CSL EPC RFID Intelligent Fixed Reader Family

User’s Manual: CS463, CS203X

CS463 4 Port Reader

CS203X Integrated Reader

Version 2.1 2023 November 8

CSL: The One-Stop-Shop for RFID Solutions

 USER'S MANUAL, VERSION 2.1

1 Release Notes

Dates Release Description

2023 11 08 Version 2.1 Clarify package contents of

CS203X
2021 05 14 Version 2.0 Expand to all CSL intelligent
fixed reader
Update based on Web
Application 1.1.13
Update mounting design for
wood structure
Elaborate regulatory region
compliance chapter
Add chapter on historical
firmware versions
Add embedded Linux
software development
guidelines.
Add database usage
guidelines.
2019 09 05 Version 1.9 Add new features, including
CS108 Bluetooth API access
mode, Custom Embedded
RFID HTTP access mode,
etc. Introduce difference in
control for Linux 3.0.35 units
and Linux 4.xx.yy units
2019 04 12 Version 1.4 Add mounting of reader
guidelines in Section 5.3
2019 04 09 Version 1.3 Add example event to send
tag inventory to remote
server (e.g. Cloud Server)
2019 04 01 Version 1.2 Add descriptions on GPIO –
such as example circuits,
also the new data formatter
for configurable upload to

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Cloud server

2019 03 05 Version 1.0 First Release

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2 Content

1 RELEASE NOTES ......................................................................................... 2

2 CONTENT ................................................................................................... 4
3 REGULATORY REGIONS .............................................................................. 8
3.1 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................ 8
3.2 FCC STATEMENT AND IC STATEMENT ............................................................................. 9
3.3 EUROPEAN CE ....................................................................................................... 10
3.4 HONG KONG OFCA ................................................................................................ 10
3.5 AUSTRALIA AS ....................................................................................................... 11
3.6 NEW ZEALAND NZ .................................................................................................. 11

4 INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................... 12
4.1 CSL INTELLIGENT FIXED READER FAMILY ....................................................................... 12
4.2 CS463 4 PORT INTELLIGENT FIXED READER ................................................................... 13
4.3 CS203X INTELLIGENT INTEGRATED READER WITH 1 EXTERNAL PORT .................................... 15
4.4 PRODUCT PACKAGE ................................................................................................. 17
4.4.1 Basic Package Content ..................................................................................................... 17
4.5 PRODUCT SPECIFICATIONS ......................................................................................... 18
4.6 PRODUCT ACCESSORIES ............................................................................................ 20
4.7 HOW TO CONNECT TO AND CONTROL CSL INTELLIGENT FIXED READER.................................. 21
4.8 SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT KITS .................................................................................. 22

5 READER BASICS ....................................................................................... 23

5.1 BASIC HARDWARE................................................................................................... 23
5.1.1 CS463 Basic Hardware ..................................................................................................... 23
5.1.3 CS203X Basic Hardware ................................................................................................... 25
5.2 SET UP HARDWARE ................................................................................................. 28
5.2.1 Set up CS463..................................................................................................................... 28
5.2.2 Set up CS203X .................................................................................................................. 34
5.3 MOUNTING OF CSL INTELLIGENT FIXED READERS ............................................................ 39
5.4 OPERATING SYSTEMS AND VERSIONS ON CSL INTELLIGENT FIXED READERS ............................ 42
5.5 CONNECTING TO CSL INTELLIGENT FIXED READERS USING BROWSER .................................... 43
5.6 CONNECTING TO CSL INTELLIGENT FIXED READERS VIA DEBUG SERIAL PORT........................... 47
5.7 CONNECTING TO CSL INTELLIGENT FIXED READERS VIA SSH ............................................... 55
5.8 EMBEDDED LINUX APPLICATIONS DEVELOPMENT ............................................................ 58

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5.9 FILE TRANSFER TO AND FROM CS463 USING USB MEMORY DEVICE .................................... 59
5.10 CONNECTING TO HOST PC USING USB CLIENT PORT ........................................................ 67
5.11 CONNECT FROM USB HOST PORT USING USB COM DRIVER TO A USB CLIENT ....................... 75
5.12 CONNECTING FROM CONTROL SERIAL PORT TO RS232 CLIENT DEVICES ................................ 82
5.13 GPIO PORT AND ACCESSORIES FOR CONNECTION ........................................................... 87
5.14 CONNECTING TO BLUETOOTH DEVICES: E.G. SPEAKER ....................................................... 92
5.15 WIRESHARK LOGGING ON PC SERVER SIDE .................................................................. 108

6 GPIO PORTS CONNECTION GUIDE .......................................................... 111

6.1 GENERAL PURPOSE INPUT (GPI)............................................................................... 112
6.2 GENERAL PURPOSE OUTPUT (GPO) .......................................................................... 117

7 QUICK START ......................................................................................... 123

7.1 CS463 QUICK START ............................................................................................. 123
7.2 CS203X QUICK START ........................................................................................... 127

8 WEB BROWSER INTERFACE DETAILS ....................................................... 131

8.1 HOME PAGE ........................................................................................................ 131
8.2 STATUS .............................................................................................................. 132
8.3 USERS MANAGEMENT ........................................................................................... 134
8.3.1 Add User .......................................................................................................................... 135
8.3.2 Delete User ...................................................................................................................... 136
8.3.3 Modify Password.............................................................................................................. 137
8.3.4 List Users ......................................................................................................................... 138
8.3.5 Set Auto Logout Time ...................................................................................................... 139
8.3.6 Login/Logout .................................................................................................................... 140
8.4 SYSTEM .............................................................................................................. 141
8.4.1 Reader ID ......................................................................................................................... 142
8.4.2 Capture Point Name ........................................................................................................ 143
8.4.3 Access Mode ................................................................................................................... 144
8.4.4 Custom Embedded RFID application .............................................................................. 147
8.4.5 Frequency Configuration ................................................................................................. 148
8.4.6 Operation Profile .............................................................................................................. 150
8.4.7 Memory Information ......................................................................................................... 152
8.4.8 Configuration Backup/Restore ......................................................................................... 153
8.4.9 Power Up Notification ...................................................................................................... 156
8.4.10 Heartbeat ......................................................................................................................... 157
8.4.11 Log File Configuration ...................................................................................................... 159
8.4.12 Download Log file ............................................................................................................ 160

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8.4.13 Company Label ................................................................................................................ 161

8.4.15 Advanced Settings ........................................................................................................... 162
8.4.16 Scheduled Restart ........................................................................................................... 163
8.4.17 Restart System ................................................................................................................ 164
8.5 NETWORK MANAGEMENT ...................................................................................... 165
8.5.1 Ethernet Configuration ..................................................................................................... 167
8.5.2 Wi Fi Configuration .......................................................................................................... 168
8.5.3 Cloud Server Basic Settings ............................................................................................ 169
8.5.4 Cloud Server Data Formatter ........................................................................................... 178
8.6 TIME AND TIMER SETTING....................................................................................... 182
8.6.1 Date/Time......................................................................................................................... 183
8.6.2 Time Zone ........................................................................................................................ 184
8.6.3 NTP Setup ....................................................................................................................... 185
8.7 TAG & TAG FILTER ................................................................................................. 186
8.7.1 Tag Group ........................................................................................................................ 187
8.7.2 Tag Database ................................................................................................................... 192
8.7.3 Tag Filter .......................................................................................................................... 206
8.8 I/O MANAGEMENT............................................................................................... 210
8.8.1 I/O Port Testing .................................................................................................................211
8.9 EVENT MANAGEMENT ........................................................................................... 212
8.9.1 Event Management .......................................................................................................... 213
8.9.2 Trigger .............................................................................................................................. 220
8.9.3 Resultant Action ............................................................................................................... 227
8.9.4 Tag Inventory ................................................................................................................... 236
8.9.5 Display Tag Group/Database Record .............................................................................. 237
8.10 VERSION MANAGEMENT ........................................................................................ 239
8.11 FIRMWARE UPGRADE ............................................................................................ 240

9 READ TAG USING BROWSER INTERFACE AND EVENT ENGINE ................. 250
9.1 READ TAG USING DEFAULT PROFILE AND DEFAULT EVENT................................................. 250
9.2 READ TAG USING CUSTOM PROFILE AND CUSTOM EVENT ................................................ 254
9.3 EXAMPLE 1: EXAMPLE EVENT SEND TO CSL DEMO CLOUD SERVER .................................... 265
9.4 EXAMPLE 2: TRAFFIC CONTROL – MANAGEMENT OF TRAFFIC AT BUILDING ENTRANCE ............ 275
9.5 EXAMPLE 3: MULTIPLE ANTENNA PORTS WITH DIFFERENT EVENTS FOR EACH PORT ............... 283
9.6 EXAMPLE 4: EXAMPLE EVENT USING DATABASE TAG GROUP AND DATABASE DISPLAY ............. 286
9.7 EXAMPLE 5: READ MAGNUS S3 TAG TEMPERATURE ...................................................... 295

10 READ TAG USING CSL UNIFIED API ......................................................... 299

11 READ TAG USING LLRP V1.1 API ............................................................. 305

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12 READ TAG USING CS461 HIGH LEVEL API (CSL HTTP/XML API) ................ 315
13 READ TAG USING CS461 LOW LEVEL API (MACH1 API) ........................... 316
14 READ TAG USING CS108 BLUETOOTH API ............................................... 321
15 READ TAG USING CUSTOM EMBEDDED RFID.......................................... 329
16 DEMO SOURCE CODES FOR DOWNLOAD ............................................... 331
17 HISTORICAL FIRMWARE VERSIONS ........................................................ 332
APPENDIX A: FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION COMPLIANCE ..... 335
APPENDIX B: READER MODES (LINK PROFILES) ............................................ 336
APPENDIX C: SESSIONS ................................................................................ 337
APPENDIX D: TAG POPULATION AND Q ........................................................ 338
APPENDIX E: QUERY ALGORITHM ................................................................ 339
APPENDIX F: TARGET .................................................................................... 340
APPENDIX G: RECEIVER AMPLIFIER GAIN VALUES ......................................... 341
APPENDIX H: TAGFOCUS .............................................................................. 342
APPENDIX I: FASTID ...................................................................................... 343
APPENDIX J: SECURITY ................................................................................. 344
APPENDIX K: MODELS & REGULATORY REGION ............................................ 346
APPENDIX L: TECHNICAL SUPPORT ............................................................... 347

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3 Regulatory Regions

3.1 Introduction

The CSL Intelligent Fixed Reader family is offered as various regulatory region specific
models, using the format of CSXYZ-N where N is of various values, each covering one
regulatory region. Each regulatory region may apply to one or more countries.

For example, CS463-2 covers the regulatory region of FCC, which includes USA, Canada,
Mexico and other Latin America Countries that use the FCC frequency range.

The following is a model table with N as index, for CSXYZ-N, and the corresponding
frequency band and regulatory regions:

N=1: 865-868 MHz for Europe ETSI, Russia, Mid-East countries, Hong Kong
865-867 MHz for India
N=2: 902-928 MHz, FCC, for USA, Canada and Mexico. Hopping frequencies locked
N=2 AS: 920-926 MHz, Australia. Hopping frequencies locked
N=2 NZ: 921.5-928 MHz, New Zealand. Hopping frequencies locked
N=2 OFCA: 920-925 MHz, Hong Kong. Hopping frequencies locked
N=2 RW: 920-928 MHz, Rest of the World, e.g. Philippines, Brazil, Peru, Uruguay, and
any other countries that use sub or partial sections of the FCC frequency range
N=4: 922-928 MHz, Taiwan
N=6: 917-920.8 MHz, South Korea
N=7: 920-925 MHz, China
N=8: 916.7-920.9 MHz, Japan
N=9: 915-921 MHz, Europe Upper Band

Note that you MUST follow each country’s emission regulation and use the appropriate
regulatory region model. For example, in USA you can only use N = “2”. In Hong
Kong you can only use N = “2 OFCA” or N= “1”. In Australia you can only use N = “2
AS”. etc.

Some regulatory regions require the User Manual to contain some declaration statement. The
following sections are those statements.

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3.2 FCC Statement and IC Statement

FCC STATEMENT

1. This device complies with Part 15 of the FCC Rules. Operation is subject to the following two

conditions:

(1) This device may not cause harmful interference.

(2) This device must accept any interference received, including interference that may cause

undesired operation.

2. Changes or modifications not expressly approved by the party responsible for compliance could

void the user's authority to operate the equipment.

NOTE: This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital device,
pursuant to part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection
against harmful interference in a residential installation.

This equipment generates uses and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in
accordance with the instructions, may cause harmful interference to radio communications. However,
there is no guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular installation. If this equipment does
cause harmful interference to radio or television reception, which can be determined by turning the
equipment off and on, the user is encouraged to try to correct the interference by one or more of the
following measures:

- Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna.

- Increase the separation between the equipment and receiver.

-Connect the equipment into an outlet on a circuit different from that to which the receiver is connected.

-Consult the dealer or an experienced radio/TV technician for help

IC STATEMENT

IC Notice to Canadian Users

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This device complies with industry Canada license-exempt RSS standard(s). Operation is subject to the

following two conditions:

(1) This device may not cause harmful interference

(2) This device must accept any interference received, including interference that may cause undesired

operation of the device.

This device complies with RSS-247 of industry Canada. Operation is subject to the condition that this

device does not cause harmful interference.

This Class B digital apparatus complies with Canadian ICES-003(Cet appareil numérique de classe B

est conforme à la norme NMB-003 du Canada).

This equipment complies with IC radiation exposure limits set forth for an uncontrolled environment. This

equipment should be installed and operated with minimum distance of 5mm between the radiator and

your body. This transmitter must not be co-located or operating in conjunction with any other antenna or

transmitter.

3.3 European CE

In Europe, there are 2 frequency bands allocated to RFID operation:

1. 865-868 MHz band with 4 frequency channels
2. 915-921 MHz band with 3 frequency channels

3.4 Hong Kong OFCA

Hong Kong Government requires the frequency of operation to be limited to within one of the
following 2 frequency bands
1. 920 - 925 MHz, hopping frequency channels, follow USA FCC Part 15 regulation
2. 865 – 868 MHz, fixed frequency channels, follow the European CE RFID regulation in
this band

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3.5 Australia AS

Australia Government requires the frequency of operation to be limited to within the frequency
band allocated: 920-926 MHz.

3.6 New Zealand NZ

New Zealand Government requires the frequency of operation to be limited to within the
frequency band allocated: 921.5-928 MHz.

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4 Introduction

4.1 CSL Intelligent Fixed Reader Family

The CSL Intelligent Fixed Reader Family consists of many members, some with Wi Fi and
Bluetooth connectivity, and some without. Some are IP68 and MIL-STD-810F ruggedized,
some are not. The following is a product matrix differentiating them:

Model # RFID Ethernet Wi Fi / IP Rating Ruggedized

Antenna Bluetooth MIL-STD-810F
Ports

CS463 4 external Yes Yes None No

antenna ports

CS203X 2: Yes No IP68 Yes

1 internal
(embedded)
integrated
antenna,

1 external
antenna port

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4.2 CS463 4 Port Intelligent Fixed Reader

The CS463 RFID 4-port fixed reader is an intelligent reader designed to work standalone in an
autonomous manner. An intelligent Event Engine is embedded with configurable complex
logic sequence, triggers and resultant actions that are automatically activated on power up.
The settings can be saved and further deployed to as many readers, as many sites as you want,
thus providing easy scalability for the system integrators.

CS463 has the following connectivity: Ethernet, Wi Fi (2.4 GHz b/g/n), Bluetooth 4.0, RS232,
and USB.

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The photo below shows a typical connection during operation of CS463 4-port fixed reader

Note: Use only the Power Adaptor Unit included in the package.

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4.3 CS203X Intelligent Integrated Reader with 1

External Port

The CS203X RFID Integrated fixed reader is an intelligent reader designed to work standalone
in an autonomous manner. An intelligent Event Engine is embedded with configurable
complex logic sequence, triggers and resultant actions that are automatically activated on
power up. The settings can be saved and further deployed to as many readers, as many sites
as you want, thus providing easy scalability for the system integrators. CS203X integrated
reader has 1 embedded antenna, plus 1 RF port that connects to an external antenna.

CS203X has the following connectivity: Ethernet.

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The photo below shows a typical connection during operation of CS203X Integrated fixed
reader

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4.4 Product Package

4.4.1 Basic Package Content

The reader package of CS463 contains:

1. CS463: 4 Port Intelligent RFID Reader

2. CS463WIFIANT: Dipole Antenna for Wi Fi and Bluetooth, Quantity=2
3. CS463ADAPTER: AC Adapter, 12 VDC, 5A, 60 Watt Energy Level VI
4. Country Specific Power Cord: Power Cord for Specific Country Model
5. CS463HD15ADAPTER: HD-15 to Wiretap Terminal Adapter
6. CS463GPIOCABLE: GPIO Cable for CS463
7. CS463QSG: Quick Start Guide
8. CS463RG Regulatory Guide

The reader package of CS203X contains:

1. CS203X: Integrated Intelligent RFID Reader / 1 external antenna port

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4.5 Product Specifications

CS463 4 Port Reader

CS203X Integrated Reader

Features:

 ISO 18000-6C and EPCglobal Class 1 Gen 2 UHF RFID protocol compliant including
dense reader mode
 Ultra-long read range – peak at more than 20 meters for Monza R6 Dogbone tag with
CS771S antenna
 Sophisticated data handling for efficient management of large streams of tag data.
 Highly configurable buffering and tag filtering modes to eliminate the redundant tag data
so as to reduce LAN traffic and server loading
 Robust performance in dense-reader environments
 Excellent in transmit and receive mode – generates a different combination of unique
reader-to-tag command rate, tag-to-reader backscatter rate, modulation format, and
backscatter type
 Configurable parameters offer maximum throughput and optimal performance
 Supports all Gen 2 commands, including inventory, read, write, lock and kill

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Specifications:

Physical Characteristics: Length: 272 cm; Width: 152 cm; Height: 24 cm;
Weight: 720 grams

Environment: Operating Temp: -200C to 500C

Storage Temp: -400C to 850C
Humidity: 5% to 95% non-condensing

Antenna: External antenna with a RP-SMA Plug connector

RF Power: 32.5 dBm at antenna port for CS463 and CS203X.

30 dBm at antenna port for CS468XJ

RFID Frequency Ranges: Various bands as designated by suffix.

Connectivity All - Ethernet , RS232 Debug Serial Port*

CS463 only - RS232 Control Serial Port**, USB

Host Port, USB Client Port, Wi Fi 802.11b/g/n ,
Bluetooth

Accessories: GPIO cable, HD-15 to Wiretap Terminal Adapter

Order Code: Various bands as defined by suffix

Restrictions on Use: Approvals, features and parameters may vary
depending on country legislation and may change
without notice

*RS232 Debug Serial Port is the standard Linux boot up port, it displays all the Linux
messages, and you can access Linux OS and file system on this port using standard terminal
programs such as HyperTerminal, Putty, etc.

**RS232 Control Serial Port is the serial port that you can use to connect to other devices,
sensors and systems that have RS232 connectivity. This port is meant to be used by software
programs embedded into CS463.

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4.6 Product Accessories

CSL Intelligent Fixed Reader comes with a HD-15 to wiretap terminal adapter accessory.
This enables you to connect wires to the HD-15 GPIO socket conveniently.

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4.7 How to Connect to and Control CSL Intelligent

Fixed Reader

One can connect to CSL Intelligent Fixed reader via Ethernet, RS232, Wi Fi, USB and GPIO
interface, depending on which particular model.

One can control CSL Intelligent Fixed Reader in the following 7 ways:

1) Use the browser interface and the built-in event engine to configure CS463 to run
autonomously based on certain logic sequence.
2) Use LLRP V1.1 API to control the reader.
3) Use CSL Unified API to control the reader
4) Use CS461 Low Level API (MACH 1 API) to control the reader
5) Use CS461 High Level API (HTTP/XML API) to control the reader
6) Use CS108 Bluetooth API to control the reader
7) Write embedded program in the Linux OS inside directly to control the reader.

To switch among 1) to 7), just go to the browser interface, System/Access Mode page, and then
choose the Access Mode, as shown below:

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4.8 Software Development Kits

Software development kits are available for the following on CSL website:

1) LLRP API
2) CSL Unified API
3) CS461 Low Level API (Mach1 API)
4) CS461 High Level API (HTTP/XML API)
5) CS108 Bluetooth API
6) Custom Embedded RFID: sample codes in /opt

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5 Reader Basics

5.1 Basic Hardware

5.1.1 CS463 Basic Hardware

The CS463 RFID Reader is an EPCglobal Class 1 Gen 2 4 Port reader product.

Below is the top view of the CS463 4-port reader. There are LEDs to indicate the operating
status
1. Power
2. Activity (programmable LED)
3. Active antenna port currently selected (Port 1, 2, 3,4)

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Below is the front side, left side and back side views of the CS463 reader.

USB Host USB Client

Serial RS232 GPIO Port BT Antenna port Four RFID Antenna Ports
Debug Port 15 pin Port 1, 2, 3,4

Ethernet Port, POE+ Serial RS232

DC+12V, 5A
LED - Green Control Port
LED - Yellow

Wi Fi Antenna port

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5.1.3 CS203X Basic Hardware

The CS203X RFID Reader is an EPCglobal Class 1 Gen 2 4 Port reader product.

Below is the front and side view of the CS203X Integrated reader. There are LEDs to indicate
the operating status
1. Power
2. Activity (programmable LED)
3. Active antenna port currently selected (Port 3,4) Port 3 is external antenna port.
Port 4 is internal embedded antenna.
4. Ethernet link and Ethernet data LED

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Below is the front, back, bottom and left side views of the CS203X reader .

RJ45 ethernet External Antenna Ports

DC Adaptor Debug com port
Jack General IO Port 3
DC+12V, 5A

Internal antenna
in this side

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Mounting screws

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5.2 Set up Hardware

5.2.1 Set up CS463

1) AC Adaptor Unit

CS463 4-port reader can be powered up with the AC adaptor unit included in the package.
Below photo shows the typical connection to use the AC adaptor. The AC adapter
connects to CS463 via a “Locking” plug DC power plug. Please screw tight the lock on
the DC power plug to ensure reliable power connection. That way the DC power plug
would not loosen up over time.

With power connected, the Power LED should light up immediately.

Plug in AC adapter,

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When using AC adaptor, please remember to screw tight as shown below:

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2) PoE+

CS463 also supports the use of Power over Ethernet (PoE+) to give it power. Below shows
the typical connection of using PoE+ as the power supply to the CS463 4-port reader.
Note that it must be POE Plus (POE+) for it to give enough power to CS463. Make sure
you use 30 Watt POE+ port to ensure CS463 receive enough power to operate.

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3) RFID Antenna Connection

Connect RFID antenna with wrench (8mm torque with 100 N-cm) to reader
(CS463 has 4 available RFID antenna ports from Port 1 to Port 4)

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4) Wi Fi and Bluetooth Antenna (only for CS463 reader)

Connect two Wi Fi/BT antennas to reader as below

WiFi
antenna

BT
antenna

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5) Ethernet Cable

Connect Ethernet cable to reader as below

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5.2.2 Set up CS203X

1) AC Adaptor Unit

CS203X reader can be powered up with the AC adaptor unit included in the package.
Below photo shows the typical connection to use the AC adaptor. The AC adapter
connects to CS203X via a plug DC power plug. Please screw tight the lock on the DC
power plug to ensure reliable power connection. That way the DC power plug would not
loosen up over time.

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With power connected, the Power LED should light up immediately.

Plug in AC adapter,

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When using AC adaptor, please remember to screw tight as shown below:

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2) PoE+

CS203X also supports the use of Power over Ethernet (PoE+) to give it power. Below
shows the typical connection of using PoE+ as the power supply to the CS203X reader.
Note that it must be POE Plus (POE+) for it to give enough power to CS203X. Make sure
you use 30 Watt POE+ port to ensure CS203X receive enough power to operate.

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3) RFID Internal and External Antenna Connection

There is one internal RFID antenna connected to antenna ports Port 4 internally.
Connect RFID antenna with wrench (8mm torque with 100 N-cm) to reader
(CS203X has one available RFID external antenna ports Port 3)

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5.3 Mounting of CSL Intelligent Fixed Readers

Reader should be mounted in different ways depending on the surface on which the reader is
installed:
1) Reader is installed on metal surface
2) Reader is installed on non-metal surface

Installation method on large metal surface

Reader can be installed directly

on metal surface, no spacer
needed: heat can directly enter
metal surface and dissipate
away.

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Installation method on non-metal surface, such as wood surface: The reader should be
mounted leaving some space between the bottom of the reader and the surface. This will
allow ventilation of air underneath the reader.

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Installation method on metal poles:

The standard C-Clamp for pole mounting will fit the screw holes at the back of CS203X:

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5.4 Operating Systems and Versions on CSL

Intelligent Fixed Readers

There are 2 Linux OS versions: 3.0.35 or 4.x.x. For units shipped before September 2019, the
OS is Linux 3.0.35. After September 2019, the OS is 4.xx.yy or beyond. Some of the
firmware has different versions per the OS version. Please note this variation.

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5.5 Connecting to CSL Intelligent Fixed Readers

using Browser
All CSL Intelligent Fixed Readers are set to Ethernet Static IP of 192.168.25.160 ex-factory.
Wi Fi is disabled ex-factory. This is to simplify out-of-box experience.

Set your PC to a static IP of 192.168.25.100 (or any other as long as the subnet is 25)

Connect Ethernet cable from your PC to the reader directly, or via an Ethernet switch.

Power up the reader, wait 2.5 minutes.

Open browser on your PC, and type in 192.168.25.160.

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You will then see a User Login page.

Key in User Name: root, Password: csl then click Login to login to system

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You will then see a Status page:

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Default Access Mode ex-factory is HTTP/XML.

Change the Access Mode if reader not in HTTP/XML mode

 In order to read and show RFID tags in Web page, please change the Access Mode to
“HTTP/XML “ as shown below in System page.
 Please click “Set” to confirm the change.

To control CS463 reader now using the browser interface, please go to Chapter 5.

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5.6 Connecting to CSL Intelligent Fixed Readers

via Debug Serial Port

For a Linux device, Debug Serial Port is a popular interface to monitor the boot up and also
type in commands.

On the PC side, one needs to run a terminal application. In this user manual, the application
PuTTY is used to review the CS463 operation in Linux OS level.

(a) Hardware connection

You need to connect your PC to the Debug Serial Port. If your PC has serial port, you can
connect directly. If your PC does not have a serial port, you can use a USB to Serial
adapter.

Please use a USB-to-Serial cable to connect the CS463 debug port to the USB port of PC

Laptop/PC

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(b) Check the COM port number that corresponds to the USB to Serial Adapter

Check it out from the device manager of your PC

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(c) Setup a Baud Rate = 115,200 connection to the appropriate serial port

Below show the set up page of the PuTTy .

3. Enter baud rate

2. Enter the COM 115200
port no.

1. Select “Serial”

4. Select “Serial”

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After clicking “Serial” in step 4 in above diagram, the window will change to as below, please
select “None” for the “Flow control” option. Then click “Open” to confirm the connection

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Now PuTTy is ready for CS463 to power up.

Below diagram shows the display at the end of CS463 Linux boot up and embedded processes
boot up. There is a prompt for login and password.

The login should be root

The password should be csl (for older shipment units the password was cs463. Try that if
csl does not work)

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(d) Linux commands examples

 ifconfig
The purpose of “ifconfig” command is to show the relevant network information

Ethernet IP Address Ethernet MAC Address

WIFI IP Address
WIFI MAC Address

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 top
The key purpose of “top” command is to show user how many process being execute and
the occupancy of CPU percentage.

To escape, type Control C.

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 lsmod
The purpose of “lsmod” command is to list out how many modules in operation as shown
below. Note that rtk_btusb is the Bluetooth driver. 8723du is the Wi Fi driver.

 lsusb
The purpose of “lsusb” command is to list out how many USB devices are connected to
the system.

RFID device WIFI device

External USB memory device at HOST port

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5.7 Connecting to CSL Intelligent Fixed Readers

via SSH
Another popular way to connect to a Linux device is via SSH.

You can also use the application PuTTY, but choose SSH on the front page:

Start Putty, select SSH on Connection Type and type in IP address of CS463, then click Open

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For some older units, you should type in

Login name = linaro
Password = linaro

For later versions, you should type in

Login name = root
Password = csl (if csl does not work, try cs463)

Input login name “linaro”

Input password “linaro”

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5.8 Embedded Linux Applications Development

Using the Debug Serial Port or using SSH, one can now develop embedded Linux codes inside
CS463 in the usual Linux development manner.

The Linux OS inside CS463 is Yocto Linux.

For popular open source software, one can use the command “dnf” to download popular
precompiled binaries (dnf is similar to apt-get) by following the steps below:

Step 1: type the command “dnf --refresh makecache” (beware of the double dash) to refresh
the directory of available precompiled binaries

Step 2: type the command “dnf list” to list the available precompiled binaries in long name
format.

Step 3: type the command “dnf list | grep <keyword of the application you want>” to narrow
your search to those in long name format.

Step 4: type the command “dnf install <long name of the application as obtained from Step 3>”

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5.9 File Transfer to and from CS463 using USB

Memory Device

File Transfer to and from CS463 using USB Memory Device

First of all, we need to connect to the Linux OS via the Debug Serial Port.

Plug in “serial to USB” adapter to debug port

Plug USB side of adapter to PC USB port

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Check COM port number

Check it out from the device manager of your PC

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Setup connection
Below show the set up page of the PuTTy .

2. Enter the COM 3. Enter baudrate

port no found on 115200
above.

2. Select “Serial”

4. Select “Serial”

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After clicking “Serial” in step 4 in above diagram, the window will change to as below, please
select “None” for the “Flow control” option. Then click “Open” to confirm the connection

Now PuTTy is ready for CS463

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Use Linux command lsusb to list all USB device in CS463

Plug in USB memory device to the CS463 USB Host port

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After plug in USB memory, “lsusb” command to show one more USB device appearing

At this point, the way to get to the files in the USB memory finger is different for Linux 3.0.35
and Linux 4.xx.yy:

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For Linux 3.0.35

Go to “media” sub-directory to check volume label of USB memory as below

Here, for example, it shows there is a USB with name USB_HKCHAN. To access files inside,
just type “cd USB_HKCHAN” and you will see all the files inside.

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For Linux 4.xx.yy

The files are in the path: “/run/media/sda1”

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5.10 Connecting to Host PC using USB Client Port

First of all, we need to connect to the Linux OS via the debug serial port.

Plug in “serial to USB” adapter to debug port

Plug USB side of adapter to PC USB port

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Check COM port number

Check it out from the device manager of your PC

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Setup connection

Below show the set up page of the PuTTy .

2. Enter the COM 3. Enter baudrate

port no found on 115200
above.

3. Select “Serial”

4. Select “Serial”

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After clicking “Serial” in above step the window will change to as below, please select “None”
for the “Flow control” option. Then click “Open” to confirm the connection

Now PuTTy is ready for CS463

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Use a mini-USB to USB Type A cable to connect between CS463 USB Console port and the
PC USB port

At this point, to connect to a PC and let the PC “sees” the CS463 as a hard disk is different for
Linux 3.0.35 and Linux 4.xx.yy:

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For Linux 3.0.35

Type the following Linux commands on PuTTY window one by one

1. cd ..
2. cd opt
3. ./usb_client_store_start

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Use window explorer to check whether one more drive appear on PC

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For Linux 4.xx.yy

Type the following Linux commands on PuTTY window one by one

1. cd /opt
2. ./usbcdisk_start

After that you can use the File Explorer on the Windows PC to check if it discovers a new hard
disk.

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5.11 Connect from USB Host Port using USB Com

Driver to a USB Client

Arduino UNO board is used as an example to echo back the received message from USB Com
driver

Setup the reader as below

12V DC Adaptor

Laptop
CS463
Fixed IP : LAN cable
192.168.25.102
Default fix IP : 192.168.25.160

Debug Port Host USB

USB-to-Serial cable 1

COM4

Arduino

UNO

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Step 1: Download the Arduino program into Arduino UNO board.

(i) Setup the Arduino environment. It can download the from below URL

https://www.arduino.cc/en/Main/Software

(ii) After unzip, and then go into the directory to execute the Application (circled
in below figure)

(iii) Below is the default page of Arduino IDE

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(iv) Connect the Arduino UNO board to your laptop with USB cable
(v) Check the COM port number for the Arduino dongle from device manager

(vi) Select the correct COM port in Arduino IDE

Main menu : Tool  Port

(vii) Select the correct Board type

Main menu : Tool  Board

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(viii) Download the SerialEchoBack from CSL Web site and Read the Download
program “SerialEchoBack.ino” into Arduino IDE
Main menu: File  Open

Program Code :

(ix) Upload the program code to Arduino board

Press the “Arrow” icon to start the upload, if successful, the left bottom corner
will show the complete message

Step 2: Ensure the hardware setup mentioned in beginning of this section was done

Step 3: Boot up the CS463

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Step 4: Open PuTTy window for debug port according to below settings on Laptop

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Step 5: After boot up finished, plug in the Arduino dongle to CS463 host USB port

Step 6: Input below command to check the connectivity of Arduino device on laptop command
prompt for CS463 debug port.
Command: ls /dev/ttyUSB*

it will show as below root@imx6dlsabresd:/#

/dev/ttyUSB0 root@imx6dlsabresd:/#
root@imx6dlsabresd:/# ls /dev/ttyUSB*
/dev/ttyUSB0
root@imx6dlsabresd:/#

Step 7: Open the serial terminal for Arduino with below command

Command: minicom -D /dev/ttyUSB0 –s

Select the “Serial Port Set the “Hardware Flow Control” to No

setup”

After the setting, return to main menu by pressing {ESC} twice.

Step 8: Perform the “serial echo back”

In the “minicom” menu, please type in 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9, and then 0 one-by-one. You
should observe that “1234567890” digits are displayed in the display as shown below

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Step 8 : Exit “minicom” program

After the 2-way communication in step 4, follow below procedure to exit “minicom”

Press CTRL-A , it will show up the command menu

Press Q will pop up exit menu

Return to root directory after pressing “Yes” to

exit “mincom”

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5.12 Connecting from Control Serial Port to RS232

Client Devices
Following section show how to send and receive data from CS463 Control Serial port

Set up the connection as below. Connect two USB-to-Serial cables between PC and the CS463.
In below demonstration, the corresponding COM ports shown in device manager are 4 and 6
respectively.

CS463

Laptop Default fix IP : 192.168.25.160

LAN cable
Fixed IP :
192.168.25.100 USB-to-Serial cable 2
COM6 Control Serial Port

Debug Port

COM4

USB-to-Serial cable 1

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Step 2: Open PuTTy window for debug port according to below settings

Click Open to open the com port 4 which connected with CS463 debug port, below
window will pop up

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Step 3 : Open PuTTY window for “Control Serial “ port according to below settings

Click Open to open the com port 6 which connected with CS463 debug port, below
window will pop up

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Step 4: Power up the CS463

Follow below procedure to start the “minicom” serial port communication in debug port, so all
data going to or form Control Port can be monitored in Debug port command prompt

Please select “Serial port

setup”

After boot-up, type in command

minicom –D /dev/ttymxc1 -s

Please select “No” by pressing F,

Remarks: Black arrow means to add space and then press “ESC” button two
Please aware the use of capital/small characters
time to exit !

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When you typing message, e.g.

“ This message is typing from

debug port” , it will be shown in

COM6 (Control Serial window)

When you typing

message, e.g. “This is

another message typing

from serial console

Please select “No”, and then press
port”, it will be shown “ESC” button two time to exist !
Step 5 : Exit “minicom” program
in COM4 (Debug port
After the 2-way communication in step 4, follow below procedure to exit “minicom”
window)

Press Q will pop up exit menu

Press CTRL-A , it will show up the command menu

Return to root directory after pressing “Yes” to

exit “mincom”

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5.13 GPIO Port and Accessories for Connection

CS463 has 4 General Purpose Inputs and 4 General Purpose Outputs, all of them optically
isolated, and also an isolated 12 Volt DC output power supply with a rating of 2 Watt.

Below figure shows the pin definition for the GPIO port.
GPI : General Purpose Input
GPO : General Purpose Output

GPO3/GPO4(-)
GPO3(+)

GPO4(+)

GPI3(+)

GPI4(+)
GPO1(+)

GPO2(+)

GPI1(+)

GPI2(+)
+12V
+12VGND

GPI1/GPI3(-)
GPO1(-)

GPO2(-)

GPI2/GPI4(-)

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Of the 4 GPOs, two of them are fully isolated with independent (+) and (-) terminals: GPO1
and GPO2. Two of them share a common (-) terminal: GPO3 and GPO4.

Of the 4 GPIs, GPI1 and GPI3 share the same (-) terminal, and GPI2 and GPI4 share the same
(-) terminal.

The 12 Volt output is fully isolated, with terminals +12V and +12VGND.

In summary, the following is the application table for system integrators (common pins are
highlighted in specific colors for reminder):

Function Terminal Terminal Isolated? Initial State

and Pin of and Pin of on Power Up
(+) (-)
Output GPO1 GPO1(+), GPO1(-), Full Isolation NO (Normal
Pin 4 Pin 14 Open)
GPO2 GPO2(+), GPO2(-), Full Isolation NO
Pin 3 Pin 13
GPO3 GPO3(+), GPO3(-), (-) Pin common NO
Pin 10 Pin 8 with GPO4(-)
GPO4 GPO4(+), GPO4(-), (-) Pin common NO
Pin 9 Pin 8 with GPO3(-)
Input GPI1 GPI1(+) GPI1(-) (-) Pin common
Pin 2 Pin 12 with GPI3(-)
GPI2 GPI2(+) GPI2(-) (-) Pin common
Pin 1 Pin 11 with GPI4(-)
GPI3 GPI3(+) GPI3(-) (-) Pin common
Pin 7 Pin 12 with GPI1(-)
GPI4 GPI4(+) GPI4(-) (-) Pin common
Pin 6 Pin 11 with GPI2(-)
Power Supply +12V +12V +12VGND Full Isolation
Pin 5 Pin 15

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There are 2 accessories that come with the GPIO port operation:

1) HD15 to Wiretap Terminal Adapter

2) HD15 with pigtailed GPIO Cable

When using the HD15 to Wiretap Terminal Adapter, the Pin #s are actually printed to the
outside of the terminal, as shown in below photo. Here the functions are labeled for easy
reference.

Pin 3: GPO2(+) Pin 1: GPI2(+)

Pin 8: GPO3/4(-) Pin 6: GPI4(+)

Pin 14: GPO1(-) Pin 2: GPI1(+)

Pin 13: GPO2(-) Pin 7: GPI3(+)

Pin 4: GPO1(+) Pin 9: GPO4(+)
Pin 5: +12V Pin 10: GPO3(+)

Pin 15: +12VGND Pin 11: GPI2/4(-)

Casing Ground Pin 12: GPI1/3(-)

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HD15 with pigtailed GPIO cable:

Black
Red Blue
Pink
Orange
Brown

White

Gray
Brown / White
Green
Violet
Blue / White
Green / White
Yellow / White
Yellow

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Following is the application table for system integrators (common pins are highlighted in
specific colors for reminder):

GPIO cable for CS463 (DE-15 plug)

Pin Name
Pigtail Wire
Pin Number
Color

+12V 5 Red
GND 15 Black
GPO_1 (+) 4 Yellow
GPO_1 (-) 14 Yellow/White
GPO_2 (+) 3 Blue
GPO_2 (-) 13 Blue/White
GPO_3 (+) 10 Violet
GPO_3/4 (-) 8 Pink
GPO_4 (+) 9 Orange
GPO_3/4 (-) 8 Pink

GPI_1 (+) 2 Green

GPI_1/3 (-) 12 Green/White
GPI_2 (+) 1 Brown
GPI_2/4 (-) 11 Brown/White
GPI_ 3(+) 7 Gray
GPI_1/3 (-) 12 Green/White
GPI_4 (+) 6 White
GPI_2/4 (-) 11 Brown/White

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5.14 Connecting to Bluetooth Devices: e.g. Speaker

Below section show how Bluetooth speaker is used to connect to CS463.

Please note the connection method with Linux 3.0.35 is different from Linux 4.x.x.

For Linux 3.0.35

Bluetooth connection method with Linux 3.0.35

Step 1: Setup the reader as below:

WiFi Antenna
Laptop
LAN cable CS463-2 (Finished Good)
Fixed IP :
Default fix IP : 192.168.25.160
192.168.25.100

Debug Port
USB-to-Serial cable
Fig 14
Bluetooth Antenna

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Step 2: Using VNC Viewer to connect to CS463 through ethernet as shown below.

Step 3: Within the Ubuntu main menu, click the setup icon to enter “System Settings”

New Pop-up “ System

Settings” menu

Step 4: Click the “Bluetooth” icon to open the Bluetooth Activity

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Step 5: After clicking the “Bluetooth” icon, below window will pop up.
Please click the “+” icon.

By default, it is “ON” for normal shipment, it

means that Bluetooth interface is enabled

Step 6: After clicking the “+” icon, below window will pop up. Please press “Continue” to
proceed.

Step 7: After pressing the “Continue” icon, please power up your Bluetooth Speaker device and
force it into “Pairing “ mode. After some time, the Bluetooth Speaker, namely “DOSS
Pie” is shown in below Figure in this example. (Please note that your device should
have different name other than this one).
Normally, the bluetooth
device name is on the chassis
or label

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Step 8: Please use the cursor to select (become highlighted after selection). Then press
“Continue” to proceed

This message indicates that the

Bluetooth Speaker is successfully
paired

Step 9: After pairing the Bluetooth Speaker device, please go back to “System Settings” menu.
Please select the “Sound” icon.

Step 10: After entered the “Sound” menu, please click the alert sound “Bark” twice (or any
other alert sound). You will hear the corresponding sound from the Bluetooth Speaker.

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Step 11: After successfully generating the sound from Bluetooth Device. Please go back to the
device menu as shown below. Please select (highlight) the Bluetooth device,

Step 12: Remove the paired device record by clicking the “-“ icon. Then the paired device
record will be empty as shown below.

Click “Remove” icon

to confirm the delete

Empty Bluetooth
device pairing record
as default

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For Linux 4.xx.yy

Bluetooth connection method with Linux 4.xx.yy

Please setup the reader as below: WiFi Antenna

Laptop
LAN cable CS463-2 (Finished Good)
Fixed IP :
Default fix IP : 192.168.25.160
192.168.25.100

Debug Port
Fig 14
Run Putty with SSH Bluetooth Antenna

section

Start PuTTY in PC, select SSH on Connection Type and type in IP address of CS463, then
click Open as below

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Login to CS463 with below account

User: root
Password: csl

Run the Bluetooth control application by command bluetoothctl as below

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Turn on CS463 Bluetooth feature by running command “power on” in

Bluetooth control software shell as below

Turn on testing Bluetooth speaker and enter to pairing mode.

Start the CS463 Bluetooth scanning process by running command

“scan on” as below

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Look for target Bluetooth device in scanning result as shown below, the

Bluetooth speaker device called DOSS Pie was used in this example,

the device name and its Mac address shown as below

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Run the command “scan off” to stop the Bluetooth scanning process

once target device can be found

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Run the command “devices” to check available devices.

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Connect to the Bluetooth speaker by running command “connect

<MAC address>”, e.g. connect 11:75:58:C8:8B:FD as shown below:

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After successful connection, where usually the Bluetooth speaker

would sound some audio message saying pairing is successful, we

should leave this Bluetooth controlling session for next step by

command “quit” as below

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The connected Bluetooth device is ready for use, so the Bluetooth

functionality can be checked by playing any wav file. Some wav file

was placed in shipped CS463 and can be search by command “find /

-name *.wav as below

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The found wav file can be played by command

paplay /usr/share/sounds/alsa/Side_Left.wav

Some voice should be heard from the Bluetooth speaker

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After the testing finished, the connected device can be disconnected by

below method.

Go to Bluetooth control session by command “bluetoothctl” then run

the command “disconnect 11:75:58:C8:88:FD” as below

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5.15 Wireshark Logging on PC Server Side

The purpose of Wireshark is to capture the Ethernet protocol handshake package between
reader and the PC and log them for analysis.

(a) Run the “Wireshark application

Please select “Capture” to enter “Option” page as shown below

In the “Input” tag, please click to select the “Ethernet” for capturing

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(b) In the “Output” tag,

 Please select the “Browse” icon at the top right corner
 A new window pop-up to allow the select of the directory
to store the log data.
 Select the path and then key in your preference filename

(c) Select the output format and file size

It is normal to use 10MByte for each log file as shown below

Click “Start” button to start

capturing

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(d) Wireshark capturing

To filter the IP 192.168.25.180, please enter

Ip.addr == 192.168.25.180 and then click “Apply” icon

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6 GPIO Ports Connection Guide

The CSL Fixed Intelligent Reader Family’s GPIO ports are actually optically isolated switches
only. There are various ways one can connect them up for common peripheral control. The
following sub-chapters describe typical ways to connect up for General Purpose Input and
General Purpose Output operations.

In addition to 4 optically isolated GPO and 4 optically isolated GPI, the CSL fixed intelligent
reader family also supply an isolated 12 Volt DC supply at 2 Watt, i.e., a maximum of 160 mA
current drive output. For low power peripheral devices, including most relays, this 12 Volt
isolated DC power supply can be used to drive them.

For load that requires higher current drive, external power supply is needed, and some of the
examples show how this is done in a safe manner. The important thing to remember is to
handle exception cases when the load encounters a shorting failure, so that unlimited current
can pass through that, and the optical isolated switch can be damaged if a protective resistor
(high power resistor) is not placed in series with the power supply path. As long as a
protective resistor is there, the overall circuit is protected. This is a standard industry practice.

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6.1 General Purpose Input (GPI)

GPI ports contain an optical isolator inside. The input line has a series resistor of 1K Ohm
with 1.5 Watt rating for protection. This will withstand external voltage up to 36 volt as
shown below.

P = V2 / R
P = 362 / 1000 = 1.296 Watt < 1.5 Watt

Therefore the highest voltage the GPI port of CSL Intelligent Fixed reader can “see” is 36
volts.

If one uses the 12 Volt DC output from the CSL Intelligent Fixed Reader in the input sensing
circuit (examples are in next few pages), then that voltage is well below the limit of 36 Volt.

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Example 1: (GPI with +5V External Power Supply)

Each GPI pin pair “looks” into an optical isolator with an operational forward voltage of
1.2 Volt, maximum 50 mA current. An internal series 1K Ohm 1.5 Watt resistor is also
present for protection.

I = 1.9 mA @ Push button off

I = 5 mA @ Push button on
Inside CS463 1K
GPI_1 (+) (Pin-2)
GPI_1 become Low when the +5V

Sensor or Push button switch

Sensor or Push 5V External
is turned on (pushed)
button switch Power
Supply
GPI_1 (-) Pin-12)

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Example 2: (GPI with +5V External Power Supply)

Each GPI pin pair “looks” into an optical isolator with an operational forward voltage of
1.2 Volt, maximum 50 mA current. An internal series 1K Ohm 1.5 Watt resistor is also
present for protection.

I = 3.8mA @ Push button on

Inside CS463
GPI_1 (+)
(Pin-2)
GPI_1 Logic become High
Sensor or Push
when the Sensor or Push button
button switch 5V External
switch is turned on (pushed)
Power
(Pin-12)
Supply
GPI_1 (-)

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Example 3: (GPI using the Internal Isolated +12V, 2 Watt Power Supply)

Each GPI pin pair “looks” into an optical isolator with an operational forward voltage of
1.2 Volt, maximum 50 mA current. An internal series 1K Ohm 1.5 Watt resistor is also
present for protection.

I=12 mA@ Push button on

I=5.4 mA@ Push button off

+12V (Pin-5)

1K

Inside CS463
GPI_1 (+) (Pin-2)
GPI_1 Logic becomes Low
Sensor or Push
when the sensor or Push
button switch
button switch is turned on
GPI_1 (-) Pin-12)
(pushed)

GND (Pin-15)
When external push

button is off, then the

optical isolator is turned

on inside with a forward

voltage of 1.2 Volt

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Example 4: (GPI using the Internal Isolated +12V, 2 Watt Power Supply)

Each GPI pin pair “looks” into an optical isolator with an operational forward voltage of
1.2 Volt, maximum 50 mA current. An internal series 1K Ohm 1.5 Watt resistor is also
present for protection.

I = 10.8 mA @ Push button on

+12V (Pin-5)

Sensor or push

button Switch

Inside CS463
GPI_1 (+)
GPI_1 Logic becomes High (Pin-2)
when the Sensor or Push

button switch is turned on (Pin-12)

(pushed)
GPI_1 (-)
GND (Pin-15)

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6.2 General Purpose Output (GPO)

Maximum current that can pass through the GPO optically isolated switches of CSL Intelligent
Fixed Readers is 2 Ampere.

Therefore a protection resistor with very high power rating must be added in series to the
external circuit to limit the current to 2 Ampere. The value of this resistor should be such that
the current cannot exceed 2 A.

Resistor Value = External Voltage / 2 A.

In addition, there is actually a resettable fuse internal to the GPO circuit in series with the
circuit that will protect the switch as a last-ditch defense.

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Example 1: GPO with +10V External Power Supply for High Load Current

A high wattage external resistor of N Ohm and rated to P Watt must be connected in case the
LOAD shorts out. N and P must satisfy the following equation to limit current to 2 Ampere in
such LOAD shorting situation:

Resistance Value of Resistor:

N > Voltage of External Power Supply / 2
Power Rating of Resistor:
P > (Voltage of External Power Supply / N) ^2 * N

In this example, current in the load (e.g. a buzzer with 1K Ohm internal resistance) is
calculated by the following equation:

ILOAD = (Voltage of External Power Supply – 0.6) / (N + RLOAD)

= (10 – 0.6) / (10 + 1000)
= 9.3 mA

10 Ohm 20 Watt
GPO_1 (+) (Pin-4)
Resistor

Inside CS463 External Power Supply

10V
The Load powers up when I = 9.3 mA @ GPO1=Close
GPO_1 becomes Close

LOAD 1K Ohm
GPO_1 (-) (Pin-14)

This is ground of

external devices

Remark: The maximum current flowing through GPO pin pair is 2A

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Example 2: GPO using relay for full isolation and high coil current (with External Power
Supply)

10 Ohm 20 Watt
GPO_1 (+) (Pin-4)
Resistor

External Power

Supply 12V

This is ground of

Inside CS463 external circuit

The Relay powers up when I<2A

GPO_1 Switch becomes GPO_1 (-) (Pin-14)

12V Relay
Close
Device to be
Coil
controlled
90 Ohm

This is ground of

external circuit

Remark: The maximum current flowing through GPO pin pair is 2A

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Example 3: GPO for Load Current < 160 mA (using +12V, 2 Watt Internal Isolated Power
Supply)

I = 8.9 mA @ GPO_1=Close
+12V(Pin-5)

1.2K

Inside CS463 LED

GPO_1 (+) (Pin-4)
LED lights up @ when

GPO_1 Switch becomes

Close
GPO_1 (-) (Pin-14)

GND (Pin-15)

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Example 4: GPO for Load Current < 160 mA (with +12V, 2 Watt Internal Power Supply)

+12V(Pin-5)

I = 8.9 mA@ GPO_1 = Close

Inside CS463
GPO_1 (+) (Pin-4)
LED lights up

when GPO_1 switch

becomes Close 1.2k LED

GPO_1 (-) (Pin-14)
GND (Pin-15)

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Example 5: GPO using Relay for Full Isolation and Low Coil Current (using +12V, 2 Watt
Internal Isolated Power Supply)

2 Watt supply at 12 Volt means output current is at most 160 mA.

The example relay below is a 12 Volt relay with 90 Ohms resistance coil, which means current
flowing through the coil is 133 mA.

Since 133 < 160, therefore this setup would work.

+12V(Pin-5)

GPO_1(+) (Pin-4)

Inside CS463
The Relay powers up I < 160mA
GPO_1(-) (Pin-14)
when GPO_1 Switch 12V Relay

becomes Close
90 Ohm Device to be

Coil controlled

GND (Pin-15)

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7 Quick Start

This chapter describes quick start guidelines for the various readers in the CSL Intelligent
Fixed Reader family.

7.1 CS463 Quick Start

This chapter explains how to quickly connect up and run CS463 OOB (Out Of Box) to read
RFID tags and display them on a browser.

CS463 comes with a Default Profile and a Default Event. The Default Event is not enabled at
the point of delivery to customer. On receiving the CS463 reader, the customer can then
enable the Default Event and use that to immediately read RFID tags from antenna Port 1 and
observe the tag IDs showing up in the Events/Tag Inventory page.

After login to the reader and ensuring the reader is in HTTP/XML access mode (this should be
the state when delivered from factory) as explained in section 4.3,
 Make sure antenna Port 1 is connected to an antenna as stated in Default Profile of
Operation Profile.

Antenna

Connect Port 1 to
the antenna

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 Go to the Operation Profile in System page and select List Profile to ensure the
Default Profile can be found as shown below

 Go to the List Event of Event Management in Event page and click List Event to show
the Default Event

Click “Default
Event” to continue

Click “List Event”

to show default
Event

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In Default Event, reading of tag from antenna port 1 can be started after the default event
is enabled (ticking the tick box) and the button “Modify” clicked to confirm the change

Tick the “Enable Event”

tick box to enable the
tag reading

Click “Modify” to
confirm the change

 Reading of tag from antenna port 1 can be stopped once the default event is disabled by
unchecking the “Enable Event” tick box and clicking the “Modify” button to confirm
the change

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Now go to the page Events/Tag Inventory, you should be able to see tags being read:

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7.2 CS203X Quick Start

This chapter explains how to quickly connect up and run CS203X OOB (Out Of Box) to read
RFID tags and display them on a browser.

CS203X comes with a Default Profile and a Default Event. The Default Event is not enabled
at the point of delivery to customer. On receiving the CS203X reader, the customer can then
enable the Default Event and use that to immediately read RFID tags from antenna Port 4
(internal) and observe the tag IDs showing up in the Events/Tag Inventory page.

After login to the reader and ensuring the reader is in HTTP/XML access mode (this should be
the state when delivered from factory) as explained in section 4.3,

External Antenna
port

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 Go to the Operation Profile in System page and select List Profile to ensure the
Default Profile can be found as shown below

 Go to the List Event of Event Management in Event page and click List Event to show
the Default Event

Click “Default
Event” to continue

Click “List Event”

to show default
Event

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In Default Event, reading of tag from antenna port 4 (internal) can be started after the
default event is enabled (ticking the tick box) and the button “Modify” clicked to confirm
the change

Tick the “Enable Event”

tick box to enable the
tag reading

Click “Modify” to
confirm the change

 Reading of tag from antenna port 4 (internal) can be stopped once the default event is
disabled by unchecking the “Enable Event” tick box and clicking the “Modify” button
to confirm the change

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Now go to the page Events/Tag Inventory/Capture Tags Raw, you should be able to see tags
being read:

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8 Web Browser Interface Details

This chapter describes in details the various pages of the web browser interface. With CS463,
this web browser enables full control of the reader, including the event engine.

8.1 Home Page

The home page of the web-based administration interface can be entered by just entering the IP
address of the reader (default IP address is printed on the label) on the web browser.

For example, if the IP address of the reader is 192.168.25.160, you should enter:
http://192.168.25.160

Use default User Name: root and Password: csl and click Login to login to the Reader

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8.2 Status

The “Status” page gives a quick overview of the current status of the reader.
The reader basic information such as serial number and access mode can be found on
beginning of status page

If any event was enabled and reading tag, the basic RFID related parameters will show on
status page such as transmitting power, profile and session as below

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All firmware versions are shown on status page.

Network information can be found on status page such as IP and Mac address

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8.3 Users Management

The “Users Management” page contains sub-menu for adding, deleting and modifying
password, set auto-logout time and login/logout.

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8.3.1 Add User

To add user, input the user name, password, authorization level and description. Then click
“Add”.

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8.3.2 Delete User

To delete user, select the user name and then click “Delete”.

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8.3.3 Modify Password

To modify password, input the current password, new password and retype new password.
Then click “Modify”.

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8.3.4 List Users

The “List Users” page lists all the users and his/her authority.

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8.3.5 Set Auto Logout Time

The “Set Auto Logout Time” page allows ones to set the time for automatic logout if the user is
idle.

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8.3.6 Login/Logout

The “Login/Logout” page is for users to login or logout the web browser interface.

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8.4 System

The “System” page contains many sub-menus to configure the reader for operation. Users are
recommended to access these pages to determine the required settings before any operation.

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8.4.1 Reader ID

Here is the “Reader ID” submenu:

One can modify the reader ID here. Note that the ID cannot be too long if one plans to use
Bluetooth to control the reader (using the CS108 Bluetooth API access mode) because
Bluetooth standard does not allow too long a device name.

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8.4.2 Capture Point Name

The name of each antenna port is the capture point name (Some readers call it read point name).
This name can be configured. In other words, each antenna port (or capture point, or read point)
can be uniquely identified and accessed or referred to. Note that the word capture and read
are interchangeably used in the context of this reader. A capture point is the same as a read
point.

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8.4.3 Access Mode

Here is the “Access Mode” submenu:

CS463 offers 9 different access modes:

1. HTTP/XML
2. CSL Unified API/High Level
3. CSL Unified API/Low Level
4. CSL Unified API/High Level via RS232 Control Serial Port
5. CSL Unified API/Low Level via RS232 Control Serial Port
6. CS461 Low Level API (MACH1)
7. LLRP
8. CS108 Bluetooth API (CS463 model only)
9. Custom Embedded RFID HTTP

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Set Access Mode

CS463 can be controlled using popular programming interface APIs.

For configuring the reader to be controlled by LLRP API, please set the Access Mode to LLRP.

For configuring the reader to be controlled by CSL Unified API so that one can use the C#
Demo App to control CS463, please set the Access Mode to CSL Unified API

For customers who have already developed programs using the CS461 high level or low level
API, they can use their existing programs to connect to CS463:

For configuring the reader to be controlled by CS461 High Level API, please remember to set
the Access Mode to “HTTP/XML”

For configuring the reader to be controlled by CS461 Low-Level API (MACH 1 API), please
remember to set the Access Mode to “CS461 Low Level API (MACH1)”.

If you need to configure the reader on the web interface (e.g. Network setting, Time settings,
Event Engine, etc.), you must set the Access Mode to “HTTP/XML”.

If you have already developed codes to control CS108 handheld sled reader, you can set the
Access Mode to “CS108 Bluetooth API“. Once you set that, you can use your iPhone or
Android CS108 App to control this CS463 reader.

Some customers would like to use their own embedded control system. In that case, set the
Access Mode to “Custom Embedded RFID HTTP” and then configure the page “Custom
Embedded RFID Application” so that every time the reader powers up it will run that particular
application.

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Click here to show all

available access mode

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8.4.4 Custom Embedded RFID application

This page is used to input custom embedded RFID application path and its command. This
command will be run on power on – provided Access Mode has been changed to “Custom
Embedded RFID HTTP”.

If one SSH into the reader, and change directory to /opt, you will indeed see a sub-directory
with that name. If you go into that sub-directory, you will then see the program example.c
and the related makefile and other resources. This example.c code demonstrates how to run
the RFID circuits inside to do inventory. You can modify that code or build your own
company’s code based on that.

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8.4.5 Frequency Configuration

The “Frequency Configuration” page allows user to configure the country and frequency to be
used by the reader. Please refer to the regulatory law of your region for the allowed frequency
to be used. Here is the “Frequency Configuration” submenu:

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Set Regulatory Region

One can set the different “Regulatory Region” for different operation frequency band in
different country in this page for RW model and frequency band is fixed for all other model.
Click “Modify” to confirm the change.

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8.4.6 Operation Profile

The “Operation Profile” page is extremely important as it sets the basic RFID parameters of the
reader.

Parameter Description

Profile ID Each profile can be saved and recall for use in Event
Engine, or be uploaded and redeployed to other
CS463 readers in the field.
Capture Point Which antenna port to enable (turn power on) and the
output conducted power of each antenna port, in
terms of 10 x Power (dBm)
Dwell time of each antenna port – how long the
reader will stay in that particular antenna port to do
RFID tag inventory in each antenna cycle.

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Parameter Description

Reader Mode/Link Profile For CS463 there are different Reader Modes:
0 – Best Multipath Fading Resistance
1 – Longest Read Range, Dense Reader Mode
2 – Read Range and Throughput, Dense Reader
Mode
3 – Maximum Throughput

Please see Appendix B for more details

Session # Session # S0, S1, S2, and S3, as defined by EPC
Target Flag A, B or A/B Toggle of the tag to be inventoried
Query Algorithm Fixed Q or Dynamic Q Algorithm
Tag Population Estimated population of tags to be read at a time.
Based on this tag population estimate, the
corresponding Q parameter to be broadcasted during
a Query will be displayed on the right side of the edit
box
Multi Bank Inventory CS463 has a unique multi-bank inventory capability:
up to 2 more banks, with each bank’s starting address
and length of words to be captured configurable
LNA Control RF front end gain of reader
TagFocus Enabling impinj TagFocus feature can reduce the
time to finish reading high number of tags. Pls note
this feature can only work with those tags got this
feature
FastID If this feature was enabled, the tag chip with this
feature, will backscatters the EPC and TID together
during an inventory. Pls note this feature can only
work with those tags got this feature
Tag Model For special feature tag such as temperature reading,
right model must be chosen

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8.4.7 Memory Information

The “Memory Information” page shows the RAM and Flash memory used and free (available
for use).

It also displays the Clear Cache cycle time. This is the periodic time when the Linux OS
cache is cleared.

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8.4.8 Configuration Backup/Restore

The “Configuration Backup/Restore” page allows backup of configurations, restoring of

configurations.

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Configuration Backup

To backup configuration, click “Download” in “Configuration Backup” page. The system

would start to backup the configuration to file.

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Configuration Restore

To restore backup configuration, click “Choose File”. Then select the backup configuration file
and click “Open”.

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8.4.9 Power Up Notification

System can send power up notification to server with particular format if it is enabled

Add Power up Notification

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8.4.10 Heartbeat

The Heartbeat is used to monitor the system still running

Add Heat Beat
The Heartbeat sending interval, type and address sending should be set on Add Heart Beat as
below

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If the HTTP Post type server is selected, corresponding Server and Data Format should be
selected as below. Server and Data Format was defined in Cloud Server page

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8.4.11 Log File Configuration

There is different type of log files which can be enabled as shown below.

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8.4.12 Download Log file

All Log files can be download in this page, select Log files type going to download then click
Download to start download

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8.4.13 Company Label

Company label can be shown on web page and was defined in this page

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8.4.15 Advanced Settings

The reader sensitivity can be set on this page by changing below parameters

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8.4.16 Scheduled Restart

System Restart can be scheduled on this page

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8.4.17 Restart System

To restart the system, input “Y” and click “Process”.

Y must be capital letter

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8.5 Network Management

“Network Management” page allows the user to set the network parameters. Here is the
network management sub-menu:
The connection can be static IP or DHCP
Connection can be set to static IP as below

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Connection can be set to DHCP as below

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8.5.1 Ethernet Configuration

In “Network Configuration” page, one can configure the network parameters such as the reader
IP address, Subnet mask, Gateway and DNS server.

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8.5.2 Wi Fi Configuration

All basic setup for wifi can found in this page, you are able to enable/disable the wifi from here

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8.5.3 Cloud Server Basic Settings

Trusted server for automatic data submission by the reader using the event engine is set in the
“Cloud Server” page. Here is the “Cloud Server” submenu:

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Configuration
One can enable network failure data backlog in the Configuration in Cloud Server page. It
allows the reader to buffer the tags read during network failure in memory. Buffered tags are
sent to trusted server when network is restored.

A further selection is necessary in the way the data is backlogged: Either “Drop the Oldest
reading or Ignore the new reading.

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Add Cloud Server

To add a trusted server for receiving tag events, input the web address path then click Add.

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Delete Cloud Server

To delete cloud server, select the server ID and click “Delete”.

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Modify Cloud Server

To modify cloud server, select the server ID in List Cloud Server submenu, modify any fields
and click “Modify”.

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List Cloud Server

Information of trusted server can be retrieved by the “List Cloud Server” page.

This cloud server path

is CSL provided
server for demo
testing only

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Log in Cloud Server from Web page, the path is

democloud.convergence.com.hk/CSLRFIDCloudServer/

you may encounter a certificate warning, please press “details” and then “proceed to website”

This is the web address

to log in cloud server

Input Reader Serial

number as found on
below status page

You can find the Reader ID from the entry called Reader Serial # on Status page.

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For the password,

Password is the ethernet Mac

address and wifi address added
together as found on below
reader status page

So the password for this reader to log in server web page is 00057B84004100057B870041

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If any resultant action Send to cloud is set and was triggered as below

The result can be found on Cloud Server Webpage as below

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8.5.4 Cloud Server Data Formatter

Add Data Format for Cloud Server

Different fields can be added to the reporting format for Cloud Server as below

If data is going to be sent to CSL provided Cloud Server, the fields RFIDReaderSerialNumber
and RFIDReaderInternalSerialNumber must be added as below otherwise CSL Cloud Server
would ignore the send data.

Json Format should be

choose for CSL Cloud
Server
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Once the TagDataList was added, more tag related parameter can be selected to send to cloud
Server

The TID bank reading should have

defined on System Profile page,
otherwise, no data will show on cloud
Server as it is not available

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Delete Data Format

Any unwanted Data format can be deleted as below

List Data Format

All created Data format can be found on this page List Data Format and can be modified as
long as it is not Permalock

click particular data

format to modify

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Any available field can be added or remove from reporting format on here

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8.6 Time and Timer Setting

Here is the “Time and Timer Setting” submenu:

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8.6.1 Date/Time

The “Date/Time” page allows the user to set the real time clock inside the reader. Please note
that you have to configure the UTC (GMT) time on the reader. The local time will then be
calculated based on the time zone you set. Note that for some country they also practice
Daylight Savings Time.

Warning: After changing the date and time, the reader may pause reading 30-60 seconds for
re-initiation. It is recommended not to open the “Capture Tags Testing” page in “Tag & Tag
Filter” for viewing tags in this period.

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8.6.2 Time Zone

The time zone can be set on this page

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8.6.3 NTP Setup

This page allows one to setup the NTP server. The CS463 reader will update its time by
connecting to the NTP server at a preset time and preset mode. Be sure to enter the gateway
and DNS server in the network configuration page in order for the NTP server be reachable by
the reader.

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8.7 Tag & Tag Filter

The “Tag & Tag Filter” page allows you to create the Tag group or Tag database which will be
used in Tigger page and define filter to be enabled on operation profile. In actual deployment,
RFID reader is used to do security screening of incoming or outgoing vehicles/personnel/asset
or logistic items. A list of predefined tag IDs can be downloaded to each RFID reader so that
the RFID reader will distinguish whether that tag belongs to that list (tag group or tag database).
Only when a tag belongs to that group would the RFID reader carries out further action as
stipulated by the event – for example open the door.

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8.7.1 Tag Group

Tags group can be created and download from CS463 reader as follow

 Add tag group

Go to Tag group in Tag & Tag Filter and click Add Tag Group
Input the new tags group name as below

Click Add to confirm the new group

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Add Tags to the group

Click Add to add new tags to the group and below menu will pop up
Click confirm the to confirm the addition of new tag to the tag group

Click Save to save the new tag group

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Import New tags

Click Import then select the tags record file

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New Tags was added to the window

Click Save to save new record to the tag group

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Click Save & Download

All record in the tag group was saved to file as below

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8.7.2 Tag Database

Database can be created in reader for user to link tag with database record include basic
information such as staff name, number and corresponding photo, then show the record on web
page after proper even defined. The detail usage can be found on section 9.6 even Example 4:
Example Event using Database Tag Group and Database Display
The defined database can be shown on page List Database as below

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The location of Database in reader can be set on Database Configuration submenu

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Database can be added on Add Database submenu as below

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Particular Database can be deleted on Delete Database as below

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All defined database can be shown on List Database Submenu as below

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Tag Record on particular database can be added after choosing right database

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The Tag Record content can be load to database in this page

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Tag Record on particular database can be deleted after choosing right database

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Click Delete to delete particular record on selected Database as shown on below

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Tag Record on particular database can be modified on List Tag Record submenu after choosing
right database as below

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Click here to start the

modification

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The content of database on particular record can be modified in this page as below

Then click Modify to confirm the modification

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Each Database can be backup on Database Backup/Restore submenu as below after choosing
target database

Click Backup to start the backup

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Particular database can restore to system from pervious backup file as below

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8.7.3 Tag Filter

The tag filter was used to find particular tags from large population. There are two type of filter
can be used include pre filter and post filter. If the pre filter is used, tags not matching filter
will not transmit response while post filter reader will filter out all not matching tags after
received all tags response.

All defined filter can be found in page List Filter under Tag & Tag Filter page as below

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Filters can be added in Add Filter as shown below

Only tag with same

character on memory
bank beginning with will
apply the action

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Once any filter was defined here, such filter can be enabled in operation profile then take effect
as shown below

Choose the filter to

apply from here

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Any filter can be deleted from this page

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8.8 I/O Management

The “IO Port Testing” page allows users to test functionality of IO port

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8.8.1 I/O Port Testing

Below is the “IO Port Testing” page, it allows one to look at sensor input (you MUST press the
“Refresh” button to update the input state), and control the outputs for system testing.

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8.9 Event Management

Event is the most important part of the reader configuration. By setting it intelligently, one can
handle many business applications autonomously with no interactive computation requirements
needed from remote server. To create and enable an event, one needs to set up triggers,
resultant actions, and then use that to assemble events. Once an event is created, the reader
would run according to it continuously, and will continue even if the reader is powered down
and up (rebooted). In other words, the reader is running autonomously.

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8.9.1 Event Management

Here is the “Event management” submenu:

Note that there is ex-factory a “Default Event” running the “Default Profile”. It comes
disabled (in the Enable column, it is False). Once you enable it, it will start reading RFID
tags from Port 1 (assuming an antenna is connected to Port 1 for model CS463/CS468XJ and
there are RFID tags in front of the antenna)

Here is the Default

Even

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Add Event

Below is the “Add Event” page:

One has to input a name for each event.

One should select the operation profile for the event. This operation profile is defined in the
“System” page “Operation Profile” submenu.

The Inventory Enabling Trigger is the initial trigger that turns on the RF power of the reader to
start doing inventory. This trigger can be set to “Always On” and then the reader will do
inventory the moment the reader is powered on. Note that this trigger has to be defined in the
Trigger page. Note that if one wants the reader to be always on, simply choose “Always On” in
the Inventory Enabling Trigger entry.

The Inventory Enabling Action is the action that accompanies an inventory enabling trigger.
For example, one may want to turn on a signal light when the inventory has started.

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Once the inventory enabling cycle is entered, then the event engine would look for actual event
triggers, and these triggers can be Boolean operated together as defined in the entry “Trigger
Logic”. The Trigger Logic is a Boolean combination of triggers that are defined in the “Trigger”
page which will be described later.

When the Trigger Logic is satisfied, the event is established, and the resultant actions are
defined in “Resultant Action” section. Again it can be a combination, sequential (THEN) or
(AND), of actions.

The overall inventory enabling cycle is ended based on the triggers defined in “Inventory
Disabling Trigger” section. Sometimes this can be another Infrared sensor at the exit of the
reader read zone, or it can be defined as a period of time of no tag reads. If the user wants the
reader to be always reading tags, then the selection “Never Stop” should be chosen here.

The Inventory Disabling Action is the action that accompanies the inventory disabling trigger.
For example, one may want to turn off a signal light (that was turned on due to an inventory
enabling action as described before) when the inventory is stopped.

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Modify Event

To modify event, go to “List Event” page and select the “Event ID”, modify the event and click
“Modify”.

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Enable/Disable Event

To enable/disable event, select/de-select the checkbox “Enable Event” and click “Modify”.

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Delete Event

To delete event, select the “Event ID” and click “Delete”.

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List Event

Below is the “List Event” page:

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8.9.2 Trigger

A trigger is a stimulus that causes the reader to recognize it and do something about it.
The trigger is used in Inventory Enabling, Inventory Disabling, and of course inside the actual
Event Triggering Logic section. Below is the “Trigger” submenu:

Add Trigger
Below is the “Add Trigger” page:

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There are many different types of trigger as follows:

1. “Read Any Tags (any ID, 1 trigger per tag)” would look at tags coming in to the four
antenna ports (or capture points), the ones being ticked here would be selected, and will
generate 1 trigger per tag (different ID) notification. By selecting which antenna port one
can then select tags read by specific antennas to trigger an event. Note that in Time
Windowed Mode there is a duplicate elimination action within each time window, and for
the same ID within that window, it will only be recorded once into the buffer – unless the
box called “Antenna Differentiation” in the Event Management page is ticked, in that case
the same tag read by different antennas will generate different triggers. Hence for each
different ID within that duplicate elimination time it will generate an event.
2. “Input Sensor State” would look at the state (high or low) of one of the general purpose IO
input.
3. “No Tag Read in Specified Time Span” would check if for a specified time read, no tag
passes through the reader read zone.
4. “Trigger in Tag Group” would check if any tag is within a pre-defined tag group .
5. “Trigger if RSSI larger than or equal to” would check if read tag Rssi is larger or equal to
defined value
6. Specified Time Span elapsed”.

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For “read any tags” trigger, the user also has to specify which antenna port or capture point it is
collecting the tags from. To choose it, just tick the box on the left of each entry.

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For “Input Sensor State” trigger, the Port Number 1 shown on below, is mapped to physical
GPI1 port which using pin 2 /pin12 of GPI1 terminal (GPI1 ports details see section 5.8).
Level High was selected on below case so the trigger will be set if there is high voltage applied
on pin2 (GPI1(+)) and pin 12 (GPI1(-)) is properly connected

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Modify Trigger

To modify trigger, go to List Trigger and select the “Trigger ID”, modify the trigger and click
“Modify”.

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Delete Trigger

To delete trigger, select the “Delete Tigger” and click “Delete”.

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List Trigger

Below is the “List Trigger” page.

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8.9.3 Resultant Action

The “Resultant Action” pages define the resultant action that will be enforced when an event
logic is established. Below is the “Resultant Action” submenu:

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Add Resultant Action

There are 8 types of possible action:

1. Do Nothing (Only Show on Screen) – here nothing is affected, except the tags collected can
be shown on browser screen. Note that there are APIs that can collect the tag IDs or
information on demand from the remote server. So this is actually a polling mode in
terms of collecting tag information.
2. Batch Alert to Server – here the collected tag information are sent to Server at the end of
each duplicate elimination cycle (Time Window)
3. Instant Alert to Server – here the collected tag information are sent to Server immediately
as it is read.
4. Low Latency Alert to Server
5. Output Port – here the General Purpose IO output port would be controlled to have certain
level change or pulse or even pulse train.
6. Save to External USB Memory – here the tag information was sent to external USB flash
memory.
7. Display Tag Database Record
8. Display Tag Group Record

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If one selects “Batch Alert to Server”, “Low Latency Alert to Server” or the “Instant Alert to
Server”, then one has to also select the Server ID, which is defined in the Trusted Server page
of the Network page. The user also has to select the Server ID and Data format ID are going
to use.

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Data Format ID was defined in Cloud Server page

Different field can be added to reporting format as below

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If one selects “Output Port” then one has to input few more fields. The user has to select the
Port Number, 1 to 4. The Output Logic has to be selected, which can be either Open, Close or
Pulse .

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For Pulse, there are more parameters to be configured. The Pulse Logic, which can
Open-Close-Open, or Close-Open-Close, and Pulse Mode, which can be One Shot Pulse or
Pulse Train, the Pulse Width in msec., and for Pulse Train, the duty cycle and Pulse Duration.
These are all self-explanatory.

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Modify Resultant Action

To modify resultant action, select the “Resultant Action ID” from list table, modify it and then
click “Modify”.

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Delete Resultant Action

To delete resultant action, select the “Resultant Action ID” and click “Delete”.

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List Resultant Action

Below is the “List Resultant Action” action page.

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8.9.4 Tag Inventory

Capture Tags Raw

If there is any Event was enabled to read tags, all raw tags data can be found in this page

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8.9.5 Display Tag Group/Database Record

When tag record within particular database was read by reader, the database content can be
shown in this page as below

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Below is the Event called “Example Tag Database Display” (installed on shipped reader), once
the Event was enabled and right tag was detected, the database content will be shown as
previous diagram

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8.10 Version Management

The “Version Management” page allows you to review the version upgrade history (in the
Version Control Submenu), and to do firmware upgrade (in the Firmware Upgrade Submenu).

Version Control

In the “Version Control” sub-menu page, one can see the version number of the software.
This is an important page to check if the versions are correct, especially after a firmware
upgrade. It also shows the upgrade history of the reader.

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8.11 Firmware Upgrade

Firmware Upgrade

In the “Firmware Upgrade” submenu, just press the “Choose File” button and find the upgrade
file (which the user has already downloaded from CSL website before). Then press the
“Firmware Upgrade” button. The upgrade takes a few minutes, depending on the size of that
particular upgrade. Please wait until you see the success message. After that please wait for the
WebApplication to automatically restart to the login page.

Firmware upgrades include the following 6 items:

1. Web Application Upgrade

2. JNI Library Upgrade
3. CSL API Library Upgrade
4. CS461 Low Level API (MACH1) Library Upgrade
5. LLRP Library Upgrade
6. Apply Patch

Linux Version Variations

There are 2 Linux OS versions: 3.0.35 or 4.x.x. For units shipped before June 2019, the OS is
3.0.35. After July 2019, the OS is 4.x.x. Some of the firmware has different versions per the
OS version. Please note this variation.

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Upgrading Web Application

Below is the page to upgrade Web application. Linux OS versions: 3.0.35 or 4.x.x use same
Web application

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In case of web application version 3.x or later, the upgrading can be done directly using the
zipped file

For existing web application 2.x or earlier, the zipped Web application file needs to be
unzipped first before upgrading. The unzipped file should have the file extension of “war” as
shown below.

Click Choose File

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Then click Upload after choose the Web application file and upgrading will start

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Upgrading JNI Library

Choose the JNI Library zipped file (no need to unzip)

The JNI library are different on different Linux OS versions: 3.0.35 or 4.x.x. Please choose the
corresponding version to upgrade.

This file with file name

associated with Linux
3.0.35 is used for Linux
3.0.35

Then click Upload

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Upgrading CSL API library

Choose zipped Daemon file corresponding to reader Linux version.

This file with file name

associated with Linux
3.0.35 is used for Linux
3.0.35

Then click upload

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Upgrading CS461 Low Level API library

Choose zipped Mach1 Daemon file corresponding to reader Linux version

This file with file name

associated with Linux
3.0.35 is used for Linux
3.0.35

Then click Upload

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Upgrading LLRP Library

Choose the zipped Daemon file corresponding to reader Linux version

This file with file name

associated with Linux
3.0.35 is used for Linux
3.0.35

Then click upload

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Applying Patch to System

If there is any patch for system, it can be done on this page. Linux OS versions: 3.0.35 or
4.x.x can use same Patch file

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Choose the zipped patch file then click upload

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9 Read Tag using Browser Interface and

Event Engine

One can use a browser to quickly configure the CS463 reader to autonomously read tags based
on certain logic sequence defined in the event engine and operation profile.

9.1 Read Tag using Default Profile and Default

Event
CS463 comes with a Default Profile and a Default Event. The Default Event is not enabled
yet. Once the user enable that event, then the user can use that to immediately read RFID tags
from antenna Port 0.

After login to the reader and ensuring the reader is in HTTP/XML access mode as explained in
section 4.3,
 Make sure antenna Port 1 is connected to an antenna as stated on Default Profile of
Operation Profile which mentioned on previous session Setup Reader.


Antenna

Port 1 was
connected to the
antenna

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 Go to the Operation Profile in System page and select List Profile to ensure there is
Default Profile can be found as below

“Default
Profile”

Click “List Profile” to

show all Profile

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 Go to the List Event of Event Management in Event page and click List Event to show
the Default Event

Click “Default
Event” to continue

Click “List Event”

to show default
Event

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In Default Event, the reading tag from antenna port 1 can be started after the default event
was enable and click Modify to confirm the change

Click “Enable
Event” to enable
the tag reading
Click “Modify” to
confirm the
changing

 reading tag from antenna port 1 can be stopped once the default event was disable by
unchecking Enable Event and click Modify to confirm the change

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9.2 Read Tag using Custom Profile and Custom

Event

To define your own profile and event, the following steps are needed:

Add Profile:

 Go to the Operation Profile in System page, then click Add Profile as below

Click ports connected with antenna.

1 port have been activated with

maximum output power equal to
30dBm and other 3 ports are not
activated

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Change the session,

Target, Algorithm and Tag
population to optimize
 Please click “Add” to confirm the change. reader performance

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Add Event and change to use Profile 1 which created before

Click Modify to confirm

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Start inventory reading using Test Event 1

 Make sure antenna Port 1 is connected to an antenna as stated on Default Profile of

Operation Profile which mentioned on previous session Setup Reader.


Antenna

Port 1 was
connected to the
antenna
 Go to List Event in Event Management and click “ Event 1” to modify the Event.

Click “Event 1” to
modify the Event

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Select Always
On

Click Enable Event to

enable it

Click “Modify” to
apply the change

 Please click “Modify” to confirm the change and inventory will start.
 Go to Tag inventory to check inventory result.

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Click “Tag
Inventory” to check
Inventory result

The Inventory can be stopped by disabling the Event 1 on Event Management as below

Unchecked Enable Event

to disable it

Click “Modify” to
apply the change

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Below procedure to enable particular group of tag to be detected and used this group as trigger
 Add tag group
Go to Tag group in Tag & Tag Filter and click Add Tag Group
Input the new tags group name as below

Click Add to confirm the new group

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Add Tags to the group

Click Add to add new tags to the group and below menu will pop up
Click confirm to confirm the addition of new tag to the tag group

Click Save to save the new tag group

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Import New tags

Prepare tag record file, below is the example file and view by notepad

Click Import then select the tags record file

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New Tags was added to the window

Click Save to save new record to the tag group

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In the Add trigger of Event menu, new tag group (TagGroup 3) is available as shown below

Go to Event management, Group Tigger can be used in Tigger Logic on Event 1

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9.3 Example 1: Example Event Send to CSL Demo

Cloud server

Step 1: Set up the Cloud Server Path (use CSL Demo Cloud Server in this example)

List the Cloud Server and check CSL Cloud Server path is correct (this server is saved on
reader when shipped)
CSL cloud server path:
https://democloud.convergence.com.hk:29090/WebServiceRESTs/1.0/req/create-up
date-delete/update-entity/tagdata

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Add Data Format for Cloud server reporting

Create a new Data Format ID

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Select fields to be used as below. Note that in order to send data to CSL Demo Cloud Server,
you MUST include RFIDReaderSerialNumber and RFIDReaderInternalSerialNumber. The
server will check the actual production CS463 units serial number and internal serial number as
well as the MAC addresses to ensure it is a bona fide CSL product.

For your own server you do may not send these data.

Click Add

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Step 2: Add Resultant Action that sends data to this Cloud Server

Add Resultant Action with Low Latency Alert Server action mode as below and using the
proper Server ID (the ID “Send to CSL Demo Cloud” is used in this example) and Data Format
ID

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Step 3: Set up the Event

Add “Example Event Send to CSL Demo Cloud Server” and using pervious defined Resultant
Action “Send to CSL Demo Cloud”

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Enable the event “Example Event Send to CSL Demo Cloud Server” to start Inventory so that
data will be sent to cloud server

First, click here to

enable the event
then, click here to
confirm the change

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Go to Tag Inventory page to check any tags was read from reader as below (show all tags read
mean raw data)

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Step 5: Verify tag data is indeed sent to the CSL Demo Cloud Server

To verify the tag data has been sent to the remote server, in this case the CSL Demo Server,
you need to log in to the CSL Demo Cloud Server.

To log in Cloud Server from Web page, the path is

democloud.convergence.com.hk/CSLRFIDCloudServer/

you may encounter a certificate warning, please press “details” and then “proceed to website”

To log in, it asks you for the Reader ID, which is the Reader Serial Number as printed on the
product label. You can also find this on the Status Page Reader Serial # entry.

Get the login password from status page and the password is the concatenation of the Ethernet
MAC address and the Wi Fi MAC address:
Password = “Ethernet MAC Address + Wi Fi MAC Address” (details go to section 8.5.3)
Again, you can find this information either on the product label or on the Status page. Note
that you need to enable the Wi Fi in order to see the Wi Fi MAC address on the Status page.

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Log in CSL Demo Cloud Server web page

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The CSL web page after login for this Reader will show a table with all the data uploaded:

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9.4 Example 2: Traffic Control – Management of

Traffic at Building Entrance

Define two events to manage the Truck/Personnel In and Out, one event for
incoming called “Example Event Entrance Boom Barrier Control”, while another
event for outgoing called “Example Event Exit Boom Barrier Control”, also those
two event is exclusive since the system should not handle the Entrance/Exit
simultaneously. Also, two antenna was used in this example, ensure antenna was
connected both on Antenna Port 1 and Port 2 before enable the example event
mentioned on following section

For incoming personnel case, the Tigger “Infrared Sensor GP1 Port 1 High” is used
to detect incoming personnel then start inventory, this personnel leaving is detected
by “Infrared Sensor GP1 Port 2 High” then stop inventory.

For leaving personnel case, the Tigger “Infrared Sensor GP1 Port 2 High” is used to
detect leaving personnel then start inventory, the personnel going out is detected by
“Infrared Sensor GP1 Port 1 High” then stop inventory.

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Personnel Incoming case

“Example Event Entrance Boom Barrier Control” even details

One Input port is used to monitor the incoming Personnel/truck, If the level of input port
changed from Low to High such as infrared detector, the inventory will be enabled. This trigger
is defined as below

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There is another trigger to control the detection of tag group as shown below and trigger mode
is “Tigger in Tag Group”

The Tag Group called Test Group 1 is used in this trigger and this tag group was defined in Tag
group under Tag &Tag filter page as shown below

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There are Resultant actions after particular tag was detected within the group and defined as
below
This resultant action will turn on the output port

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The inventory will be stopped by trigger called “Infrared Sensor GPI Port 2 High”
Another Input port is used to monitor the incoming Personnel/truck leaving detection zone, If
the state of input port level changed from Low to High such as infrared detector, the inventory
will be stopped. This trigger is defined as below

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Personnel Outgoing case

“Example Event Exit Boom Barrier Control” event details
For leaving personnel case, the Tigger “Infrared Sensor GPI Port 2 High” is used to detect
leaving personnel reaching detection zone then start inventory, this personnel going out is
detected by “Infrared Sensor GPI Port 1 High” and stop inventory. All other logic is same as
Personnel Incoming case as shown below

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After the both “Example Event Entrance Boom Barrier Control”/ “Example Event Exit Boom
Barrier Control” event was defined, each event should be enabled by clicking Even Enabled
and click Modify to save the changed

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After both events was enabled and Enable field become true as shown below
Please ensure both Antenna Port 1 and Antenna Port 2 was connected with antenna before
enable mentioned Events

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9.5 Example 3: Multiple Antenna Ports with

Different Events for Each Port

The event “Operate on Tags from Antenna 1” is used to handle tags from antenna port 1 while
event “Tags from ant 2” work for tags from antenna port 2. If both even was enabled, different
event can work for each port simultaneously.

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The event “Operate on Tags from Antenna 1” details as below. It will turn on GPIO port1 if
tag within tag group defined in Test Group 1, was detected coming from antenna port1.

Corresponding trigger shown on below

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The event “Tags from ant 2” details as below. It will turn on GPIO port2 if tag within tag group
defined in TagGroup 3, was detected coming from antenna port 2.

Corresponding trigger shown on below

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9.6 Example 4: Example Event using Database Tag

Group and Database Display

The event Example Tag Database Display can display content of database located in reader if
tag within database tag group was detected from antenna port 1 on CS463 or antenna port 4 on
CS203X. This database record can contain Picture/Photo and text such as equipment photo,
staff photo and corresponding text

After corresponding even was enabled, database content will be shown on below page if the tag
in database was detected and its corresponding record can be found in database

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Below show the database event details.

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The database is going to use in this event, was choose in Trigger page as shown below

The way showing database content was defined in Display Format, so, you need choose right
display format in Resultant Action page as shown below on Display Tag Database Record
Action Mode

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Display Format can be modified/added in Display format page as shown below

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Type of record on particular database can be listed in List Database as shown below.

The content of each record on each database can be changed from List Tag Record as shown
below

click here to
continue

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click here to choose which

record to be modified

The content of record can be modified in this page

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The new record can be added to particular database in Add Record as shown below

click here to
continue

The content of each record on particular database can be added in this page as shown below

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After all necessary modification was done, the event can be run again by clicking Even
Enabled as shown below

You should see the event status changed to Enabled

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If you go to Display Tag Group/Database Record, you can see the database record content
linking to the detected tag(The tag with EPC 123456789012345678901234 was used in this
event Example Tag Database Display shipped with reader ).

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9.7 Example 5: Read Magnus S3 Tag Temperature

The event Read Temp is used to read temperature from Magnus S3 tag. This Event was shipped
with latest version of reader.
Once the event was enabled as below and the condition on temperature higher than 10C in
trigger Read Temp tag was fulfilled, reader will send pulse to IO port. You can check the
temperature reading on Display Magnus Tag Data page under Tag Inventory and shown on
coming section

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Here is the trigger Read Temp tag used on Read Temp event

Temperature requirement
is set on here

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You can find the temperature result on this page Display Magnus Tag Data page under Tag
Inventory

Temperature
read

The returned value of On Chip RSSI S3 tag should be within a range (details can be found on
official Magnus S3 document) otherwise the temperature accuracy will be affected. The target
range of On Chip RSSI can be set on Profile page as shown below. If the received “On Chip
RSSI” from S3 tag out of the defined range, the temperature result will not show on Display
Magnus Tag Data page. Correcting the problem, you need to adjust the reader power or the
distance between reader antenna and S3 tag

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Here is the operation profile Read Temp Magnus S3 used on event Read Temp.
The tag model Magus S3 was chosen in this operation profile, correct model of tag must
match the using one otherwise you can’t read the temperature

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10 Read Tag using CSL Unified API

The CS463 can be controlled via the Ethernet. In this case user needs to connect the PC with
CS463 with a Ethernet cable directly or via a router, or via the Wi Fi network.
Log in to the reader with User name root and password csl

Change the access mode to CSL_API then click Set to apply the change

Click “Set” to
apply the change

At this point, you can logout from reader and start the Demo application

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Below is the screen capture of a Demo application, which is also available for download from
Convergence website (www.convergence.com.hk), on PC controlling CS463.
Highlight the CS463 reader which are going to connect then click Connect

Click Reader bar to

highlight the reader

PC Application Screen – controlling CS463 via Ethernet or Wi Fi

Click “Connect” to
connect to the reader

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Below shows the main menu of the PC Demo application. User can perform typical basic tag
operations via this PC Demo application as mentioned below.

 Inventory
 Tag memory bank read and write
 GPIO On/Off control
 Antenna port settings
 Output power settings

Click “Setup” to
change reader
configuration

Main menu of PC Demo application

Go to Setup Page to modify the setting of reader to match hardware connection such as which
ports were connected with antenna

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Go to Antenna Port Config to configure which port was connected with antenna

Click here to change

antenna port
configuration

Click corresponding antenna port which was connected with antenna, and change the state to
Active state

Click here to change the state to

active also index # 0 is mapped
to physical antenna port 1

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Go to Inventory Config page and change all inventory related parameter such as session, target
and algorithm

Click apply to confirm the changing

After the configure the reader, inventory can be started to read tags

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Click the “Inventory” icon to go the corresponding sub-menu as below.

Click here going to

inventory sub-menu

Click Run to start the inventory tags reading

Inventory operation using PC Demo application

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11 Read Tag using LLRP V1.1 API

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Download the LLRP application from CSL website and unzip got follow files

Files in Inventory Example directory

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Download XML editor (XML Notepad) from Microsoft

https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/download/details.aspx?id=7973

Edit the file setReaderConfig.xml by xml Notepad

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There are 4 antenna port, so, there are 4

corresponding AntennaProperties and
AntennaConfiguration need to be set

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Edit setReaderConfig.xml to specify which antenna port to be used

Any using port with

connected antenna
need to set 1

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Edit setReaderConfig.xml to change transmit power, session and tag population

The transmit power, session and tag population need to be set for each antenna port

Power index from 0 to 88.

Real power = (power index *
2.5 + 100) / 10 dBm

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Edit setCustomInventoryMode.xml to change the target and inventory algorithm

First byte Format: Mode: 0 = Toggle AB (default); 1 = Target A; 2 = Target B (Hex #, 1 bytes)
Second byte Format: inventory algorithm: 0 = fixed Q; 1 = Dynamic Q (default) (Hex #, 1
bytes)
For Example: Set Toggle AB and Dynamic, data should be “0001”

Set the target and

inventory algorithm

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Edit setCustomDwell.xml to change the dwell time

Antenna port 2 and 3 dwell

time set to 1s
(0x3E8)=1000ms, ports 0
and 1 dwell time set to 1s
(0x2710)=10000ms

Start dos command prompt by typing cmd on window

Change the working directory to LLR software located

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Run the command InvExample with reader IP as below

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Inventory result shown as below

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12 Read Tag using CS461 High Level API

(CSL HTTP/XML API)

To be added

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13 Read Tag using CS461 Low Level API

(MACH1 API)

 Change the access mode to CS461 Low Level API

 Unzip package and start the Mach1 PC software by double click the
CS463Mach1Samples

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 Click Connect to connect to reader

 Input correct IP address and operation Region of the connecting reader

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 Go to Antenna Setting page

 Select the corresponding antenna ports which connected with antenna, going to use this
port to read tags, also set the correct RF transmitting power

 Go to Gen2 Parameters page

 Set up inventory related parameters include session, mode (modulation Profile),
Inventory Search Mode(Target A or Target A/B) and tag population

Click OK to confirm the change

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 Select Inventory on Commands tab then click “Start”

Click “Start” to start

the selected action

Select “Inventory”
for reading tags

 Tags reading result shown on below

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 Click Stop to stop the inventory

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14 Read Tag using CS108 Bluetooth API

Change the reader access mode to CS108 Bluetooth API as shown below

Click “Set” to confirm the

changing access mode

Click Set to confirm the changing

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Using Android Phone with Play store and search application with keyword CS108 C# as below

Select this one to

install

Select the CS108 C# Demo to install

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After the CS108 C# Demo application installation successful, the software icon can be found
on phone main page as below

Select this software to

run

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After running CS108 C# Demo application, below screen should appear

Press here to find available

CS463 reader

Select “Press to Scan/Connect Reader to find available CS463 reader

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All available reader can be found in this page as below and select the right one to connect

Press right reader to connect,

also, the signal strength is
stronger if the reader is close to
you comparing all available
reader. Please make sure the
Reader ID is LESS than 21
characters long !!!!

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Press OK to confirm the connection

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CS108 C# Demo main page is shown as below and detail operation can be found on CS108
operation manual available on CSL Web page
You can select Inventory page to read tags
Remark: Ensure Antenna was connected on Reader before starting to read Tags

Press here to start reading

tags

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Available tags was shown below after you press the Start Inventory

Press here to Start/Stop

reading tags

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15 Read Tag using Custom Embedded RFID

Change the access mode to Custom Embedded RFID

Click Set to confirm the change

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Input the Embedded RFID application path and its command in this page as shown below, the
application will run once the access mode changed to “Custom Embedded RFID”

Select this page to input

command path and it
command

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16 Demo Source Codes for Download

The source codes are available on below link
https://www.convergence.com.hk/downloads/cs463/

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17 Historical Firmware Versions

The following are lists of historical firmware versions of each firmware:

Web Application:

Version Number Date Description

JNI Library:

Version Number Date Description

Patch:

Version Number Date Description

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CSL Unified API Library (Daemon):

Version Number Date Description

CS461 Low Level API (MACH1) Library:

Version Number Date Description

LLRP Library:

Version Number Date Description

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CS108 Bluetooth API Library:

Version Number Date Description

CSL C# Demo App:

Version Number Date Description

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Appendix A: Federal Communications

Commission Compliance

The CS463 model has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a class B digital
device, pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable
protection against harmful interference when the equipment is operated in a commercial
environment. This equipment generates, uses and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not
installed and used in accordance with the instructions, may cause harmful interference to radio
communications. However, there is no guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular
installation. If this equipment does cause harmful interference to radio or television reception,
which can be determined by turning the equipment off and on, the user is encouraged to try to
correct the interference by one or more of the following measures:
 Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna
 Increase the separation between the equipment and receiver
 Consult the dealer or an qualified radio/TV technician for assistance

FCC NOTICE:

To comply with FCC part 15 rules in the United States, the system must be professionally
installed to ensure compliance with the Part 15 certification. It is the responsibility of the
operator and professional installer to ensure that only certified systems are deployed in the
United States. The use of the system in any other combination (such as co-located antennas
transmitting the same information) is expressly forbidden.

This Class B digital apparatus complies with Canadian ICES-003.

Cet appareil numérique de la classe B est conforme à la norme NMB-003 du Canada.

Note:
Changes or modifications not expressly approved by the party responsible for compliance
could void the user’s authority to operate the equipment.

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Appendix B: Reader Modes (Link Profiles)

There are 4 link profiles in the CSL Intelligent Fixed Readers: 0, 1, 2, 3. Only 1 profile is
active at any time. The purpose of each link profile is explained below. These definitions
correspond to different application or physical scenarios. The user should try out each profile to
see which one gives best performance. Some profiles are not allowed in some countries due
to band edge emission issue.

Reader Mode/ 0 1 2 3
Link Profile

Definition Best Multipath Longest Read Read Range Maximum

Fading Range, Dense and Throughput
Resistance Reader Mode Throughput,
Dense Reader
Mode
R-T Modulation DSB-ASK PR-ASK PR-ASK DSB-ASK
Tari (μs) 25.00 25.00 25.00 6.25
X 1.00 0.50 0.50 0.50
PW (Pulse Width in usec) 12.50 12.50 12.50 3.13
RTcal (usec) 75.00 62.50 62.50 15.63
TRcal (usec) 200.00 85.33 71.11 20.00
DR (Divide Ratio) 8 64/3 64/3 8
T-R Modulation FM0 Miller-4 Miller-4 FM0
TRExt 1 1 1 1
Link Frequency(LF) 40 250 300 400
(KHz)
Data Rate (Kbps) 40 62.5 75 400

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Appendix C: Sessions
Session is a concept of the EPC Global Standard to allow a tag to respond to multiple readers
inventorying it at the same time, each using a different session number.

There are 4 possible sessions: S0, S1, S2, S3.

The user however has to be careful because these 4 sessions have different behaviors, notably
how the tag flag “persists” in time. A tag, before being inventoried or when just after being
powered on, has a flag of State A. When it is inventoried, the flag will go to State B. The tag
flag will stay in State B until the tag powers off or the persistence time is up.

A reader can declare it only wants to inventory flag A, so that after a tag is inventoried and its
flag gone to State B, it will no longer respond to further inventory rounds – until the end of the
persistence time.

Now for S0, S1, S2 and S3, the persistence times are DIFFERENT! Because of that, one has to
be very careful in choosing which session to use.

Session Tag Flags Persistence Time

S0 Tag Energized: indefinite

Tag Not Energized: none

S1 Tag Energized: 0.5 second < Persistence Time < 5 seconds

Tag Not Energized: 0.5 second < Persistence Time < 5 seconds

S2 Tag Energized: indefinite

Tag Not Energized: 2 seconds < Persistence Time

S3 Tag Energized: indefinite

Tag Not Energized: 2 seconds < Persistence Time

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Appendix D: Tag Population and Q

Tag Population is the RFID tag population that is to be inventoried. To be more precise, it is the
population of tags that can be “seen” by the RFID reader.

Q is an EPC Global Standard concept related to the way a group of tags is inventoried.
When a reader broadcasts its desire to inventory tags, it sends out a Q value. The tag will,
based on that Q, calculate a certain number and define that as the number of repeated
inventories the reader will do. Basically, the relationship of Inventory Repeats and Q is:

Inventory Repeats = 2Q

The tag will then choose by random a certain number less than this Inventory Repeats. When
the reader starts doing inventory, the tag will then respond at that repeat number.

In other words, the Inventory Repeats should correspond to Tag Population:

Tag Population = Inventory Repeats = 2Q

For example, if there are 8 tags, then in theory the Q can be 3, and if each tag chooses a
number different from that of the other 7 (miraculously, of course), then the 8 tags will be
inventoried in an orderly manner in turn.

Of course this will never happen, as the tags will easily choose a number the same as that of
another one, and a collision will occur.

Therefore, it is a normal practice to have a bigger Q, such as 4 in this case, so that the 8 tags
would have a lower chance of choosing the same number.

Therefore, reversing the equation, ideally, we can have:

Q = INTEGER(LOG2(Tag Population))

But in reality, we need some headroom, so that:

Q = INTEGER(LOG2(Tag Population x 2)+1

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Appendix E: Query Algorithm

There are 2 types of Query Algorithm: Fixed Q and Dynamic Q.

For Fixed Q, the Q value does not change. In other words, the expected Tag Population does
not change.

For Dynamic Q, the Q value changes adaptively: when there are a lot of inventory repeats
where no tags respond, the reader will interpret that there are not that many RFID tags in the
front environment, and hence it is more efficient to change the Q to a smaller value. When
there are a lot of inventory repeats where the reader receives data but they do not satisfy
checksum, meaning there is heavy collision, then the reader will interpret that there are too
many RFID tags in the environment and hence it is better to increase the value of Q.
Dynamic Q algorithm is a way to allow the RFID reader to adapt to different amount of RFID
tags being seen by the reader. The idea is that if there are a smaller number of tags in the
environment, then the Q can be reduced and the reader can collect all the tag data faster.

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Appendix F: Target
Target refers to the target flag that the reader wants to inventory. There are 2 possible flags of
an RFID tag: State A and State B.

When an RFID tag is first powered up, it has a flag of State A. After it is inventoried, the state
of the flag becomes State B.

The tag will only go back to State A if either it is powered off and powered on again, or if its
persistence time has run up (See Appendix B).

For each round of inventory, the reader sends out a notification to the environment which tag
flag state it wants to inventory. It can inventory State A, or it can inventory State A and State B
alternatively from one round of inventory to the next round of inventory.

In theory, it is a good thing to inventory only State A. The reason being that those tags that
have been inventoried should not respond again, and will hence quickly reduce the amount of
collisions between tags. Generally in practice if you set inventory to State A only, the inventory
of large amount of tags can be faster.

The only catch is that when a tag responds to the reader, it does not know another tag is
colliding with it. It sends out the response and thinks it has done the job, hence transitioning to
flag State B. So in such a case, the tag will not respond to further inventory queries by the
reader, even though its response has been lost due to collisions. Because of that, sometimes the
user will set the inventory to target State A in one inventory round, and then State B in the next
round, and vice versa, and so on. This is called A/B Toggle or A & B Dual Target or simply
Dual Target.

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 USER'S MANUAL, VERSION 2.1

Appendix G: Receiver Amplifier Gain Values

The receive path has many amplifiers and their gain can be configured also.

There are 4 parameters:

RF LNA High Compression Mode: 0 or 1 (default is 1)

RF LNA Gain: 1 dB, 7 dB, or 13 dB (for 13 dB, RF LNA High
Compression Mode must be 0) (default is 1 dB)
IF LNA Gain: 24 dB, 18 dB, 12 dB, or 6 dB (default is 24 dB)
AGC Gain: -12 dB, -6 dB, 0 dB, 6 dB (default is -6 dB)

If one has to read tags that are far away, or tags that are heavily blocked, then increasing the RF
LNA Gain may help.

However, if tags can be very close to the antenna, then one may need to check if the increased
LNA Gain cause saturation of the LNA. To check, just put a tag at a distance that is closest
possible to the antenna during the site’s specific business scenario, and see if that tag can be
read properly.

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 USER'S MANUAL, VERSION 2.1

Appendix H: TagFocus

TagFocus is a special Impinj extension to EPC protocol to enable longer persistence time when
Session is S1, Target is Flag A only (no toggle). This combination setting is traditionally used
to inventory a lot of tags. However, since the normal persistence time of this combination as
defined by EPC is only 2 to 5 seconds, so when this time is up, the tag will still go back to Flag
A. Therefore, depending on how many tags the reader can read during this period of 2 to 5
seconds, the inventory will be very fast up to a certain limit and then will become very slow.

For Impinj IC based tags, this TagFocus property, when invoked, will cause the tag to stay in
Flag B a much longer time, until the end of all inventory rounds. This will enable much faster
read when you need to read more than 1000 tags, for example.

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 USER'S MANUAL, VERSION 2.1

Appendix I: FastID

FastID is a special Impinj extension to EPC protocol. By setting this, an inventory of Bank 1
EPC will have both Bank 1 EPC and Bank 2 TID coming back together in a simple inventory.
The PC value is automatically modified – specifically the first 5 bits that contain the encoded
EPC length. Since the added TID makes the whole return values longer, therefore this first 5
bits of PC is always made larger. The reader always captures the data based on the 5 bits of
PC, so it simply grabs a longer number. The user will then need to separate the EPC and the
TID bits – the length of which is known a priori because the TID Bank 2 length of Impinj tag
IC is known.

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Appendix J: Security

There are 4 actions you can apply on the memory inside an RFID tag:

1) Lock
2) Unlock
3) Permanent Lock
4) Permanent Unlock

You can obtain an EPC Global document which can be downloaded from the EPC Global
website that explains this:
https://www.gs1.org/epcrfid/epc-rfid-uhf-air-interface-protocol/2-0-1.
Once there, press the button showing the latest air interface protocol document and click on it
to get the pdf file.

Click the
latest Air
Interface
Protocol
document

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 USER'S MANUAL, VERSION 2.1

For the Access Password and Kill Password the security locking affects both reading and
writing.

For the EPC memory bank and the User memory bank, the security locking affects only
writing.

For the TID memory bank, since we are the user and not the manufacturing vendor, there is no
security action that can be applied. It has been permanently unlocked in the factory and it
cannot be changed.

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 USER'S MANUAL, VERSION 2.1

Appendix K: Models & Regulatory Region

There are various models, denoted by the alphanumeric key to the right of the dash after the
CSXYZ-N, here denoted by “N”. The applicable regulatory regions for each model are
described below:

N=1: 865-868 MHz for Europe ETSI, Russia, Mid-East countries – 4 channels
865-867 MHz for India – 3 channels
N=2: 902-928 MHz, FCC, for USA, Canada and Mexico. Hopping frequencies locked
N=2 AS: 920-926 MHz, Australia. Hopping frequencies locked
N=2 NZ: 921.5-928 MHz, New Zealand. Hopping frequencies locked
N=2 OFCA: 920-925 MHz, Hong Kong. Hopping frequencies locked
N=2 RW: 920-928 MHz, Rest of the World, e.g. Philippines, Brazil, Peru, Uruguay,
Bangladesh, etc.
N=4: 922-928 MHz, Taiwan
N=6: 917-920.8 MHz, South Korea
N=7: 920-925 MHz, China
N=8: 916.7-920.9 MHz, Japan
N=9: 915-921 MHz, Europe Upper Band

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 USER'S MANUAL, VERSION 2.1

Appendix L: Technical Support

All technical support should be sent to the following email:

[email protected]

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