part 2)

Find the No. of Distinct 4-digits numbers that can be formed using 1,2,3,4,5,6,7 for each of the following
condition:

If the number is greater than 3000.

The thousand’s digit can be filled in 5 ways (any one of 3, 4, 5, 6 or 7). Now one is left with 6 digits and has to arrange 3 of
them. This can be done in 6P3 = 6 × 5 × 4 ways. Thus a total of 5 × (6 × 5 × 4) = 600 such numbers can be formed.

If the number is EVEN.

The unit’s digit can be filled in three ways (2, 4 or 6). Now we are left with 6 digits and have to arrange 3 of them. This can be
done in 6P3 = 6 × 5 × 4 ways. Thus a total of (6 × 5 × 4) × 3 = 360 such numbers can be formed.

If the number is EVEN and greater than 3000.

The unit digit could be 2 OR (4, 6)

Considering the case that the units digit is 2:

The units digit can be filled in only 1 way, with a 2. Having filled this, all of 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 are available for the thousands
place and thus it can be filled in 5 ways (3,4,5,6,7 not 1). Next, we are left with 5 digits and two of which have to be arranged
i.e. can be done in 5 × 4 ways. Thus total possible numbers with units digit being 2 will be 5 × (5 × 4) × 1 = 100

Considering the case that the units digit is 4 or 6: The units digit can be filled in 2 ways. Having filled this, for each of these
cases, the digits available for the thousands place are 3, 5, 7 and (4 or 6, whichever is not used) i.e. there are further 4
possibilities. Next, we are left with 5 digits and two of which have to be arranged i.e. can be done in 5 × 4 ways. Thus total
possible numbers with unit’s digit being 4 or 6 will be 4 × (5 × 4) × 2 = 160 Thus the total number of even numbers greater
than 3000 that can be formed will be 100 + 160 = 260.
Text

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Video

Book Mathematics Textbook for Class VII - Page no: , Line No: , Para:

Mathematics Textbook for Class XI - Page no: 142, Line No: 1, Para:

The number of permutations of n different objects taken r at a time, where repetition is allowed, is .

Mathematics for Joint Entrance Examination JEE (Advanced) : Algebra - Page no: 7.8, Line No: 1, Para:

Formula for Permutation

Question
The number of integers greater than 6,000 that can be formed, using the digits 3, 5, 6,7 and 8, without repetition, is :

(3316)
A 216

B 192

C 120

D 72

APPLICATION OF PERMUTATION-II -

Four-digit numbers can be

Five-digit numbers

Total = 192

The correct option is 2.

Five digit number divisible by 3 is formed using 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6 and 7 without repetition. Total number of such numbers are

(5688)
A 600

B 3125

C 120

D 216

APPLICATION OF PERMUTATION II
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APPLICATION OF PERMUTATION-II -

We have 2 cases.

case 1

Case I: 1, 3, 4, 6, 7 (when 0,2 is not included)

Rest case

Case 2: 0, 1, 2, 3, 6 (when is removed )

Total number of such numbers = 120 + 96 x 5 = 609

An eight digit number divisible by 9 is to be formed using digits from 0 to 9 without repeating the digits. The number of ways in which
this can be done is

(3668)
A

APPLICATION OF PERMUTATION-II -

Arrangements of Digits (Part 2)

0+1+2+......+9= 45 ,which is divisible by 9 now we have to select 8 numbers , which means we have to reject 2 nos while keeping the
sum divisible by 9 ...(0,9), (1,8) (2,7), (3,6) ,(4,5) can be rejected

1) if (0,9 ) is rejected , we can form numbers is 8 ! ways

2) If other 4 sets are rejected , we can form numbers in 7 (7!) we can't be at first place

so no. of ways = 4* 7 (7!)

Adding (1) and (2) .....(8)! + 7(7!)= 36 (7!)

Number greater than 1000 but less than 4000 is formed using the digits 0, 2, 3, 4 repetition allowed

(5687)
A 125

B 105

C 128

D 625

APPLICATION OF PERMUTATION-II -

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See arrangements.

First place can be filled with just 2 or 3.

Correct option is 3.

Two families with 3 members each and one family with 4 members each are to be seated in a row. In how many ways can they be
seated so that the same family member are not separated?

(111814)
A

Family A has 3 members they can be arranged in ways

Family B has 3 members they can be arranged in ways

Family C has 3 members they can be arranged in ways

Now A, B, C can be arranged in ways

The total arrangement is

Correct Answer: Option D

6/30) Concept title APPLICATION OF PERMUTATION-II (92344)

ARRANGEMENT OF PEOPLE IN A ROW

Arranging 4 boys and 4 girls such that 4 girls have to be together:

Considering all the four girls as one unit, we have to arrange 5 units in 5 places and this can be done in 5! ways. Now one of
the units is of 4 girls, who can be arranged amongst themselves in 4! ways. Thus the total number of ways of arranging is 5!
× 4!.

Arranging 4 boys and 4 girls such that no two girls should stand together:

The four boys can first be arranged in 4! ways. Now there will be 5 places (Three between 4 boys and one at each end) for
the 4 girls and they could be arranged in 5 × 4 × 3 × 2 ways. Thus the total number of arrangements possible is 4! × 5 × 4 × 3
× 2.

Arranging 4 boys and 4 girls such that girls and boys have to be alternate:

When girls and boys have to be alternate, it would just be either G B G B G B G B or B G B G B G B G. In each of these
ways, there are 4 places for the boys and 4 places for the girls and thus they can be arranged in 4! × 4! in each of these.
Thus, the total number of arrangements possible is 2 × 4! × 4!.
Text

Description

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Video

Book Mathematics Textbook for Class VII - Page no: , Line No: , Para:

Mathematics Textbook for Class XI - Page no: 142, Line No: 1, Para:

The number of permutations of n different objects taken r at a time, where repetition is allowed, is .

Mathematics for Joint Entrance Examination JEE (Advanced) : Algebra - Page no: 7.8, Line No: 1, Para:

Formula for Permutation

Question
How many ways are there to arrange the letters in the word GARDEN with the vowels in alphabetical order?

(5694)
A 360

B 240

C 120

D 480

APPLICATION OF PERMUTATION-III -

Where 0! = 1

Total arrangements of the word GARDEN are 6!

Half of them have A and E in alphabetical order.

Thus ways are

The correct option is 1.

In how many ways can the letters of the word INVESTOR be arranged such that no two vowels are together?

(96354)
A 8! – 5! × 3!

B 7200

C 8! – 6! × 3!

D 14400

APPLICATION OF PERMUTATION III

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APPLICATION OF PERMUTATION-III -

ARRANGEMENT OF PEOPLE IN A ROW

Arranging 4 boys and 4 girls such that 4 girls have to be together:

Considering all the four girls as one unit, we have to arrange 5 units in 5 places and this can be done in 5! ways. Now one of the units
is of 4 girls, who can be arranged amongst themselves in 4! ways. Thus the total number of ways of arranging is 5! × 4!.

Arranging 4 boys and 4 girls such that no two girls should stand together:

The four boys can first be arranged in 4! ways. Now there will be 5 places (Three between 4 boys and one at each end) for the 4 girls
and they could be arranged in 5 × 4 × 3 × 2 ways. Thus the total number of arrangements possible is 4! × 5 × 4 × 3 × 2.

Arranging 4 boys and 4 girls such that girls and boys have to be alternate:

When girls and boys have to be alternate, it would just be either G B G B G B G B or B G B G B G B G. In each of these ways, there
are 4 places for the boys and 4 places for the girls and thus they can be arranged in 4! × 4! in each of these. Thus, the total number
of arrangements possible is 2 × 4! × 4!.

If we place the consonants with places in between and on either side wherein the vowels may be placed.

{ _ N _ V _ S _ T _R _ }

Number of places to fill the consonants = 5

Number of ways in which 4 consonants can be arranged in their designated places =

Number of places to fill the vowels = 6

Number of ways in which 3 vowels (OEI) can be arranged in the 6 places =

Thus, the number of ways in which we can arrange the letters of the word INVESTOR

7/30) Concept title APPLICATION OF PERMUTATION-III (92348)

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QUESTION-BASED ON FACTORS

Factors of a number N refer to all the numbers which divide N completely. These are also called divisors of a number.

Basic formula related to factors of a number:

These are certain basic formulas pertaining to factors of a number N, such that,

Where, p, q, and r are prime factors of the number n.

a, b and c are non-negative powers/ exponents

Number of factors of N = (a+1)(b+1)(c+1)

Sum of factors: ( pa+1-1)( qb+1-1)(rc+1-1)/ (p-1) (q-1) (r-1)

Let us take an example:

Find the Number and Sum of the factor of 18.

Factors of 18 are 1,2,3,6,9,18

Hence the number of factors of 18 is 6

And their Sum is 39(1+2+3+6+9+18)

Using the Formula

Number of factors of N = (1+1)(2+1)=6

Sum of factors: ( 22-1)( 33-1)/ (2-1)(3-1)=39

Text

Description

Video

Book Mathematics Textbook for Class VII - Page no: , Line No: , Para:

Mathematics Textbook for Class XI - Page no: 142, Line No: 1, Para:

The number of permutations of n different objects taken r at a time, where repetition is allowed, is .

Mathematics for Joint Entrance Examination JEE (Advanced) : Algebra - Page no: 7.8, Line No: 1, Para:

Formula for Permutation

Question
Number of Divisor of 1440 is

(18508)
A 9

B 12

C 24

D 36

As we have learned
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Number of Divisions -

The number of divisors of a natural number

- wherein

Where a1, a2 ....... are distinct prime and non negative integers.

1440 =

No. of divisior = (5+1)(2+1)(1+1)= = 36

Let S be the set of all triangles in the xy-plane, each having one vertex at the origin and the other two vertices lie on coordinate axes
with integral coordinates. If each triangle is S has area 50 sq. units, then the number of the elements in the set S is:

(33009)
A 9

B 32

C 18

D 36

Number of Divisions -

The number of divisors of a natural number

- wherein

Where a1, a2 ....... are distinct prime and non-negative integers.

Let

and be vectors of

Number of triangles

Sum of all the divisors of 1440 is

(18509)
A 4914
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A 4914

B 4200

C 4410

D 5210

As we have learned

Sum of Divisors -

Let then

- wherein

Use sum of G.P. formed . for

Sum of divisors =

Total number of proper divisor of 3600 is

(18510)
A 41

B 42

C 43

D 44

As we have learned

Factors of Numbers -

Let .The total number of proper divisors are .

- wherein

1 and self number no. not included.

no. of divisor = (4+1)(2+1)(2+1)-2 = 43

Number of ways in which 1440 can be resolved into product of two positive integers is

(18511)
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(18511)

A 15

B 16

C 17

D 18

As we have learned

Rule for Factors of Numbers -

The number of ways in which n can be resolved as a product of two factors.

for

- wherein

Where n is not a perfect square.

The required number of =

Number of ways in which 3600 can be resolved as product of its two factors is

(18512)
A 20

B 23

C 26

D 29

As we have learned

Rule for Factors of Numbers -

where

- wherein

Where n is a perfect square.

3600 is a perfect square and

No. of ways =

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A natural number has prime factorization given by , where y and z are such that y+z=5 and .

Then the number of odd divisons of n, including 1, is:

(117228)
A 6x

B 6

C 11

D 12

Given that

for calculating odd divisor of n = 2x3y5z

x must be zero

8/30) Concept title APPLICATION OF PERMUTATION-IV (92353)

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Number of odd and even factors:

Let us understand this concept with an example:

Find the number of Even and Odd factors of 72.

Prime factorization of 72=23×32

We know the fact that all the factors of 72 will be in the form of 2a×3b.

For ODD factors, the exponent of 2 i.e., a has to be 0 always. Or, the number of ways using 2 for making the combination is
1, i.e., 20. Also, the number of values that the exponent of 3 i.e., b can take is 3.

Hence the number of odd factors of 72 = 1x3=3.

Extending the logic For EVEN, we can say that for a better to be Even, it must contain 2 at least once.

Where a will range from 0 to 3 and, b from 0 to 2. However, it is quite evident that any factor which has 2 as one of the prime
factors is always even.
So, the number of values a, and b can take are 3 and 3 respectively.

Therefore, the total number of even factors of 72 = 3x3=9.

Number of factors which are perfect squares:

Find the number of factors that are perfect squares of 72.

Prime factorization of 72=23×32

If we prime factorize any number which is a perfect square, we would observe that in all cases the exponent of all the prime
factors of the number to be even only.

For example, 36 is a perfect square 36=22×32, here we can see that the exponent of both 2 and 3 are even.

Again, any factor 72 will be in the form of 2a×3b. For the factors to be perfect squares, all the values a, and b has to be even
only.

Or, the possible values which a can take = 0, 2 i.e. 2 values only. Similarly, b can take 0, 2 i.e. 2 values.

Therefore, the different combinations we can have = 2x2 = 4.

Hence, 72 has 4 factors which are perfect squares.

Number of factors which are perfect cube:

Find the number of factors that are perfect cubes of 72.

Prime factorization of 72=23×32

If we prime factorize any number which is a perfect square, we would observe that in all cases the exponent of all the prime
factors of the number to be even only.

For example, 27 is a perfect cube 27=33, here we can see that the exponent of 3 is multiple of three.

Again, any factor 72 will be in the form of 2a×3b. For the factors to be perfect cubes, all the values a, and b has to be
divisible by 3.

Or, the possible values which a can take = 0, 3 i.e. 2 values only. Similarly, b can take 0 i.e. 1 value.

Therefore, the different combinations we can have = 2x1 = 2.

Hence, 72 has 2 factors which are perfect cubes.

Text

Description

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Book Mathematics Textbook for Class XI - Page no: 142, Line No: 1, Para:

The number of permutations of n different objects taken r at a time, where repetition is allowed, is .

Mathematics for Joint Entrance Examination JEE (Advanced) : Algebra - Page no: 7.8, Line No: 1, Para:

Formula for Permutation

Question
Let N = 10800. Find the number of divisors of N. Then the ratio of number of odd divisors and number of even divisors is :

(96360)
A 1:2

B 1:3

C 1:1

D 1:4

APPLICATION OF PERMUTATION-V -

-
Here N = 24x33x52. To find the number of divisors, we’ll
simply use the formula (4 + 1)(3 + 1)(2 + 1) = 60.
To form an even factor, we must select at least one ‘2’ from the lot, which will ensure that whatever be the remaining selection, their
multiplication will always result in an even factor.

The number of ways to select at least one ‘2’ from a lot of four identical ‘2’s will be 4

And, we’ll select any number of ‘3’s and ‘5’s, in 4 and 3 ways respectively.

The required number of ways will, therefore, be 4 x 4 x 3 = 48.

Note that this could also have been obtained by subtracting the even factors from the total, i.e. 60 – 48, which will give the same
answer.

The ratio of the number of odd divisors and number of even divisors is:

Find the number of divisors of 10800 such that they can be in the form 4k + 2?

(96363)
A 10

B 12

C 8

D 14

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APPLICATION OF PERMUTATION-V -

-
Notice that 4k + 2 = 2(2k + 1), which looks like a ‘2’ multiplied by an odd number. That means we need to select exactly one ‘2’, and
any number of 3s and 5s (as they’ll give an odd number on multiplication).

To select exactly one ‘2’, there is only 1 way. And the ‘3’s and the ‘5’s can be selected in 4 and 3 ways respectively. Therefore the
required number of factors = 1 x 4 x 3 = 12.

The total numbers of number, lying between 100 and 1000 that can be formed with the digits 1,2,3,4,5, if the repetition of digits is not
allowed and numbers are divisible by either 3 or 5, is________

(116918)
A 32

B 36

C 34

D 24

We need three digits numbers.

Since 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5 = 15

Numbers divisible by 3 are (1,3,5), (1,2,3), (2,3,4) and (3,4,5)

Total permutation is

Numbers divisible by 5 are (x,x,5)

Total permutation is

Numbers divisible by both 3 and 5 are (1,3,5) and (3,4,5)

Total permutation is

Hence required permutation is

9/30) Concept title APPLICATION OF PERMUTATION-V (92357)

Text DIVISIBILITY OF A FACTOR BY A NUMBER

If we prime factorize a number which is completely divisible by another number, we would observe that the exponent of
divisible number can be seen in the Prime factorization of that number.

Let us understand with an example:

Find the number of factors of 72 which are divisible by 8

Prime factorization of 72=23×32

Prime factorization of 8=23

For the factors to be divisible by 8 the factor should be multiple of 8 or 23.

Or we can say that the values a should be equal to 3 or greater than 3, and b can take any value.

Hence, the possible values which a can take = 3, i.e. 1 value only. Similarly, b can take 0, 1 and 2 i.e. 3 values.

Therefore, the different combinations we can have = 1x3 = 3.

Hence, 72 has 3 factors which are divisible by 8 i.e. 8,24,72.

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Product of factors:

Let a number be N

It's Prime factorization be N=2ax3bx5c

Now product of factors of

For example: Find the Product of the factors of 72

Exponent of Prime P in n!

Where [x] stands for greatest integer value of .

If m is the index of highest power of a prime p that divides n! then

Example: Find the number of trailing zeros in 20!

Solution:

10 can be written as 2ax5b

Hence,

For the number to have a zero at the end, both a & b should be at least 1.

If you want to figure out the exact number of zeroes, you would have to check how many times the number N is divisible by
10.

When dividing N by 10, it will be limited by the powers of 2 or 5, whichever is lesser.

Number of trailing zeros is going to be the power of 2 or 5, whichever is lesser.

Hence number of trailling zeros are 4

Description

Video

Book Mathematics Textbook for Class XI - Page no: 142, Line No: 1, Para:

The number of permutations of n different objects taken r at a time, where repetition is allowed, is .

Mathematics for Joint Entrance Examination JEE (Advanced) : Algebra - Page no: 7.8, Line No: 1, Para:

Formula for Permutation

Question
10 ! is not divisible by

(18445)
A
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A 64

B 128

C 256

D 1024

APPLICATION OF PERMUTATION-VI -

The exponent of Prime P in n!

Where [x] stands for greatest integer value of .

If m is the index of highest power of a prime p that divides n! then

Which consist of 2 are 10 , 8 , 6 , 4 , 2

10 has one 2

8 has three 2

6 has one 2

4 has two 2

2 has one 2

total no. of 2's in 10 ! is = 8

10 ! is divisible by and its factors

not divisible by 1024

Number of zeros in (50)! equals

(18514)
A 10

B 11

C 12

D 13

APPLICATION OF PERMUTATION-VI -

Exponent of Prime P in n!

Where [x] stands for greatest integer value of .

If m is the index of highest power of a prime p that divides n! then

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Zero is generated by multiplication of 2 and 5 .

So their numbers will decide , number of zeros

Exponent of 2 =

Exponent of 5 =

Number of zeros also 12

10/30) Concept title APPLICATION OF PERMUTATION-VI (92358)

Let’s say there is a round table with 6 chairs all identical and 6 persons have to sit for the first person there is only one
choice to make as all chairs are identical, so wherever he may sit doesn’t matter. Now when 1st person has sit, 2nd person
with respect to 1st have five choices to sit, directly opposite or left or 2nd from left or right 2nd from right to 1st person, in the
same ways 3rd person will have 4 choices, 4th person will have 3 choice, 5th person will have 2 choices, and last person 1
choice, so in that way total 5 x 4 x 3 x 2 x 1= ( 6 - 1 ) ! Permutations are possible.

We can generalize this result as an object that can be arranged along with a circular table in (n-1)! Ways

Example: In how many ways 7 people can be arranged along a circular table having 7 identical chairs.

Solution: using the above concept, it can be done in (7-1)! = 6!.

Text

Description

Video

Book Mathematics Textbook for Class XI - Page no: 142, Line No: 1, Para:

The number of permutations of n different objects taken r at a time, where repetition is allowed, is .

Mathematics for Joint Entrance Examination JEE (Advanced) : Algebra - Page no: 7.22, Line No: 16, Para:

Circular Permutation

Question
The number of ways in which 6 people can sit around a round table for dinner is

(18451)
A 24

B 120

C 720

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D none of these
Let’s say there is a round table with 6 chairs all identical and 6 persons have to sit for the first person there is only one
choice to make as all chairs are identical, so wherever he may sit doesn’t matter. Now when 1st person has sit, 2nd person
with respect to 1st have five choices to sit, directly opposite or left or 2nd from left or right 2nd from right to 1st person, in the
same ways 3rd person will have 4 choices, 4th person will have 3 choice, 5th person will have 2 choices, and last person 1
choice, so in that way total 5 x 4 x 3 x 2 x 1= ( 6 - 1 ) ! Permutations are possible.

We can generalize this result as an object that can be arranged along with a circular table in (n-1)! Ways

Example: In how many ways 7 people can be arranged along a circular table having 7 identical chairs.

Solution: using the above concept, it can be done in (7-1)! = 6!.

Text

As we have learned

Circular Permutations -

In circular permutations- We fix the position of one of an objects and then arrange the other objects in all possible ways.

Here , we will fix any one person at any place , for that number of way will be 1 .

After that other fives can be arranged w.r.t him in 5! i.e 120 ways

The number of ways in which 6 men and 5 women can dine at a round table if no two women are to sit together is given by

(5691)
A 30

As we learnt in

Conditions for Circular Permutation -

The number of circular permutations of n distinct things = (n - 1)!

6 Men and 5 Women can dine at a round table.

6 Men can dine in 5! ways.

and 5 Women can choose from 6 places in

and dine in 5! ways.

Number of ways =

Correct option is 4.

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Let’s say there is a round table with 6 chairs all identical and 6 persons have to sit for the first person there is only one
Numbertoofmake
choice different garlands
as all chairsthat
are can be made
identical, so using 5 flowers
wherever out sit
he may of 7doesn’t
differentmatter.
flowersNow
is when 1st person has sit, 2nd person

with respect to 1st have five choices to sit, directly opposite or left or 2nd from left or right 2nd from right to 1st person, in the
same ways 3rd person will have 4 choices, 4th person will have 3 choice, 5th person will have 2 choices, and last person 1
choice, so in that way total 5 x 4 x 3 x 2 x 1= ( 6 - 1 ) ! Permutations are possible.

We can generalize this result as an object that can be arranged along with a circular table in (n-1)! Ways

Example: In how many ways 7 people can be arranged along a circular table having 7 identical chairs.

Solution: using the above concept, it can be done in (7-1)! = 6!.

Text

(18454)
A 156

B 126

C 504

D 252

As we have learned

Rule for Circular Permutation -

Number of circular permutation of n different things taken r at a time when clockwise and anticlockwise orders are same is .

No. of ways =

Consider a rectangle ABCD having 5,7,6,9 points in the interior of the line segements AB, CD, BC, DA respectively. Let be the
number of triangles having these points from different sides as vertices and be the number of quadrilaterals havings these points
from different sides as vertices. Then is equal to:

(120667)
A 1890

B 795

C 717

D 1173

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We can generalize this result as an object that can be arranged along with a circular table in (n-1)! Ways

Example: In how many ways 7 people can be arranged along a circular table having 7 identical chairs.

Solution: using the above concept, it can be done in (7-1)! = 6!.

Text

11/30) Concept title GEOMETRICAL PERMUTATIONS (92360)

Text If the object to be arranged in circular permutations are identical, like in the case of bead and garlands, the number of
permutations becomes (½)(n-1)!. Since as in the case of bead and garland if we flip the bead or garland then anticlockwise
arrangements become clockwise but they are identical because of objects are identical hence two arrangements are
reduced to one causing the total number of permutations half.

Example: Find the ways in which 10 different beads can be arranged to form a necklace?

Solution: using circular permutations the total number of permutations = (10-1)! now since clockwise and anticlockwise
arrangements give the same permutation so the total number of permutations becomes (½)(9!)

Triangular Arrangement:

Let us understand with an example

In how many ways 9-person can be arranged in a Triangular table:

Solution:

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Here,
If 1st person chooses the A position than he can say that two people will sit right to me (or corner of the table is adjacent to
my left).

If 1st person chooses the B position than he can say I am in the middle.

If 1st person chooses the C position than he can say that two people will sit left to me (or corner of the table is adjacent to
my right).

Clearly, for 1st Person has three possibilities and 2nd person has 5 possibilities w.r.t the 1st person.

So, total number of possibilities is 3x5!.

Note:

This is an example of understating the 3-side Regular Polygon. If no. of sides is increased the possibility of choosing 1st
place will increase as in the case of 4-side polygon (Square), possibility of choosing 1st is increased.

Rectangular Arrangement:

In the case of Rectangular arrangement, adjacent sides are not equal therefore it increases the possibility of choosing 1st
place.
Let us understand this with an example:

In how many ways 8 people can be arranged in a rectangular table?

Solution:

Here,

If 1st person chooses the A position than he can say no one is adjacent to me or i have choosen the smaller side of the
table.

If 1st person chooses the B position than he can say that two people will sit left to me (or corner of the table is adjacent to
my right).

If 1st person chooses the C position than he can say I am in the middle of the larger side.

If 1st person chooses the D position than he can say that two people will sit right to me (or corner of the table is adjacent to
my left).

Clearly, for 1st Person has four possibilities and 2nd person has 7 possibilities w.r.t the 1st person.

So, the total number of possibilities is 4x7!

Note:

This is an example of understating the Rectangular arrangement. If no. of people is increased or decreased the possibility of
choosing 1st place will increase or decrease as in the case of 10 people (2-seat on each smaller side), the possibility of
choosing 1st place is 5.

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Book Mathematics Textbook for Class VII - Page no: , Line No: , Para:

Mathematics Textbook for Class XI - Page no: 142, Line No: 1, Para:

The number of permutations of n different objects taken r at a time, where repetition is allowed, is .

Mathematics for Joint Entrance Examination JEE (Advanced) : Algebra - Page no: 7.22, Line No: 16, Para:

Circular Permutation

Question
Number of diffrent types of garlands that can be formed using 6 diffrent flowers , of which three are of same colour such that flowers
of same colour are together is

(18452)
A 6

B 18

C 36

D 72

As we have learned

Rule for Circular Permutations -

Arrangement of BEADS, NECKLACE, GARLAND are non distinct in clockwise and anti-clockwise: So number of arrangement

- wherein

Non distinct or same clockwise and anti-clockwise arrangement.

Let us tie flower f same colour in one unit , so the number of unit on garland will be (6-3)+ 1 = 4

No. of ways of arranging these units in a circle = 3 ! * 3 ! ---> (flowers of same colour will also arrange mutually )

But , clockwise and anticlockwise are non - distinct here ,

Required number of ways =

If in a regular polygon the number of diagonals is 54, then the number of sides of this polygon is :

(3226)
A 10

B 12

C 9

D 6

As we have learned

Geometrical Permutations -

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The number of diagonals of n sided convex polygon is .

- wherein
Where n > 3

no. of diagonals =

There are n points in a plane , no three of which are collinear . If number of triangles formed and the number of straight lines formed
with three points are equal then n equals

(18506)
A 4

B 5

C 6

D 9

As we have learned

Rule of Geometrical Permutations -

There are n points in a plane such that no three of them are in the same straight line then the number of lines that can be formed by
joining is/are and number of triangle is/are .

Number of triangles =

NUmber of lines =

There are 12 points in a plane out of which 3 are collinear on one straight line . If m is number of triangles formed using three points
and n is number of straight lines formed using three points then m+n equals

(18507)
A 220

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B 218

C 223

D 224

As we have learned

Rule for Geometrical Permutations -

There are n points in the plane such that no three of them are on the same straight line except m of them which are on same straight
line, then the number of straight lines formed by joining them is/are and number triangles is/are .

No. of triangles = m =

No. of line passing through three points = 1

m + n = 220

Six people are to be seated around a round table having only four chairs , than the no. of ways of doing so is

(18453)
A 30

B 60

C 90

D 120

DIFFERENT CASES OF GEOMETRICAL ARRANGEMENTS -

If the object to be arranged in circular permutations are identical, like in the case of bead and garlands, the number of permutations
becomes (½)(n-1)!. Since as in the case of bead and garland if we flip the bead or garland then anticlockwise arrangements become
clockwise but they are identical because of objects are identical hence two arrangements are reduced to one causing the total
number of permutations half.

Number of ways =

12/30) Concept title DIFFERENT CASES OF GEOMETRICAL ARRANGEMENTS (92363)

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A common type of problem asked in many examinations is to find the 'rank' of a given word in a dictionary. What this means
is that you are supposed to find the position of that word when all permutations of the word are written in alphabetical
order.

Rank of a word - without repetition of letters

Rank of a word MATHS in a dictionary

Step 1: Write down the letters in alphabetical order.

The order will be A, H, M, S, T.

Step 2: Find the number of words that start with a superior letter.

Any word starting from A will be above MATHS. So, if we fix A at the first position, we have 4! = 24 words. (number of
ways arranging H, M, S, T).

Similarly, there will be 24 words that will start with H.

Number of words start with MAH is 2! = 2

Number of words start with MAS is 2! = 2

Number of words start with MATHS is 1! = 1

Therefore, the overall rank of the word MATHS is 24 + 24 + 2 + 2 + 1 = 53

Rank of a word - with repetition of letters

Rank of a word INDIA in a dictionary

Write down the letters in alphabetical order, the order will be A, I, I, D, N.

Therefore, the overall rank of the word INDIA is 12 + 12 + 6 + 6 + 6 + 2 + 1 + 1= 46

Text

Description

Video

Book Coordinate Geometry (Arihant) - Page no: 401, Line No: 1, Para:

Rank in a Dictionary

Question
If all the words, with or without meaning, are written using the letters of the word QUEEN and are arranged as in English dictionary,
then the position of the word QUEEN is :

(1762)
A 44th

B 45th
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B 45th

C 46th

D 47th

As we learnt in

Rank of any Word -

We arrange the words according to dictionary.

Eq. for SUNIL

Rank is 95

- wherein

Position a SUNIL-95

We will calculate the rank of QUEEN.

Alphabetical order of letter is ENQU

Word starting with

Position of QUEEN = 46

Rank is 46.

Correct option is 3.

If the letters of the word SACHIN are arranged in all possible ways and these words are written out as in dictionary, then the word
SACHIN appears at serial number

(5696)
A 602

B 603

C 600

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D 601

As we learnt in

Rank of any Word -

We arrange the words according to dictionary.

Eq. for SUNIL

Rank is 95

- wherein

Rank of SACHIN.

Alphabetical order is A, C, H, I, N, S

Start with

Position of SACHIN = 601

Correct option is 4.

If all the words (with or without meaning) having five letters, formed using the letters of the word SMALL and arranged as in a
dictionary; then the position of the word SMALL is :

(2232)
A 46th

B 59th

C 52nd

D 58th

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As we have learned

Rank of any Word -

We arrange the words according to dictionary.

Eq. for SUNIL

Rank is 95

- wherein

Tarting with A

4! / 2! = 12 words

Starting with L ----> 4! = 24 words

Starting with m -----> 4! / 2! = 12 words

Starting with S ----> A ----> 3! / 2! = 3 words

L -----> 3! = 6 words

M ----> A ---> L ---> L--->

Position = 12+24+12+3+6+1 = 58 th

If the letter of the word 'MOTHER' be permuted and all the words so formed (with or without meaning) be listed as in a dictionary, then
the position of the word 'MOTHER' is _____

(116443)
A 246

B 204

C 309

D 289

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So position of word MOTHER in dictionary

2 × 5! + 2 × 4! + 3 × 3! + 2! + 1 = 240 + 48 + 18 + 2 + 1 = 309

13/30) Concept title RANK OF A WORD IN A DICTIONARY (92369)

E.g. we need to select 4 students out of the 15 students who will represent the college at a quiz or we need to form an
academic committee of 3 professors from 10 professors. In this case, who is selected “first”, who is selected “second” and
so on does not matter. The words “first” and “second” implicitly implies an “ordering”. What matters in the case of
selection is only the composition of the final “group”.

The notation of selecting r objects from n given object is , let’s derive the value of , and it’s relation with permutation
notation.

Let's say we want to arrange 5(A,B,C,D,E) object out of 2 object, then using the concept of permutation we can do this in
ways. In other ways we can calculate the same thing by selecting 2 things out of 5, which can be done as and then
arrange the 2 selected thing which can be done in 2! ways. So we have

We can generalize this concept for r object to be selected from given n objects as

Where 1 ≤ r ≤ n

Now we have the value of

Example: In ICC World Cup 2019 total 10 teams participated and each team has to play one game in the league stage with
other teams before qualifying for the semifinals, so how many total games will be played in the league stage.

Solution: for playing a game there will be two teams is involved so this is a simple problem of selecting two teams, so this
can be done in

Hence in total 45 games will be played in the league stage.

Text

Description

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Video

Book Mathematics Textbook for Class VII - Page no: , Line No: , Para:

Mathematics Textbook for Class XI - Page no: 150, Line No: 11, Para:

Theorem 5
Proof Corresponding to each combination of nCr

Mathematics for Joint Entrance Examination JEE (Advanced) : Algebra - Page no: 7.13, Line No: 33, Para:

Combination: Elementory

Algebra (Arihant) - Page no: 374, Line No: 1, Para:

Combination

Question
The value of is equal to:

(2042)
A 560

B 680

C 1240

D 1085

As we learnt in

Theorem of Combination -

Each of the different groups or selection which can be made by taking r things from n things is called a combination.

- wherein

Where

Correct option is 2.

Two different families A and B are blessed with an equal number of children. There are 3 tickets to be distributed amongst the
children of these families so that no child gets more than one ticket. If the probability that all the tickets go to the children of the family
B is 1/12, then the number of children in each family are:

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(13951)

A 3

B 4

C 5

D 6

As we have learned

Theorem of Combination -

Each of the different groups or selection which can be made by taking r things from n things is called a combination.

- wherein

Where

Let the number of children in each family be Thus the total number of children in both the families are 2x Now, it is given that 3
tickets are distributed among the children of these two families. Thus the probability that all the 3 tickets go to the children of family B
is:

There are m men and two women participating in a chess tournament. Each participant plays two games with every other participant.
If the number of games played by the men between themselves exceeds the number of games played between the men and the
women by 84, then the value of m is :

(32657)
A 9

B 11

C 12

D 7

Theorem of Combination -

Each of the different groups or selection which can be made by taking r things from n things is called a combination.

- wherein

Where

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Consider three boxes, each containing 10 balls labelled Suppose one ball is randomly drawn from each of the boxes.
Denote by the label of the ball drawn from the box, Then, the number of ways in which the balls can be chosen
such that is :

(32743)
A

164

120

240

Theorem of Combination -

Each of the different groups or selection which can be made by taking r things from n things is called a combination.

- wherein

Where

The number of ways of choosing 10 objects out of 31 objects of which 10 are identical and the remaining 21 is distinct, is:

(57661)
A

Theorem of Combination -

Each of the different groups or selection which can be made by taking r things from n things is called a combination.

- wherein

Where

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No. of ways

Which of the following pairs represent complementary combination ?

(18475)
A

D none of these

As we have learned

Complementary Combination -

If out of n things we take r at a time then we left (n - r) things. So .

- wherein

& are called complementary combinations.

A box contains 10 distinct balls , then the number of ways of selecting none or more balls from it is

(18487)
A 256

B 20

C 100

D 1024

As we have learned

Rule for Combinations -

The number of ways in which a selection of NONE, ONE or MORE objects can be made from n DISTINCT objects is .

Number of ways =

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The number of four letter words that can be formed using the letters of the word BARRACK is :

(14021)
A 120

B 144

C 264

D 270

INTRODUCTION OF COMBINATIONS -

Now we have the value of

Where 1 ≤ r ≤ n

word is BARRACK Different letters = 2A, 2R, 1B, 1C, 1K

Different 4 letter selections can be

Case I : 2 alike of one kind, 2 alike of other kind

AARR ; Total words =

Case II : 2 alike of one kind, 2 different

_ _ _ _ ; words =

alike

=2x6x12=144

Case III : All different

_ _ _ _ ; words =

Total words = 6+144+120

=270

The number of all matrices A, with enteries from the set such that the sum of the diagonal elements of is 3,
is

(98069)
A 672

B 512

C 1024

D 256

Transpose of a matrix -
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a spose o a at

Transpose of a matrix

In simple language transpose of a matrix is changing its row into columns or columns into rows. Let be a matrix, then
matrix obtained by changing rows into columns or vice-versa will give transpose of A which is denoted as A’ or A or AT. Hence
t

E.g

Properties of the transpose of a matrix:

If A’ and B’ denotes the transpose of the matrix then :

i) (A’)’=A

ii) (A±B)’=A’ ± B’ (given that A and B are conformable for matrix addition)

iii) (kA)’ = kA’

iv) (AB)’ = B’A’ ( given that A and B are conformable for matrix product AB)

Trace of a matrix and properties -

Trace of matrix: The sum of all diagonal elements of a square matrix is called trace of a matrix.

Trace of matrix is denoted by Tr(A).

For a given matrix A,

Properties of trace of matrix:

Let and k is a scalar, then

i) Tr(kA)=k·Tr(A)

ii) Tr(A ± B) = Tr(A) ± Tr(B)

iii) Tr(AB) = Tr(BA)

iv) Tr(A) = Tr(A’)

v) Tr(AB) ≠ Tr(A)Tr(B)

INTRODUCTION OF COMBINATIONS -

So far our task was always to “arrange” objects i.e. to place them in a specific order among themselves. Sometimes we would be
interested in only “selecting” few objects out of the given objects. In this case we just need to “select” and we do not need to “arrange”
them in an order.
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E.g. we need to select 4 students out of the 15 students who will represent the college at a quiz or we need to form an academic
committee of 3 professors from 10 professors. In this case, who is selected “first”, who is selected “second” and so on does not
matter. The words “first” and “second” implicitly implies an “ordering”. What matters in the case of selection is only the composition of
the final “group”.

The notation of selecting r objects from n given object is , let’s derive the value of , and it’s relation with permutation notation.

Let's say we want to arrange 5(A,B,C,D,E) object out of 2 object, then using the concept of permutation we can do this in ways.
In other ways we can calculate the same thing by selecting 2 things out of 5, which can be done as and then arrange the 2
selected thing which can be done in 2! ways. So we have

We can generalize this concept for r object to be selected from given n objects as

Where 1 ≤ r ≤ n

Now we have the value of

Let matrix A

So out of 9 elements, 3 elements must be equal to 1 or −1, and the rest elements must be 0.

Possible causes

The probability that a randomly chosen number is made from exactly two digits is :

(111804)
A

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A test consists of 6 multiple choice questions, each having 4 alternative answer of which only one is correct. The number of ways, in
which a candidate answers all six questions such that exactly four of the answers are correct, is____________

(111886)
A 95

B 135

C 105

D 120

The number of words, with or without meaning, that can be formed by taking 4 letters at a time from the letters of the word
'SYLLABUS' such that two letters are distinct and two letters are alike, is ______.

(112057)
A 360

B 420

C 120

D 240

SYLLABUS

2S and 2L

We need to form word of the type XYZZ

Total number of ways

Team 'A' consists of 7 boys and n girls and Team 'B' has 4 boys and 6 girls. If a total of 52 single matches can be arranged between
these two teams when a boy plays against a boy and a girl plays a against a girl, then n is equal to :

(120410)

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A 6

B 5

C 4

D 2

Total matches between boys of both team

Total matches between girls of both team

Now,

14/30) Concept title INTRODUCTION OF COMBINATIONS (92370)

Let us take an example of Selecting things from two or more different groups:

Out of 5 men and 6 women in how many ways can a committee of 5 members be selected such that at least
2 members are women?

Solution:

At Least 2 members are women implies that there could be 2 women or 3 men or 3 women or 2 men or All 5 are women in
the committee. Thus, the required number of ways are

2 women + 3 men =

3 women + 2 men =

4 women + 1 men =

5 women =

So, the total number of ways

Text

Description

Video

Book Mathematics Textbook for Class XI - Page no: 150, Line No: 11, Para:

Theorem 5
Proof Corresponding to each combination of nCr

Mathematics for Joint Entrance Examination JEE (Advanced) : Algebra - Page no: 7.13, Line No: 33, Para:

Combination

Algebra (Arihant) - Page no: 3741, Line No: 1, Para:

Combination

Question
From 6 different novels and 3 different dictionaries, 4 novels and 2 dictionary are to be selected and arranged in a row on a shelf so
that the dictionary is always in the middle. The number of such arrangements is :

(13802)
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(13802)

A at least 750 but less than 1000

B at least 1000 but less than 2000

C at least 2000

D at least 500 but less than 750

APPLICATIONS OF SELECTIONS -I -

6 Different novels, 3 different dictionaries.

Selections are and

Arrangements are 4 ! (in case of novel) and 2! (In case of dictionary)

Number of such arrangements

The correct option is 3.

From 6 different novels and 3 different dictionaries, 4 novels and 1 dictionary are to be selected and arranged in a row on a shelf so
that the dictionary is always in the middle. Then the number of such arrangements is

(5769)
A at least 500 but less than 750

B at least 750 but less than 1000

C at least 1000

D less than 500

APPLICATIONS OF SELECTIONS -I -

6 Different novels, 3 different dictionaries.

Selections are and

Arrangements are 4 !

Number of such arrangements

The correct option is 3.

A man X has 7 friends, 4 of them are ladies and 3 are men. His wife Y also has 7 friends, 3 of them are ladies and 4 are men.
Assume X and Y have no common friends. Then the total number of ways in which X and Y together can throw a party inviting 3
ladies and 3 men, so that 3 friends of each of X and Y are in this party, is :

(1882)
A 468

B 469

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C 484

D 485

APPLICATIONS OF SELECTIONS -I -

We use combinations

Possible cases for X are:

Possible cases for y are:

Total number of ways

The correct option is 4.

There are two urns. Urn A has 3 distinct red balls and urn B has 9 distinct blue balls. From each urn two balls are taken out at random
and then transferred to the other. The number of ways in which this can be done is

(5851)
A 3

B 36

C 66

D 108

APPLICATIONS OF SELECTIONS -I -

Urn A 3 Red balls.

Urn B 9 Blue balls

Number of ways

The correct option is 4.

A student is to answer 10 out of 13 questions in an examination such that he must choose at least 4 from the first five questions. The
number of choices available to him is

(5692)
A 196
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A 196

B 280

C 346

D 140

APPLICATIONS OF SELECTIONS -I -

Choose 10 out of 13 questions and choose at least 4 out of first five.

Choices and

Total = 196

Correct option is 1.

Consider a class of 5 girls and 7 boys. The number of different teams consisting of 2 girls and 3 boys that can be formed from this
class, if there are two specific boys A and B, who refuse to be members of the same team, is:

(33214)
A 500

B 200

C 300

D 250

APPLICATIONS OF SELECTIONS -I

From the concept of combination.

Required np. of ways

=Total no. of ways - when A and B are always included.

A committee of members is to be formed from males and females. if is the number of ways the commitee is formed with at
least males and is the number of ways the commitee is formed with at least females, then :

(58025)
A

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APPLICATIONS OF SELECTIONS -I

The number of 4 letter words (with or without meaning ) that can be formed from the eleven letters of the word 'EXAMINATION' is
_________,

(98024)
A

PERMUTATION AS AN ARRANGEMENT -

Permutation basically means the arrangement of things. And when we talk about arrangement then the order becomes important if
the things to be arranged are different from each other (when things to be arranged are the same then order don’t have any role to
play). So in permutations order of arrangement becomes important.

Arranging n objects taken r at a time is equivalent to filling r places from n things.

So the number of ways of filling n places with r objects = n(n - 1) (n - 2) ... (n - r + 1)

Where

The number of ways arranging n different objects taken all at a time = .

APPLICATIONS OF SELECTIONS -I -

Let us take an example of Selecting things from two or more different groups:

Out of 5 men and 6 women in how many ways can a committee of 5 members be selected such that at least 2 members are
women?

Solution:
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At Least 2 members are women implies that there could be 2 women or 3 men or 3 women or 2 men or All 5 are women in the
committee. Thus, the required number of ways are
2 women + 3 men =

3 women + 2 men =

4 women + 1 men =

5 women =

So, the total number of ways

EXAMINATION 2N, 2A, 2I, E, X, M, T, O

Case I All are different so

Case II 2 same and 2 different so

Case III 2 same and 2 same so = 18

Total = 2454

Correct Option (4)

An urn contains 5 red marbles, 4 black marbles, and 3 white marbles. Then the number of ways in which 4 marbles can be drawn so
that at the most three of them are red is:

(98061)
A 490

B 680

C 300

D 400

APPLICATIONS OF SELECTIONS -I -

Let us take an example of Selecting things from two or more different groups:

Out of 5 men and 6 women in how many ways can a committee of 5 members be selected such that at least 2 members are
women?

Solution:

At Least 2 members are women implies that there could be 2 women or 3 men or 3 women or 2 men or All 5 are women in the
committee. Thus, the required number of ways are

2 women + 3 men =

3 women + 2 men =

4 women + 1 men =

5 women =

So, the total number of ways

-
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If the total number of ways in which 8-digit number can be formed by using all the digits 0,1,2,3,4,5,7,9 such that no two even digits
appear together in (5!)k, then k is equal to:

(101489)
A 20

B 42

C 30

D 12

APPLICATIONS OF SELECTIONS -I -

Digit 0,1,2,3,4,5,7,9.

Odd = 1, 3, 5, 7, 9

_O_O_O_O_O_

Five odd (O) places can be filled by digits 1, 3, 5, 7, 9 in 5! Ways

Now, case 1 when first place is with digit 2

5 place can be filled with the digit 0 and 4 (_) in ? ways

Now, case 2 when first place is with digit 4

5 place can be filled with the digit 0 and 2 (_) in ? ways

Total ways (5!)(2 x )

k = 20

A scientific committee is to be formed from 6 Indians and 8 foreigners, which includes atleast 2 Indian and double the number of
foreigners as Indians. Then the number of ways, the committee can be formed, is :

(120156)
A 1050

B 575

C 1625

D 560

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15/30) Concept title APPLICATIONS OF SELECTIONS -I (92371)

Restricted Combination

The number of selection of r objects from n different objects:

1. When k particular things are always included =

This can be comprehended as taking out those k things which have to be included which can be done in 1 way and
then finding the ways in which r-k objects can be selected and putting those k things in r-k selected objects.

2. k particular things are never included =

This can be comprehended as taking out k things which have not to be selected which can be done in 1 way and then
finding the ways of selecting r things from n-k things.

3. The number of ways selecting r things out of n different thing such that p particular objects are always included and q
particular objects are always excluded =

This can be comprehended as taking out the q objects which should not be selected and putting it out and then taking
out p objects which have to be selected and then finding ways of selecting r-p objects out of n- p-q objects and
putting back p objects in r-p selected objects.

Example: In how many ways a cricket team can be selected out of 16 players such that 5 certain players must be included
in the team.

Solution: Since 5 certain player has to be included so be need to select 11-5=6 player from 16-5 = 11 player.

So we can select the team in

Text

Description

Video

Book Algebra (Arihant) - Page no: 376, Line No: 28, Para:

Restricted Combination

Mathematics for Joint Entrance Examination JEE (Advanced) : Algebra - Page no: 7.13, Line No: 33, Para:

Combination

Mathematics Textbook for Class XI - Page no: 150, Line No: 11, Para:

Theorem 5
Proof Corresponding to each combination of nCr

Question
A bag contains 5 identical red balls , 4 identical green balls , 3 identical black balls then the number of ways of selecting none or more
balls is

(18488)
A 12

B 60

C 120

D 119
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119

As we have learned

Theorem of Combinations -

The number of ways of selecting from a collection of m objects of one kind, n objects of another kind and p objects of another kind
are (m + 1) (n + 1) (p + 1).

Number of ways = (5+1)(4+1)(3+1) =

A bag contains four coins of each 1 rupee, 2 rupees and 5 rupees. Assuming coins of same denomination to be identical. The
number of ways of donating some amount to a begger is

(18493)
A 12

B 11

C 64

D 124

As we have learned

Theorem of Combinations -

The number of ways of selecting at least one item from a collection of m objects of one kind, n objects of another kind and p other
kind is (m + 1) (n + 1) (p + 1) -1.

Number of ways = (4+1)(4+1)(4+1)-1 = 124

A bag contains 3 identical red ball , 4 identical blue balls, 5 identicals green balls . The number of ways of selecting at least one ball
from each color is

(18495)
A 60

B 12

C 120

D 15

As we have learned

Theorem of Combinations -

The number of ways of selecting at least one objects of each kind from a collection of m objects of one kind, n objects of another
kind and p objects of other kind is mnp.

Number of ways =

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There are unlimited number of identical red, identical blue, identical green ball in stock.The number of ways of selection to have 10
balls in total is

(18498)
A 65

B 66

C 67

D 68

As we have learned

Theorem of Combinations -

The number of combinations of n distinct objects taken r at a time when any object may be repeated any number of times is
.

- wherein

Coefficient of in .

Number of ways =

The value of is equal to:

(2042)
A 560

B 680

C 1240

D 1085

As we learnt in

Theorem of Combination -

Each of the different groups or selection which can be made by taking r things from n things is called a combination.

- wherein

Where

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Correct option is 2.

Two different families A and B are blessed with an equal number of children. There are 3 tickets to be distributed amongst the
children of these families so that no child gets more than one ticket. If the probability that all the tickets go to the children of the family
B is 1/12, then the number of children in each family are:

(13951)
A 3

B 4

C 5

D 6

As we have learned

Theorem of Combination -

Each of the different groups or selection which can be made by taking r things from n things is called a combination.

- wherein

Where

Let the number of children in each family be Thus the total number of children in both the families are 2x Now, it is given that 3
tickets are distributed among the children of these two families. Thus the probability that all the 3 tickets go to the children of family B
is:

There are m men and two women participating in a chess tournament. Each participant plays two games with every other participant.
If the number of games played by the men between themselves exceeds the number of games played between the men and the
women by 84, then the value of m is :

(32657)
A 9

B 11

C 12

D 7

Theorem of Combination -

Each of the different groups or selection which can be made by taking r things from n things is called a combination.

- wherein

Where

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Consider three boxes, each containing 10 balls labelled Suppose one ball is randomly drawn from each of the boxes.
Denote by the label of the ball drawn from the box, Then, the number of ways in which the balls can be chosen
such that is :

(32743)
A

164

120

240

Theorem of Combination -

Each of the different groups or selection which can be made by taking r things from n things is called a combination.

- wherein

Where

The number of ways of choosing 10 objects out of 31 objects of which 10 are identical and the remaining 21 is distinct, is:

(57661)
A

Theorem of Combination -

Each of the different groups or selection which can be made by taking r things from n things is called a combination.

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- wherein

Where

No. of ways

Which of the following pairs represent complementary combination ?

(18475)
A

D none of these

As we have learned

Complementary Combination -

If out of n things we take r at a time then we left (n - r) things. So .

- wherein

& are called complementary combinations.

Out of a group of 10 students , 4 has to deliver a sppech one by one in order . But out of these 10 , two students are decided , not to
be included .

Then the number of ways in which speech can be delivered is

(18481)
A 1440

B 1680

C 1920

D 2125

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As we have learned

Rule of Restricted Permutations -

The number of permutations of n dissimilar things takes r at a time when p particular things never occur is .

Since , two are not to be included , so all 4 has to be selected out of 8 only

its number of ways

Now ,m those selected four can speak in 4 ! ways

Total number of ways = 70 * 24 = 1680

The number of ways of selecting 15 teams from 15 men and 15 women, such that each team consists of a man and a woman, is :

(2560)
A 1120

B 1240

C 1880

D 1960

APPLICATIONS OF SELECTIONS -II -

Restricted Combination

The number of selection of r objects from n different objects:

1. When k particular things are always included =

This can be comprehended as taking out those k things which have to be included which can be done in 1 way and then
finding the ways in which r-k objects can be selected and putting those k things in r-k selected objects.

2. k particular things are never included =

This can be comprehended as taking out k things which have not to be selected which can be done in 1 way and then finding
the ways of selecting r things from n-k things.

3. The number of ways selecting r things out of n different thing such that p particular objects are always included and q particular
objects are always excluded =

This can be comprehended as taking out the q objects which should not be selected and putting it out and then taking out p
objects which have to be selected and then finding ways of selecting r-p objects out of n- p-q objects and putting back p objects
in r-p selected objects.

We use selections.

To select one man and woman out of 15 men and 15 women are

For the second team, we get

and so on, we have

The correct option is 2.

Directions : Question is Assertion-Reason type The question contains two statements : Statement-1 (Assertion) and Statement-2
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Directions : Question is Assertion-Reason type. The question contains two statements : Statement-1 (Assertion) and Statement-2
(Reason). Each of these questions also has four alternative choices, only one of which is the correct answer. You have to select the
correct choice.

Question : In a shop there are five types of icecreams available. A child buys six icecreams.

Statement - 1 : The number of different ways the child can buy the six icecreams is .

Statement - 2 : The number of different ways the child can buy the six ice-creams is equal to the number of different ways of
arranging 6 and 4 in a row.

(5700)
A Statement-1 is true, Statement-2 is false

B Statement-1 is false, Statement-2 is true

C Statement-1 is true, Statement-2 is true? Statement-2 is a correct explanation for Statement-1

D Statement-1 is true, Statement-2 is true? Statement-2 is not a correct explanation for Statement-1

APPLICATIONS OF SELECTIONS -II -

Restricted Combination

The number of selection of r objects from n different objects:

1. When k particular things are always included =

This can be comprehended as taking out those k things which have to be included which can be done in 1 way and then
finding the ways in which r-k objects can be selected and putting those k things in r-k selected objects.

2. k particular things are never included =

This can be comprehended as taking out k things which have not to be selected which can be done in 1 way and then finding
the ways of selecting r things from n-k things.

3. The number of ways selecting r things out of n different thing such that p particular objects are always included and q particular
objects are always excluded =

This can be comprehended as taking out the q objects which should not be selected and putting it out and then taking out p
objects which have to be selected and then finding ways of selecting r-p objects out of n- p-q objects and putting back p objects
in r-p selected objects.

So, the statement -2 is true.

The correct option is 2.

Assume that each born child is equally likely to be a boy or a girl. If two families have two children each, then the conditional
probability that all children are girls given that at least two are girls is:

(57599)
A

D
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APPLICATIONS OF SELECTIONS -II -

Restricted Combination

There are 4 children

total number of ways in which at least 2 girls are there

Required Probability =

Option (1) is correct.

A group of students comprises of 5 boys and n girls. If the number of ways, in which a team of 3 students can randomly be selected
from this group such that there is at least one boy and at least one girl in each team, is 1750, then n is equal to :

(58161)
A 28

B 27

C 25

D 24

APPLICATIONS OF SELECTIONS -II -

Restricted Combination

The number of selection of r objects from n different objects:

1. When k particular things are always included =

This can be comprehended as taking out those k things which have to be included which can be done in 1 way and then
finding the ways in which r-k objects can be selected and putting those k things in r-k selected objects.

2. k particular things are never included =

This can be comprehended as taking out k things which have not to be selected which can be done in 1 way and then finding
the ways of selecting r things from n-k things.

3. The number of ways selecting r things out of n different thing such that p particular objects are always included and q particular
objects are always excluded =

This can be comprehended as taking out the q objects which should not be selected and putting it out and then taking out p
objects which have to be selected and then finding ways of selecting r-p objects out of n- p-q objects and putting back p objects
in r-p selected objects.

at least one boy & one girl :

( 1B & 2G) + ( 2B & 1G)

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As, n cannot be -ve so, n = 25

16/30) Concept title APPLICATIONS OF SELECTIONS -II (92373)

If there are n points in the plane and out of which no three are collinear then,

1. Total No. of lines that can be formed using these n points = nC2

2. Total No. of triangles that can be formed using these n points = nC3

3. Total no. of Diagonals that can be formed in n sided polygon = nC2 - n

If there are n points in the plane and out of which m points are collinear, then,

1. Total No. of different lines that can be formed by joining these n points is

2. Total No. of different triangles that can be formed by joining these n points is

3. Total No. of different quadrilaterals formed by joining these n points is

If m parallel lines in a plane are intersected by the family of other n parallel lines, then the total number of parallelograms
formed is

Number of rectangles and squares

1. Number of rectangles of any size in a square of n x n is and number of squares of any size is .

2. In a rectangle of n x p (n < p) number of rectangles of any size is and number of squares of any size

is .

Text

Description

Video

Book Algebra (Arihant) - Page no: 398, Line No: Example no. 110, Para:

How many lines can be drawn from 10 points such that none of 3 points are collinear?

Mathematics for Joint Entrance Examination JEE (Advanced) : Algebra - Page no: 7.38, Line No: 1, Para:

EXAMPLE 7.10

Question
Number of rectangles on a chess board equals

(18465)
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(18465)

A 1296

B 1440

C 1125

D 1020

As we have learned

Number of rectangles -

Number of rectangles of any size in a square of is .

- wherein

Where

Number of rectangle =

Number of squares on a chess boards equals

(18466)
A 196

B 204

C 1140

D 1296

As we have learned

Number of squares -

Number of squares of any size from is .

- wherein

NUmber of squares =

There is a rectangular grid of , which is divided internally into 63 sqaures of 1 unit length each , then the number of
rectangules that can be formed on this grid is

(18467)
A 204

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B 1140

C 1260

D none of these

As we have learned

Number of rectangles -

In a rectangle of number of rectangles of any size

- wherein

Where (P > n)

Numer of rectangle =

There is rectangle of which is further divided internally into squares of unit division , by drawing lines parallel to sides of
rectangle , then the number of squares on that rectangle , which can be formed is

(18468)
A 22

B 30

C 32

D 40

As we have learned

Number of squares -

In a rectangle of , number of squares of any size is

Number of squares =

7 straight lines are there in a plane , such that no two are parallel and no three are on current , then number of parts , in which the
palne will be divided by these lines is

(18469)
A 27

B 29

C 31

D 33
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D 33

As we have learned

Number of Planes -

n straight lines are drawn in the plane such that no two lines are parallel and no three lines are concurrent. Then the number of parts
which these line divide the plane is equal to .

Number of parts = 1 + (1+2+3+.....7 )

A question paper has 10 questions. Then the number of ways in which a student can attempt the paper so that he score at least one
question is

(18470)
A 1023

B 512

C 1024

D 20

As we have learned

Rule for answering of n different questions -

The number of ways of answering one or more of n question is .

Number of ways =

A question paper has 6 question with one alternative each . Then the number of ways in which a student can attempt the paper , so
that he solve at least one question is

(18471)
A 729

B 728

C 18

D 17

As we have learned

Rule for answering of n different questions -

The number of ways of answering one or more of n questions when each question has an alternative .

Number of ways =
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A question paper has 10 question , with one alternative each . Then the number of ways of attempting the paper , when each
question is to be answered is

(18472)
A 20

B 100

C 1024

D 1023

As we have learned

Rule for answering n different questions -

The number of ways of answering all of n question when each question has an alternative is 2n.

- wherein

True - False questions.

Number of ways = 1024

Let be the number of all possible triangles formed by joining vertices of an n-sided regular polygon. If then the
value of n is

(3944)
A 8

B 7

C 5

D 10

APPLICATIONS OF SELECTIONS - III (GEOMETRICAL APPLICATIONS) -

If there are n points in the plane and out of which no three are collinear then,

1. Total No. of lines that can be formed using these n points = nC2

2. Total No. of triangles that can be formed using these n points = nC3

3. Total no. of Diagonals that can be formed in n sided polygon = nC2 - n

no. of the selection of 3 vertices out of n vertices

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Suppose that 20 pillars of the same height have been erected along the boundary of a circular stadium. If the top of each pillar has
been connected by beams with the top of all its non-adjacent pillars, then the total number of beams is :

(58095)
A 170

B 180

C 210

D 190

APPLICATIONS OF SELECTIONS - III (GEOMETRICAL APPLICATIONS) -

If there are n points in the plane and out of which no three are collinear then,

1. Total No. of lines that can be formed using these n points = nC2

2. Total No. of triangles that can be formed using these n points = nC3

3. Total no. of Diagonals that can be formed in n sided polygon = nC2 - n

Any two non-adjacent pillars are joined by beams.

no. of beams = no. of diagonals

Option (1) is correct.

If three of the six vertices of a regular hexagon are chosen at random, then the probability that the triangle formed with these chosen
vertices is equilateral is :

(58125)
A

APPLICATIONS OF SELECTIONS - III (GEOMETRICAL APPLICATIONS) -

If there are n points in the plane and out of which no three are collinear then,

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1. Total No. of lines that can be formed using these n points = nC2

2. Total No. of triangles that can be formed using these n points = nC3

3. Total no. of Diagonals that can be formed in n sided polygon = nC2 - n

Only two equilateral triangles are possible and

17/30) Concept title APPLICATIONS OF SELECTIONS - III (GEOMETRICAL APPLICATIONS) (92377)

To determine the number of ways to reach in the shortest way from point A to B.

When considering the possible paths or shortest path one can observe that the total number of steps in the forward
direction is 6-R(Right) and in the upward direction is 4-U(Upward)

Now, If we arrange in any way it comes to be the shortest path.

Or one can say that first find all the possible steps and arrange them to get the total number of possible ways.

Using "u" and "r" we can write out a path:

r r r r r r u u u u

r r r u u u u r r r

many more...

Hence, the total number of ways is or,

Text

Description

Video

Book Mathematics for Joint Entrance Examination JEE (Advanced) : Algebra - Page no: 1.16, Line No: 4, Para:

Question
Number of ways of selecting at least one object out of 5 distinct objects

(18484)
A 34

B 33

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C 32

D 31

As we have learned

Rule for selection of one or more objects -

The number of ways in which a selection of one or more objects can be made from n distinct object is .

- wherein

Hence x = 1

Number of ways =

A box contains 10 distinct balls , then the number of ways of selecting none or more balls from it is

(18487)
A 256

B 20

C 100

D 1024

As we have learned

Rule for Combinations -

The number of ways in which a selection of NONE, ONE or MORE objects can be made from n DISTINCT objects is .

Number of ways =

There are 3 sections in a question paper & each section contains 5 questions. A candidate has to answer a total of 5 questions,
choosing at least one question from each section. Then the number of ways in which the candidate can choose questions is:

(111631)
A 3000

B 2250

C 2255

D 1500

Case I: 3, 1, 1

The number of ways is

Case II: 2, 2, 1

The number of ways is

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The total number of ways 2250.

The total number of matrices A having entries from the set such that the sum of all the diagonal entries of is 9 , is equal to
___________.

(120766)
A 0

B 8

C 88

D 766

Total no. of ways = 1 + 9 + 8 X 63 + 63 X 4 = 766.

18/30) Concept title APPLICATIONS OF SELECTIONS-IV (92383)

In certain situations, one has the liberty of selecting any number of objects from n (say) given objects. In this case, one can
select 1 object or 2 objects or 3 objects or so on or all n objects. Just as one could have selected n objects, one could also
have selected none of the given objects i.e. selected 0 objects.

Further, if the n objects are all different objects then not just how many are to be selected but a further question of which
objects are selected also assumes importance. Thus there are two cases viz. the n objects being distinct or being identical.

Selections of Any number of objects out of n DISTINCT objects:

Total no. of selections [Including empty Selections ]

Total no. of Non Empty selection = ways

Example: A buffet dinner consists of 5 different dishes. In how many different ways can one help oneself if he has to take
at least one dish?

Solution: The person can help himself to 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 or 5 dishes. Further, when he takes 1 (or 2 or 3 or 4) he can also
choose which of the dish he takes. Thus he can help himself in 5C1 + 5C2 + … + 5C5 i.e. 32 – 1 = 31 ways.
T t
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Text

Description

Video

Book Algebra (Arihant) - Page no: 379, Line No: 1, Para:

Combination from identical objects

Mathematics for Joint Entrance Examination JEE (Advanced) : Algebra - Page no: 7.24, Line No: 67, Para:

SELECTION FROM IDENTICAL OBJECTS

Question
Number of ways of selecting at least one object out of 5 distinct objects

(18484)
A 34

B 33

C 32

D 31

As we have learned

Rule for selection of one or more objects -

The number of ways in which a selection of one or more objects can be made from n distinct object is .

- wherein

Hence x = 1

Number of ways =

A box contains 10 distinct balls , then the number of ways of selecting none or more balls from it is

(18487)
A 256

B 20

C 100

D 1024

As we have learned

Rule for Combinations -

The number of ways in which a selection of NONE, ONE or MORE objects can be made from n DISTINCT objects is .

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Number of ways =

A bag contains 5 identical red balls , 4 identical green balls , 3 identical black balls then the number of ways of selecting none or more
balls is

(18488)
A 12

B 60

C 120

D 119

As we have learned

Theorem of Combinations -

The number of ways of selecting from a collection of m objects of one kind, n objects of another kind and p objects of another kind
are (m + 1) (n + 1) (p + 1).

Number of ways = (5+1)(4+1)(3+1) =

A bag contains four coins of each 1 rupee, 2 rupees and 5 rupees. Assuming coins of same denomination to be identical. The
number of ways of donating some amount to a begger is

(18493)
A 12

B 11

C 64

D 124

As we have learned

Theorem of Combinations -

The number of ways of selecting at least one item from a collection of m objects of one kind, n objects of another kind and p other
kind is (m + 1) (n + 1) (p + 1) -1.

Number of ways = (4+1)(4+1)(4+1)-1 = 124

A bag contains 3 identical red ball , 4 identical blue balls, 5 identicals green balls . The number of ways of selecting at least one ball
from each color is

(18495)
A 60

B 12
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C 120

D 15

As we have learned

Theorem of Combinations -

The number of ways of selecting at least one objects of each kind from a collection of m objects of one kind, n objects of another
kind and p objects of other kind is mnp.

Number of ways =

There are unlimited number of identical red, identical blue, identical green ball in stock.The number of ways of selection to have 10
balls in total is

(18498)
A 65

B 66

C 67

D 68

As we have learned

Theorem of Combinations -

The number of combinations of n distinct objects taken r at a time when any object may be repeated any number of times is
.

- wherein

Coefficient of in .

Number of ways =

Let n > 2 be an integer. Suppose that there are n Metro station in a city located along a circular path. Each pair of stations is
connected by a straight track only. Further, each pair of nearest station is connected by blue line, whereas all remaining pair of
stations are connected by red line. If the number of red lines is 99 times the number of blue lines, then the value of n is :

(116318)
A 101

B 201

C 200

D 199

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Number of blue lines = Number of sides = n

Number of red lines = number of diagonals =

19/30) Concept title SELECTION OF ANY NUMBER OF DISTINCT OBJECTS (92385)

Selections of Any number of objects out of n IDENTICAL objects:

Total no. of selections [Including empty Selections ] = (n+1) ways

Total no. of Non Empty selection = n ways

These both cases can be justified as selecting 1 or 2 or 3...or...n objects can be done in 1 way so total n ways and if we don’t
select any then it adds one more way of 0 selection, hence n+1 ways

Question: In how many different ways can a person make a purchase from a fruit seller who has 5 mangoes, 8 apples and
10 oranges left with him and if the person has to purchase at least 1 mango, at least 1 apple and at least 1 orange?

Solution: Since at least 1 of each type has to be purchased, the number of ways with each of the different fruits is 5 ways, 8
ways and 10 ways. Thus, the total number of ways in which the purchase can be made is 5 × 8 × 10 = 400 ways.
Text

Description

Video

Book Mathematics Textbook for Class VII - Page no: , Line No: , Para:

Mathematics for Joint Entrance Examination JEE (Advanced) : Algebra - Page no: 7.24, Line No: 80, Para:

Selection of at least one object from n Identical objects

Algebra (Arihant) - Page no: 379, Line No: 1, Para:

Selection of at least one object from n Identical objects

Question
An urn contains nine balls of which three are red, four are blue and two are green. Three balls are drawn at random without
replacement from the urn. The probability that the three balls have different colours is

(5868)
A

B
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Selections
C of Any number of objects out of n IDENTICAL objects:

Total no. of selections [Including empty Selections ] = (n+1) ways

Total no. of Non Empty selection = n ways

These both cases can be justified as selecting 1 or 2 or 3...or...n objects can be done in 1 way so total n ways and if we don’t
select any then it adds one more way of 0 selection, hence n+1 ways

Question: In how many different ways can a person make a purchase from a fruit seller who has 5 mangoes, 8 apples and
10 oranges left with him and if the person has to purchase at least 1 mango, at least 1 apple and at least 1 orange?

Solution: Since at least 1 of each type has to be purchased, the number of ways with each of the different fruits is 5 ways, 8
ways and 10 ways. Thus, the total number of ways in which the purchase can be made is 5 × 8 × 10 = 400 ways.
Text

SELECTION OF ANY NUMBER OF IDENTICAL OBJECTS -

Selections of Any number of objects out of n IDENTICAL objects:

Total no. of selections [Including empty Selections ] = (n+1) ways

Total no. of Non Empty selection = n ways

These both cases can be justified as selecting 1 or 2 or 3...or...n objects can be done in 1 way so total n ways and if we don’t select
any then it adds one more way of 0 selection, hence n+1 ways

A bag contains 5 identical red balls and 6 distinct black balls , then number of ways of selecting atleast one ball is

(18500)
A 381

B 382

C 383

D 384

SELECTION OF ANY NUMBER OF IDENTICAL OBJECTS -

Number of ways =

A shopkeeper has 10 copies of each of nine different books, then number of ways in which atleast one book can be selected is

(52243)
A

C
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Selections
D of Any number of objects out of n IDENTICAL objects:

Total no. of selections [Including empty Selections ] = (n+1) ways

Total no. of Non Empty selection = n ways

These both cases can be justified as selecting 1 or 2 or 3...or...n objects can be done in 1 way so total n ways and if we don’t
select any then it adds one more way of 0 selection, hence n+1 ways

Question: In how many different ways can a person make a purchase from a fruit seller who has 5 mangoes, 8 apples and
10 oranges left with him and if the person has to purchase at least 1 mango, at least 1 apple and at least 1 orange?

Solution: Since at least 1 of each type has to be purchased, the number of ways with each of the different fruits is 5 ways, 8
ways and 10 ways. Thus, the total number of ways in which the purchase can be made is 5 × 8 × 10 = 400 ways.
Text

SELECTION OF ANY NUMBER OF IDENTICAL OBJECTS -

Theorem of Combinations -

The number of ways of selecting at least one item from a collection of m objects of one kind, n objects of another kind and p other
kind is (m + 1) (n + 1) (p + 1) -1.

selection of atleast one book =

9 times

20/30) Concept title SELECTION OF ANY NUMBER OF IDENTICAL OBJECTS (92400)

Consider that 12 people have to be divided among the three groups of unequal sizes such as one group has
3 members, one group has 4 members and one group has 5 members?

We could have formed a group of 3 members in ways. Having formed a group of three, we would be left with 12 – 3 = 9
people. A group of 4 members can be formed from these 9 members in 9C4 ways. For each group of 3 members formed
earlier, there would be further ways of forming a group of four. Thus, the total possible number of ways of forming a
group of 3 and a group of 4 would be . Now there would be 5 people left who are the third group i.e. the third
group can be formed in only 1 way. To maintain consistency, we will say that the third group can be formed in ways
(which is 1 anyways).

Thus the total number of ways of forming the groups is . This concept can be generalized for (m+n+r)
distinct objects which has to be grouped into three unequal groups containing m,n and r objects. so this grouping can be
done in

This same thing will apply for (m+n) distinct object which has to be grouped in two unequal containing m, and n items.

When the order of a group is important:

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Book Mathematics for Joint Entrance Examination JEE (Advanced) : Algebra - Page no: 7.26, Line No: 22, Para:

DIVISION AND DISTRIBUTION OF DISTINCT NUMBERS

Algebra (Arihant) - Page no: 381, Line No: 37, Para:

DIVISION OF OBJECTS INTO GROUPS

Question
Which of the following can be possible ?

(18455)
A An arrangement of 6 identical objects into all eight distinct groups

B The arrangement of 6 distinct objects into all seven distinct groups

C Distribution of 5 distinct balls aways 6 peoples , so that each receive at least one

D Arrangement of 6 distinct objects, into 6 distinct groups, each group having at least one object

As we have learned

Division into Groups -

We make arrangement of r different groups from n different things.

In (A ) , (B) and (C ) number of objects are smaller than number of groups . So (A) , (B) , (C ) are not possible , but only possible is
(D )

Number of ways in which 10 identical balls can be distributed among 5 students so that each get one is

(18456)
A

As we have learned

Rule for Division into Groups -

The number of ways in which n different things can be arranged into r different groups is .

- wherein

Where

Number of ways =

No. of ways of alloting three rooms of a hotel among 12 guest , where one room has capacity of 3 . other has capacity of 4 and third
has capacity of 5 is

(18503)
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(18503)

A 12 !

B 27720

D (3)! )(4)! (5)!

DIVISION OF OBJECTS INTO GROUPING (when size of group is not equal) -

This concept can be generalized for (m+n+r) distinct objects which has to be grouped into three unequal groups containing m,n and r
objects. so this grouping can be done in

This same thing will apply for (m+n) distinct object which has to be grouped in two unequal containing m, and n items.

When the order of a group is important:

Firstly 12 groups has to be divided into three groups of 3 , 4 and 5

No. of ways of division =

After division allotement can be done only in one way

Total number of ways =

Out of a group of 8 students, 5 are to be arranged in a queue, among which particular 3 out of 8 must be definitely there. Then the
number of ways in which queue can be formed is

(18477)
A 1000

B 1100

C 1200

D 1300

DIVISION OF OBJECTS INTO GROUPING (when size of group is not equal) -

This concept can be generalized for (m+n+r) distinct objects which has to be grouped into three unequal groups containing m,n and r
objects. so this grouping can be done in

This same thing will apply for (m+n) distinct object which has to be grouped in two unequal containing m, and n items.

When the order of a group is important:

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Out of 8 students - 3 students already fixed

So out of remaining 5 - any two has to be included more

no. of ways of selecting those two =

Now we have a total of 5 students, so every five can be allocated in 5 ! i.e 120 ways

Total number of ways = 120 * 10 = 1200

(117010)
A 31650

B 3165

C 36150

D 3165

If group C has one student then number of groups

If group C has two students then number of groups

If group C has three students then number of groups

So total groups =31650

21/30) Concept title DIVISION OF OBJECTS INTO GROUPING (when size of group is not equal) (92401)

Number of ways of dividing mn object into m groups such that all groups contain n objects:

1. If the order of the group is not important =

2. If the order of groups is important =

Example: How many ways 12 people can be divided into 3 groups, such that all three of them contain 4 people each.

Solution: The number of ways of forming the three groups is . Since we are multiplying these three factors,
we are inadvertently also arranging the groups in a particular order. (Remember that if one position can be filled in 5 ways,
another can be filled in 4 ways, third can be filled in 3 ways, when we apply the rule of AND i.e. 5 × 4 × 3, we are basically
finding the number of “arrangements” of the three positions)

But the question requires us to just form groups and we do not have to “arrange” the groups. Since we have arranged 3
objects which did not have to be arranged, we have counted each unique way of forming the groups 3! times i.e. 6 times.
Thus, the correct answer would be found by dividing the earlier found answer by 3!
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Book Mathematics Textbook for Class VII - Page no: , Line No: , Para:

Mathematics for Joint Entrance Examination JEE (Advanced) : Algebra - Page no: 7.26, Line No: 22, Para:

DIVISION AND DISTRIBUTION

Algebra (Arihant) - Page no: 381, Line No: 37, Para:

Division of objects into group

Question
Number of ways in which a pack of 52 cards can be distributed equally among four person is

(18457)
A

As we have learned

Rule for Division into Groups -

Number of ways in which different objects can be distributed equally among n persons

Number of ways =

The number of ways in which two teams can be formed out of 7 students so that one has 3 members and other has 4 members

(18458)
A 35

B 40

C 45

D 50

As we have learned

Rule for Division into Groups -

The number of ways in which (m + n) different things can be divided into two groups which contain m and n things respectively is .

NUmber of ways =

Number of ways in which 10 students can be divided equally into two group is

(18459)
A 124

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B 126

C 128

D 130

As we have learned

Rule for Division into Groups -

The number of ways in which 2n different things can be divided equally into two group is .

NUmber of ways =

No. of ways of distributing 6 distinct pencils among 2 students is

(18460)
A 10

B 15

C 64

D 25

As we have elarned

Rule for Division into Groups -

The number of ways in which 2n different things can be divided equally into two distinct groups is .

No. of ways of distributing 6 distinct pencils among 2 students

1st pencil can be distributed among 2 students is 2 ways

2nd pencil can be distributed among 2 students is 2 ways

3rd pencil can be distributed among 2 students is 2 ways

4rth pencil can be distributed among 2 students is 2 ways

5th pencil can be distributed among 2 students is 2 ways

6th pencil can be distributed among 2 students is 2 ways

Total = 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 = 64

Number of ways of dividing 9 students equally into 3 teams is

(18461)
A 70

B 140

C 210

D 280

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As we have learned

Rule for Division into Groups -

The number of ways in which 3P different things can be divided equally into three groups is .

NUmber of ways =

NUmber of ways in which 10 distinct pens can be divided equally into two parts is

(18462)
A 126

B 120

C 112

D 110

As we have learned

Rule for Division into Groups -

The number of ways in which mn different things can be divided equally into m groups is .

Number of ways =

Number of ways in which 9 guest can be accomodated into three rooms of hotel where each room can accomodate only three is

(18463)
A 1440

B 1680

C 1920

D 2140

As we have learned

Rule for Division into Groups -

The number of ways in which 3P different things can be divided eqully into three distinct groups is .

Number of ways =

22/30) Concept title DIVISION OF OBJECTS INTO GROUPING (when size of group is equal) (92402)

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Find the positive number of solutions of a+b+c = 6 such that a,b,c belongs to a positive integer.

Solution: Since zero is included, we have a ≥ 0, b ≥ 0, c ≥ 0

Let us write down the solution of a+b+c=6

Case 1: 0+0+6 it can be arranged in

Case 2: 0+1+5 it can be arranged in 3!

Case 3: 1+1+4 it can be arranged in

Case 4: 1+2+3 it can be arranged in 3!

Case 5: 0+2+4 it can be arranged in 3!

Case 6: 0+3+3 it can be arranged in

Case 7: 2+2+2 it can be arranged in

Total Number of the solution is 28

We can also conclude this result as,

Number of solutions is equivalent to the number of ways of distributing 6 things into 3 different groups, hence the total
number of solutions
Text

Description

Video

Book Mathematics for Joint Entrance Examination JEE (Advanced) : Algebra - Page no: 7.29, Line No: Last Line, Para:

ILLUSTRATION 7.113

Algebra (Arihant) - Page no: 388, Line No: 31, Para:

Example 83

Question
Then number of ways of distributing 8 identical balls in 3 distinct boxes so that none of the boxes is empty is

(5695)
A

B 21

C 5

As we learnt in

Theorem of Number of Solutions -

Number of non-negative integral solutions of the equation x1 + x2 + x3 +......... + xr=n is .

- wherein

Where

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Let the number of balls in 3 boxes be x, y, z.

Now

x+y+z=8

(x - 1) + (y - 1) + (z - 1) = 8 - 3

x' + y' + z' = 5

Positive integral solutions are =

Correct option is 2.

Number of positive integral solution for the equation a+b+c+d = 10 is

(18513)
A 84

B 120

C 720

D 1440

As we have learned

Theorem of Integral Solutions -

Number of positive integral solutions of equation x1 + x2 + x3 + ..........+ xr =n is .

- wherein

Where

Number of positive integral solution =

The total number of 3-digit numbers, whose sum of digits is 10, is _______.

(111809)
A 54

B 28

C 64

D 32

Let three-digit number is xyz

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The total number of positive integral solutions (x, y, z) such that xyz = 24 is:

(117067)
A 45

B 24

C 30

D 36

23/30) Concept title FINDING NUMBER OF SOLUTIONS OF EQUATIONS (92403)

Find the Natural number of solutions of a+b+c = 6 such that a,b,c belongs to a positive integer.

Solution: Since zero is included, we have a ≥ 1, b ≥ 1, c ≥ 1

Let us write down the solution of a+b+c=6

Case 1: 1+1+4 it can be arranged in

Case 2: 1+2+3 it can be arranged in 3!

Case 3: 2+2+2 it can be arranged in

Total Number of the solution is 10

We can also conclude this result as,

Number of solutions is equivalent to the number of ways of distributing 3 things into 3 different groups, hence the total
number of solutions
Text

Description

Video

Book Algebra (Arihant) - Page no: 388, Line No: 31, Para:

Example 83

Mathematics for Joint Entrance Examination JEE (Advanced) : Algebra - Page no: 7.29, Line No: Last Line, Para:

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ILLUSTRATION 7.113

Question
Then number of ways of distributing 8 identical balls in 3 distinct boxes so that none of the boxes is empty is

(5695)
A

B 21

C 5

As we learnt in

Theorem of Number of Solutions -

Number of non-negative integral solutions of the equation x1 + x2 + x3 +......... + xr=n is .

- wherein

Where

Let the number of balls in 3 boxes be x, y, z.

Now

x+y+z=8

(x - 1) + (y - 1) + (z - 1) = 8 - 3

x' + y' + z' = 5

Positive integral solutions are =

Correct option is 2.

Number of positive integral solution for the equation a+b+c+d = 10 is

(18513)
A 84

B 120

C 720

D 1440

As we have learned

Theorem of Integral Solutions -

Number of positive integral solutions of equation x1 + x2 + x3 + ..........+ xr =n is .

- wherein

Where

Number of positive integral solution =

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24/30) Concept title FINDING NUMBER OF SOLUTIONS OF EQUATIONS (Special Case) (92405)

suppose we have to arrange ‘n’ different objects into ‘r’ different groups, such that each group contains at least one or
more than one object. To do this suppose we arrange ‘n’ different objects in a row first, which can be done in n n! ways,
now after arranging them we need to add r-1 partition between them to make r group and we can choose those r-1 partitions
(spaces) from n-1 partitions (spaces) available, so the total number of ways of arranging n different things into r different
objects = .

Distribution of n different things into r different groups such that no group is empty:
Suppose we need to distribute 5 different hats in 3 different box such that no box is empty. To solve such type of question
we go with basic logic and basic use of permutation and combination

So we should first distribute 1 hat to each 3 boxes so that none of them remain empty. Now we will be left with 2 hats, those
2 hats can be distributed to 1 group forming group combination as 1 1 3 or 1-1 hat to 2 different groups giving the
combination 1 2 2. So in that way we will get two cases

Case I:

we can select 1 object from 5 objects for box B1 in ways and 1 from remaining 4 objects B2 in ways and 3 objects
from 3 objects for B3 in

And the ways objects can distribute in boxes (1 1 3) combination is ways.

So the total number of ways of distributing the box

Following the same logic for Case II,

Total number of possible ways of distribution

Hence total ways = 60+90 = 150.

Direct Formula:

Number of ways in which n different things can be distributed into r different group is

Example: In how many ways 7 different balls can be arranged in 3 different box such that no box is empty?

Solution: using the above concept directly =

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Book Mathematics Textbook for Class VII - Page no: , Line No: , Para:

Mathematics for Joint Entrance Examination JEE (Advanced) : Algebra - Page no: 7.26, Line No: 22, Para:

DIVISION

Algebra (Arihant) - Page no: 386, Line No: 1, Para:

Arrangement in groups

Question
In how many ways can 6 distinct hats be put in 4 distinct boxes such that no box is empty?

(96356)
A 4090

B 1560

C 620

D None of these

DISTRIBUTION OF DISTINCT OBJECTS INTO DISTINCT PLACES -

suppose we have to arrange ‘n’ different objects into ‘r’ different groups, such that each group contains at least one or more than one
object. To do this suppose we arrange ‘n’ different objects in a row first, which can be done in n n! ways, now after arranging them we
need to add r-1 partition between them to make r group and we can choose those r-1 partitions (spaces) from n-1 partitions (spaces)
available, so the total number of ways of arranging n different things into r different objects = .

Distribution of n different things into r different groups such that no group is empty:
Suppose we need to distribute 5 different hats in 3 different box such that no box is empty. To solve such type of question we go with
basic logic and basic use of permutation and combination

So we should first distribute 1 hat to each 3 boxes so that none of them remain empty. Now we will be left with 2 hats, those 2 hats
can be distributed to 1 group forming group combination as 1 1 3 or 1-1 hat to 2 different groups giving the combination 1 2 2. So in
that way we will get two cases

Case I:

we can select 1 object from 5 objects for box B1 in ways and 1 from remaining 4 objects B2 in ways and 3 objects from 3
objects for B3 in

And the ways objects can distribute in boxes (1 1 3) combination is ways.

So the total number of ways of distributing the box

Following the same logic for Case II,

Total number of possible ways of distribution

Hence total ways = 60+90 = 150.

Each box must contain atleast one hat. Boxes can have hats in the following systems
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g y

The number of ways in which hats can be put in system I :

total number of ways to distribute 1, 1, 1, 3 hats to the boxes:

The number of ways in which hats can be put in system II :

total number of ways to distribute 1, 1, 1, 3 hats to the boxes:

Total number of ways : 480+1080=1560

In how many ways can 5 different books can be tied up in 4 bundles?

(96359)
A 100

B 240

C 24

D 10

DISTRIBUTION OF DISTINCT OBJECTS INTO DISTINCT PLACES -

Direct Formula:

Number of ways in which n different things can be distributed into r different group is

The number of ways =

If 10 distinct balls are kept in 4 distinct boxes randomly, then what is the probability that two boxes have 2 and 3 balls?

(98072)
A

110114

DISTRIBUTION OF DISTINCT OBJECTS INTO DISTINCT PLACES -

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suppose we have to arrange ‘n’ different objects into ‘r’ different groups, such that each group contains at least one or more than one
object. To do this suppose we arrange ‘n’ different objects in a row first, which can be done in n n! ways, now after arranging them we
need to add r-1 partition between them to make r group and we can choose those r-1 partitions (spaces) from n-1 partitions (spaces)
available, so the total number of ways of arranging n different things into r different objects = .

Multiplication rule of probability for more than two events

If A, B and C are three events associated with sample space, then we have

P(A ∩ B ∩ C) = P(A) P(B|A) P(C|A ∩ B)

= P(A) P(B|A) P(C|AB)

Similarly, the multiplication rule of probability can be extended for four or more events.

Two boxes pick from 4 boxes is and can be arranged in 2! ways

is the total number of possible cases in which remaining two boxes contains balls

is total number of possible cases in which remaining four boxes contains balls

Required Probability=

Correct Option 2

25/30) Concept title DISTRIBUTION OF DISTINCT OBJECTS INTO DISTINCT PLACES (92406)

And those r-1 spaces can be selected from n-1 places in ways. And this will be our total ways of distribution as
objects are identical. In this distribution we are not leaving any group empty.

If empty groups are allowed then formula becomes .

Alternative:

This thing can also be comprehended as following

name the groups as a1,a2,...,ar, then distribute all objects among them, after distribution sum of objects in all group will
remain the same,

so it can be written as a1 + a2 + a3+...+ ar=n …(i)

Now if empty groups are allowed we need to find the whole number solution of the equation (i) other natural number
solution of equation (i).

Example: In how many ways can 8 Identical chocolate be distributed among 3 children, such that each student can get
any number and at least one?

Solution: using the above concept, we use direct formula for this, so we have

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Book Mathematics for Joint Entrance Examination JEE (Advanced) : Algebra - Page no: 7.26, Line No: 22, Para:

Algebra (Arihant) - Page no: 386, Line No: 1, Para:

Arrangement in Groups

Question
Statement-1 : The number of ways of distributing 10 identical balls in 4 distinct boxes such that no box is empty is

Statement-2 : The number of ways of choosing any 3 places from 9 different places is

(5941)
A Statement-1 is true, Statement-2 is false.

B Statement-1 is false, Statement-2 is true.

C Statement-1 is true, Statement-2 is true; Statement-2 is a correct explanation for Statement-1.

D Statement-1 is true, Statement-2 is true; Statement-2 is not a correct explanation for Statement-1.

DISTRIBUTION OF IDENTICAL OBJECTS INTO DISTINCT PLACES -

And those r-1 spaces can be selected from n-1 places in ways. And this will be our total ways of distribution as objects are identical.
In this distribution we are not leaving any group empty.

If empty groups are allowed then formula becomes .

Let 4 distinct boxes be x, y, z and w

x + y + z + w = 10,

ways =

Correct option is 4.

In how many ways can 8 identical chocolates be distributed among three children such that each can get any number of chocolates
(including zero)?

(96364)
A 68

B 24

C 45

D 21

DISTRIBUTION OF IDENTICAL OBJECTS INTO DISTINCT PLACES -

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This type of concept can be comprehended as placing all n identical objects to be distributed in a row then putting marks of
competition in selecting (r-1) spaces out n-1 available space as r-1 space will divide the whole object in r groups.
And those r-1 spaces can be selected from n-1 places in ways. And this will be our total ways of distribution as objects are identical.
In this distribution we are not leaving any group empty.

If empty groups are allowed then formula becomes .

8 identical chocolates be distributed among three children

n = 8, r = 3

total number of ways =

Three boys picked up 20 oranges. In how many ways can they divide oranges if all oranges are identical?

(96366)
A 1140

B 231

C 91

D 480

DISTRIBUTION OF IDENTICAL OBJECTS INTO DISTINCT PLACES -

And those r-1 spaces can be selected from n-1 places in ways. And this will be our total ways of distribution as objects are identical.
In this distribution we are not leaving any group empty.

If empty groups are allowed then formula becomes .

20 oranges can be distributed among 3 boys such that each boy can receive any number of oranges

Total number of ways

26/30) Concept title DISTRIBUTION OF IDENTICAL OBJECTS INTO DISTINCT PLACES (92407)

To understand this we continue with our previous example with little change, suppose we want to distribute 5 distinct hats
in 3 Identical boxes such that each box receives at least 1 hat, this question is exactly what our concept is about, so by
solving this we can understand our concept. So to do that we can distribute 3 hats to 1-1 each to all 3 groups, after that we
can place remaining 2 hats in one group or 1-1 to 2 groups

So we will have to situation

1st = 1 1 3, 2nd = 1 2 2 but remember groups are identical

Now these cases are similar to the division of groups where group sizes are given

So, according to 1st case, we can be distributed hats in

Similarly for 2nd case,

So the total number of ways of distribution

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Video

Book Mathematics for Joint Entrance Examination JEE (Advanced) : Algebra - Page no: 7.26, Line No: 22, Para:

Algebra (Arihant) - Page no: 386, Line No: 1, Para:

Arrangement in groups

Question
In how many ways a pack of 52 cards can be divided into four group of 13 cards each?

(96368)
A

D None of these

DISTRIBUTION OF DISTINCT OBJECTS INTO IDENTICAL PLACES -

To understand this we continue with our previous example with little change, suppose we want to distribute 5 distinct hats in 3
Identical boxes such that each box receives at least 1 hat, this question is exactly what our concept is about, so by solving this we
can understand our concept. So to do that we can distribute 3 hats to 1-1 each to all 3 groups, after that we can place remaining 2
hats in one group or 1-1 to 2 groups

So we will have to situation

1st = 1 1 3, 2nd = 1 2 2 but remember groups are identical

Now these cases are similar to the division of groups where group sizes are given

So, according to 1st case, we can be distributed hats in

Similarly for 2nd case,

So the total number of ways of distribution

Each group will get 13 cards. Now, the first group can be given 13 cards in ways.

the second group can be given 13 cards in ways (52 - 13 = 39 cards remaining)

the third group can be given 13 cards in ways (39 - 13 = 26 cards remaining)

the fourth group can be given 13 cards in ways (26 - 13 = 39 cards remaining)

toral number of ways =

(4 identical groups can be interchanged in 4! ways)

27/30) Concept title DISTRIBUTION OF DISTINCT OBJECTS INTO IDENTICAL PLACES (92410)

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In this type, it does not matter which object goes in which group as all objects are identical, the only thing that matters is
how many objects go into groups, and that means ordering or group does not matter

Example: In how many ways can 12 identical hats be put in 3 identical boxes such that each box has at least 2 hats?

Solution: First and foremost 2 hats should be put in each box (which two does not matter as all are identical) Now we are
left with 6 hats to be put in 3 identical boxes. As learned earlier, in the case of identical boxes, we have only concerned with
grouping the 6 hats in 3 “un-ordered” groups.

The hurdle is that the group sizes could be anything. Thus again we individually consider all case of grouping 6 hats into 3
groups, with groups being every possible size. The possibilities are {0, 0, 6}; {0, 1, 5}; {0, 2, 4}; {0, 3, 3}; {1, 1, 4}; {1, 2, 3}; {2,
2, 2} i.e. 7 possibilities.

The fortunate part is that we do not have to do anything further and 7 is our answer because each possible way of grouping
can be done in only 1 way. Why? Because all hats are identical, so “which hat is in which group” does not matter.

Thus, the answer is 7 ways.

Text

Description

Video

Book Mathematics for Joint Entrance Examination JEE (Advanced) : Algebra - Page no: 7.26, Line No: 22, Para:

Algebra (Arihant) - Page no: 386, Line No: 1, Para:

Arrangement in Groups

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Question
How many ways can 9 identical balls be placed in three identical boxes?

(97281)
A 12

B 36

C 72

D None of these

DISTRIBUTION OF IDENTICAL OBJECTS INTO IDENTICAL PLACES -

In this type, it does not matter which object goes in which group as all objects are identical, the only thing that matters is how many
objects go into groups, and that means ordering or group does not matter
-

Hence, we shall look into how many ways a sum of 9 can be achieved as a sum of three digits. Here are the patterns:-

1. 9 = 9 + 0 + 0
2. 9 = 8 +1 + 0 Here, 8 + 0 + 1 can not be considered as a separate pattern since its constituents 0, 1 and 8 are same; this is
because, the three boxes are non-distinguishable.
3. 9 = 7 + 2 + 0
4. 9 = 7 + 1 + 1
5. 9 = 6 + 3 + 0
6. 9 = 6 + 2 + 1
7. 9 = 5 + 4 + 0
8. 9 = 5 + 3 + 1
9. 9 = 5 + 2 + 2
10. 9 = 4 + 4 + 1
11. 9 = 4 + 3 + 2
12. 9 = 3 + 3 + 3

Now, all the above twelve patterns will have only one way of formation each, just the way it is - since, all the 9 balls are non-
distinguishable.

So, there are 12 ways available.

28/30) Concept title DISTRIBUTION OF IDENTICAL OBJECTS INTO IDENTICAL PLACES (92412)

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Any change in the order of things in a group is called derangements. In other words, if n things are not placed at the place
they are supposed to be placed then we say that ‘n’ things are deranged.

Standard Formula for n things which has to be placed at ‘n’ decided places but none of them are placed at those places is:

The standard formula for calculating D(n) (the number of ways of deranging ‘n’ objects):

GOLDEN TIP:

Substituting the value of ‘n’ as 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, we will get,

D(1)= 0

D(2)= 1

D(3)= 2

D(4)= 9

D(5)= 44

D(6)= 265

A quicker way to find out the total number of possible derangements is just to memorize the above values by heart and use
them instantly in the questions.

Example: in how many ways can you form a dancing couple from 3 boys and 3 girls so that no boy dances with his
respective girlfriend?

Solution: This is clearly a case of derangement of 3 boys and 3 girls.

The value can be interpreted as D(3) =2 ways

Text

Description

Video

Book Mathematics Textbook for Class VII - Page no: , Line No: , Para:

Algebra (Arihant) - Page no: 390, Line No: 16, Para:

Dearrangement

Mathematics for Joint Entrance Examination JEE (Advanced) : Algebra - Page no: 7.34, Line No: Last Line, Para:

Dearrangement

Question
Number of ways in which a matrix match arrangement of order 5*5 with one to one correspondence can be attempted wrongly , with
all matching done is

(18464)
A 41

B 42

C 43

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D 44

As we have learned

Dearrangements -

If n things are arranged in a row, the number of ways in which they can be dearranged. So that none of them occupies its original
place is .

Number of ways =

A person writes letters to five friends and addresses the corresponding envelopes. In how many ways can the letters be placed in the
envelopes such that at least any two of them are in the wrong envelope?

(96671)
A 719

B 119

C 24

D 20

DERANGEMENT -

Any change in the order of things in a group is called derangements. In other words, if n things are not placed at the place they are
supposed to be placed then we say that ‘n’ things are deranged.

Standard Formula for n things which has to be placed at ‘n’ decided places but none of them are placed at those places is:

The standard formula for calculating D(n) (the number of ways of deranging ‘n’ objects):

GOLDEN TIP:

Substituting the value of ‘n’ as 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, we will get,

D(1)= 0

D(2)= 1

D(3)= 2

D(4)= 9

D(5)= 44

D(6)= 265

A quicker way to find out the total number of possible derangements is just to memorize the above values by heart and use them
instantly in the questions.

The total number of ways of potting 5 letters into 5 envelopes is 5!

Number of ways to place all letters to correct envelopes is 1

Number of ways to place 1 letter in the wrong envelopes and other 4 into correct envelope = 0

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9/30/21, 11:39 AM Study content for JEE Main - Permutations and combinations | LMS

Hence, the number of ways in which atleast two letters goes in wrong envelopes is

5! - 1 - 0 = 119

In how many ways can 10 letters be placed in 10 addressed envelopes such that exactly 9 letters are in the correct envelope?

(96674)
A 1

B 10!-1

C 0

D None of these

DERANGEMENT -

Any change in the order of things in a group is called derangements. In other words, if n things are not placed at the place they are
supposed to be placed then we say that ‘n’ things are deranged.

Standard Formula for n things which has to be placed at ‘n’ decided places but none of them are placed at those places is:

The standard formula for calculating D(n) (the number of ways of deranging ‘n’ objects):

GOLDEN TIP:

Substituting the value of ‘n’ as 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, we will get,

D(1)= 0

D(2)= 1

D(3)= 2

D(4)= 9

D(5)= 44

D(6)= 265

A quicker way to find out the total number of possible derangements is just to memorize the above values by heart and use them
instantly in the questions.

It is not possible that exactly one letter goes to the wrong envelope.

29/30) Concept title DERANGEMENT (92414)

Permutations Vs Combinations

Always remember, in an arrangement, the order is always important. Whereas, in Combination, the order is not important.

Consider the following examples-

1. Selecting a team of 11 from 16 players - Selection

Drawing a batting line-up of 11 from 16 players - Arrangement

2. Selecting 3 students out of 10 students who will receive scholarships of the same value - Selection

S l ti 3 t d t t f 10 t d t h ill i h l hi fR 500 R 1000 dR 2000 A t

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Selecting 3 students out of 10 students who will receive scholarships of Rs. 500, Rs. 1000 and Rs. 2000 - Arrangement.
Text Permutations Vs Combinations

Always remember, in an arrangement, the order is always important. Whereas, in Combination, the order is not important.

Consider the following examples-

1. Selecting a team of 11 from 16 players - Selection

Drawing a batting line-up of 11 from 16 players - Arrangement

2. Selecting 3 students out of 10 students who will receive scholarships of the same value - Selection

Selecting 3 students out of 10 students who will receive scholarships of Rs. 500, Rs. 1000 and Rs. 2000 - Arrangement.
Text

Description

Video

Book Mathematics Textbook for Class VII - Page no: , Line No: , Para:

Question

30/30) Concept title PERMUTATION Vs COMBINATION (92413)

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