Chapter No.

13 Sampling and Sampling Distributions

Q.1 An auto analyst is conducting a satisfaction survey, sampling from a list of 10,000 new
car buyers. The list includes 2500 Suzuki buyers, 2500 Hyundai buyers, 2500 Honda
buyers, and 2500 Toyota buyers. The analyst selects a sample of 400 car buyers by
randomly sampling 100 buyers of each brand. Is this an example of a simple random
sample?
(a) Yes, because each buyer in the sample was randomly selected
(b) Yes, because each buyer in the sample had an equal chance of being selected.
(c) Yes, because buyers of every brand were equally represented in the sample
(d) No, because every possible sample of 400 buyers did not have an equal chance of
being chosen.
Q.2 From a given finite population, samples are drawn with replacement. If the sample size is
increased from 10 to 100. The standard error would:
(a) Decrease by 90% (b) Decrease by 21.62%
(c) Decrease by 68.38% (d) Decrease by 31.62%
Q.3 A sample of 100 employees of a firm had a mean weight of 170 pounds with a standard
deviation of 5 pound. Which of the following sample sizes will result in a confidence
interval of the mean ±1 pound for this data at the 90% confidence interval?
(a) 3 (b) 280
(c) 20 (d) 68
Q.4 Which of the following statement/s is/are correct in regards the sampling distribution of
the mean?
(i) The sampling distribution of the mean is a normal distribution
(ii) The mean of the sampling distribution is the same as the mean of the population
(a) Both statements are correct (b) Both statements are not correct
(c) Only statement (i) is correct (d) Only statement (ii) is correct
Q.5 Which of the following statement/s is/are correct about random sample?
(i) It is bias free sample
(ii) It is not suitable for investigators who are interested in issues related to subgroups
of a population.
(a) Both statements are correct (b) Both statements are not correct
(c) Only statement (i) is correct (d) Only statement (ii) is correct
Q.6 Which of the following statement/s is/are correct about sampling distribution?
(i) The mean of a sampling distribution is the same as the mean of the population
(ii) Sampling distribution is symmetrical about its mean

(a) Both statements are correct (b) Both statements are not correct
(c) Only statement (i) is correct (d) Only statement (ii) is correct

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 Chapter No. 13 Sampling and Sampling Distributions

Q.7 Which of the following statement/s as regards to Normal distribution is/are correct?
(i) Both tails of the distribution approach and meet the horizontal axis at a finite but
high value
(ii) Lower standard deviation leads to a flatter curve
(a) Both statements are correct (b) Both statements are not correct
(c) Only statement (i) is correct (d) Only statement (ii) is correct
Q.8 From a given finite population, samples are drawn with replacement. If the sample size is
decreased from 70 to 45. The standard error would:
(a) Increase by 25% (b) Increase by 21.62%
(c) Increase by 24.72% (d) Increase by 75.28%
Q.9 Which of the following statement/s is/are correct about random sample?
(i) It is bias free sample
(ii) Where every member of the population has an equal chance of being selected as a
member of the sample
(a) Both statements are correct (b) Both statements are not correct
(c) Only statement (i) is correct (d) Only statement (ii) is correct
Q.10 Which of the following statement/s about Sampling distribution of the means is/are
correct?
(i) The standard deviation of the sampling distribution is called standard error.
(ii) The standard deviation of the sampling distribution of the mean is the same as the
standard deviation of the population.
(a) Both statements are correct (b) Both statements are not correct
(c) Only statement (i) is correct (d) Only statement (ii) is correct
Q.11 Consider the following sample: 4.5, 4.9, 5.2, 5.6, 6.2
With 95% confidence level, the population mean is between?
(a) 3.94 & 6.62 (b) 5.92 & 6.08
(c) 4.47 & 6.09 (d) 5.22 & 6.08
Q.12 A sample of 100 employees of an entity had a mean weight of 170 pounds with a
standard deviation of 5 pound. Which of the following sample sizes will result in a
confidence interval of the mean ±3 pound for this data at the 95% confidence interval?
(a) 3 (b) 280
(c) 11 (d) 68
Q.13 Which of the following statement/s is/are correct in regards the sampling distribution of
the mean?
(i) The sampling distribution of the mean is not a normal distribution

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 Chapter No. 13 Sampling and Sampling Distributions

(ii) The standard deviation of the sampling distribution of the mean is the same as the
standard deviation of the population.
(a) Both statements are correct (b) Both statements are not correct
(c) Only statement (i) is correct (d) Only statement (ii) is correct
Q.14 Which of the following statement/s is/are correct about random sample?
(i) It is bias free sample
(ii) Unequal chance of selection
(a) Both statements are correct (b) Both statements are not correct
(c) Only statement (i) is correct (d) Only statement (ii) is correct
Q.15 Which of the following about cluster sampling is/are correct?
(i) It is type of multistage sampling.
(ii) It is useful when all data of individuals of population are not given.
(a) Both statements are correct (b) Both statements are not correct
(c) Only statement (i) is correct (d) Only statement (ii) is correct
Q.16 A pharmaceutical company sent its terms into rural areas of the country to interview all
mothers with children under 2 years of age. The selected sample is an example of:
(a) Cluster sampling (b) Systematic sampling
(c) Stratified sampling (d) Quota sampling
Q.17 The process of making an interval based sample observations containing unknown value
of the population parameter with a known probability is called
(a) Point estimation (b) Interval Estimation
(c) Stratified sampling (d) Random sampling
Q.18 Which of the following is correct about sampling distribution?
i. Sampling distribution of mean is a Normal Distribution about its mean
ii. The mean of the sampling distribution is the same as the mean of population
(a) Only statement 1 is correct (b) Only statement 2 is correct
(c) Both statements are correct (d) None of the above are correct
Q.19 A company has 1000 customers. The customer service office of the company selected a
customer at random from the first 10 customers on the list of customers. Thereafter he
selected every10th customer from the list and called them to get feedback on the services
offered by the company. This is an example of -----------.
(a) Random sampling (b) Quota sampling
(c) Systematic sampling (d) Multi stage sampling
Q.20 A sample of 100 male ICAP students had a mean height of 170cm with a standard
deviation of 8cm.We can be 95% sure that the population mean is between:

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 Chapter No. 13 Sampling and Sampling Distributions

(a) 168.43 to 171.57 (b) 173.32 to 198.67

(c) 109.45 to 786.56 (d) 168.43 to 179.77
Q.21 A dock uses a mechanical shovel to load grain. A random sample of 500 scoops of the
shovel has a mean weight of 520kg and a standard deviation of 30 kg. Calculate te
sample size that will result in a confidence interval of the mean ± 5 kg at the 95%
confidence interval.
(a) 138 (b) 172
(c) 109 (d) 179
Q.22 A sample of 100 male ICAP students had a mean height of 170cm with a standard
deviation of 8cm.We can be 99% sure that the population mean:
(a) 167.94 to 172.06 (b) 173.32 to 198.67
(c) 109.45 to 786.56 (d) 168.43 to 179.77
Q.23 A random sample of a large organization claimed an average of Rs. 576 as medical
expense during a month with a standard deviation of Rs. 300. Find a 90% confidence
interval for the means medical expense of the organization during that month. Given:
Z0.10 = 1.645
(a) 493.75 to 658.25 (b) 167.94 to 172.06
(c) 173.32 to 198.67 (d) 109.45 to 786.56
Q.24 Find a 95% confidence interval for the mean of a normal population if a random sample
of 16 values with mean 41.5 inches and standard deviation 9 inches is drawn from this
population.
(a) 37.09 to 45.91 (b) 173.32 to 198.67
(c) 109.45 to 786.56 (d) None of these
Q.25 The mean monthly income of a random sample of 256 middle level managers of an
organization was Rs. 45,420 with sample standard deviation of Rs. 2,050.
(i) What is the point estimate of mean income of all middle level mangers?
(a) Rs.45,420 (b) Rs.40,000
(c) Rs. 33,500 (d) 42,700
(ii) Find Standard error.
(a) 128 (b) 134
(c) 271 (d) 396
(iii) What is the 95% confidence interval of mean income of this group?
(a) 45168 to 45671 (b) 45000 to 47800
(c) 43298 to 653976 (d) 45168 to 47800
Q.26 A sample of 100 male ICAP students had a mean height of 170cm with a standard
deviation of 8cm. Calculate the sample size that will result in a confidence interval
95%of the mean ± 1cm for this data.

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 Chapter No. 13 Sampling and Sampling Distributions

(a) 246 (b) 269

(c) 290 (d) 375
Q.27 In measuring reaction time, a psychologist estimated that the standard deviation is 0.05
second. How large a sample of measurements must he take in order to be 95% confident
that the error in his estimate of mean reaction time will not exceed 0.01 second?
(a) 96 (b) 100
(c) 90 (d) 89
Q.28 What is the definition of sampling?
(a) A process or method of drawing a representative group of individuals or cases
from a particular pupation
(b) A process of arranging population
(c) A process of finding probabilities
(d) All of these
Q.29 A survey is made in Karachi on 100,000 people regarding that daily consumption level of
water
(a) 100,000 people is sampling and Karachi city is population
(b) 100,000 people is population and Karachi city is sample
(c) 100,000 people is sample and no population
(d) None
Q.30 A business researcher wanted to evaluate the eating habits of England residents from a
rural site, such mothers which have less than 3 babies. The sampling used for the purpose
is called:
(a) Stratified sampling (b) Cluster sampling
(c) Systematic sampling (d) Multistate sampling
Q.31 A company has 250 employees and issue 200 forms to its employees to give feedback on
its products but only 180 employees gave feedback. What is sample size
(a) 250 (b) 20
(c) 180 (d) None
Q.32 If the sample size decreases from 75 to 40 the standard error would be?
(a) Increase by 36.93% (b) Increase by 46.17%
(c) Increase by 32.81% (d) Increase by 29.73%
Q.33 From a given finite population samples are drawn with replacement. If the sample size is
decreased from 70 to 50, the standard error would:
(a) Increase by 18.32% (b) Increase by 15.48%
(c) Increase by 14.14% (d) Increase by 8.37%

Q.34 Sample size increase from 40 to 75 find change in standard error

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 Chapter No. 13 Sampling and Sampling Distributions

(a) 27.97% (b) 26.97%

(c) 25.77% (d) 30.97%
Q.35 If n = 300, male = 109. Find 95% confidence interval of male student in college.
(a) 30.9% ……… 41.73% (b) 35.9% …….. 41.73%
(c) 25.9% ……… 41.73% (d) 20.9% …….. 41.73%
Q.36 Random sample 49 items, Variance 90. Find standard error?
(a) 12.85 (b) 3.59
(c) 1.355 (d) 0.19
Q.37 Sampling is used to test hypothesis about
(a) Sample mean (b) Population mean
(c) Sample standard deviation (d) None
Q.38 Cluster sampling is an example of
(a) Random sampling (b) Non random sampling
(c) Probability sampling (d) Non probability sampling
Q.39 When population is heterogeneous, best suitable method for sampling is:
(a) Cluster sampling (b) Quota Sampling
(c) Stratified sampling (d) Systematic sampling
Q.40 A study of voting chose 663 registered voters at random shortly after an election. Of
these, 72% said they had voted in the elections. Election records show that only 56% of
registered voters voted in the election. Which of the following statements is true about
the boldface numbers?
(a) 72% is a parameter and 56% is a statistic.
(b) 72% is a sample and 56% is a population
(c) 56% is a parameter and 72% is a statistic
(d) 72% and 56% both are parameter
Q.41 With a sample size of 900, the standard error is 3. What should be the sample size so that
we could be 95% confident that the population mean is within 4 of the sample mean?
(a) 2000 (b) 2050
(c) 1945 (d) 1900
Q.42 The president of national cardiac association (NCA) wants to determine the average
number of minutes that patients of each doctor walks per day. He randomly selected 30
doctors and advised each of them to poll 50 of their patients at random and submit the
main number of walk minutes per day to the NCA. The sample size for NCA will be:
(a) 30 (b) 50
(c) 1500 (d) 80

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Q.43 Which of the following as regards random sample is INCORRECT?

(a) It can be cumbersome when sample is to be obtained from unusually large
population
(b) It is not suitable for investigators who are interested in issues related to subgroups
of population
(c) It is a bias free sample
(d) It is a sample in which every member of population has unequal chance of being
selected
Q.44 The process of making an interval based on sample observations containing unknown
value of the population parameter with a known probability is called
(a) Point estimation (b) Interval Estimation
(c) Stratified sampling (d) Random sampling
Q.45 If the population size is infinite or N is large as compared to n, then the finite population
correction factor will be approximately equal to:
(a) Zero (b) One
(c) Infinite (d) None of these
Q.46 If n = 10 and N = 1000 the value of finite population correction factor (fpc) is:
(a) 0.9909 (b) 1
(c) 0.9954 (d) None of these
Q.47 If N = 4, n = 2, 𝜇 = 5.25; 𝜎2 = 2.1875 then the values of 𝜇𝑥̅ and 𝜎𝑥̅ if sampling is done
without replacement:
(a) 5.25 and 1.2076 (b) 5.25 and 0.8539
(c) 5.25 and 0.729 (d) None of these
2
Q.48 If n = 2, 𝜇 = 5.25 and 𝜎 = 2.1875 then the values of 𝜇𝑥̅ and 𝜎𝑥̅ if sampling is done with
replacement, are:
(a) 5.25 and 1.09375 (b) 5.25 and 1.0458
(c) Cannot be determined (d) None of these
Q.49 From a given population with 𝜎 =5.6 kilograms samples were drawn with replacement,
how may the standard error of the mean change, when the sample size is increased from
64 to 196:
(a) Reduced from 0.7 to 0.4 (b) Increased from 0.4 to 0.7
(c) Reduced from .0875 to .0286 (d) Increased from 0.028 to 0.08
Q.50 From a given population with 𝜎 =5.6 kilograms samples were drawn with replacement,
how may the standard error of the mean change, when the sample size is decreased from
784 to 49:
(a) Decreased from 0.8 to 0.2 (b) Increased from 0.2 to 0.8
(c) Increased from 0.0071 to 0.114 (d) Decreased from 0.114 to 0.0071

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Q.51 A sampling process that selects every 𝑘th element in the population for the sample, with
the starting point determined at random from the first k elements is known as:
(a) Sample random sampling (b) Stratified random sampling
(c) Systematic random sampling (d) None of these
Q.52 Which of the following statement(s) is/are true?
1. Sample is a group of items or observations taken from the population for
examination or experiment.
2. Sampling frame is a list of all the members of the population used as a basis for
sampling.
3. Cost saving is one of the advantages of sampling.
4. Time saving is not an advantage of sampling.
Q.53 ____________ sampling relies on arranging the target population according to some
ordering scheme and then selecting elements at regular intervals through that ordered list.
(a) Systematic (b) Random
(c) Stratified (d) Cluster
Q.54 A statistic is used as the basis of an estimate of a ____.
(a) Sample (b) Population
(c) Parameter (d) Mean
Q.55 A population consists of five numbers. How many samples of size two can be drawn
from this population with replacement?
(a) 25 (b) 2
(c) 10 (d) 20
Q.56 By how much will standard error change if sample size increases from 100 to 121
(a) Decrease by 9.09% (b) Increase by 21%
(c) Cannot be determined with available data (d) Increase by 9.09%
Q.57 A machine produces certain component, sample of 40 such components was found to
have mean of 380 and standard deviation of 100. Calculate 99% confidence limits for the
overall production.
(a) 339.21 to 420.79 (b) 380 to 420
(c) 334.6 to 415.7 (d) 333.25 to 416.2
Q.58 Compute confidence interval for the following data:
1. Confidence level: 95%
2. Standard error: 0.8
3. Sample mean: 5
(a) 3.3 to 4.3 (b) 3.43 to 6.57
(c) 3.5 to 7.5 (d) 3.2 to 6.2

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Q.59 Compute confidence interval for the following data:

1. Confidence level: 95%
2. Standard error: 0.8
3. Sample mean: thrice of standard error
(a) 0.832 to 3.968 (b) 0.5 to 3.5
(c) 1.832 to 2.832 (d) 1.832 to 4.832
Q.60 What happens to confidence interval if confidence level is increased?
(a) Increases (b) Decreases
(c) Remains unchanged (d) Cannot be determined
Q.61 What happens to confidence interval if confidence level is decreased?
(a) Increases (b) Decreases
(c) Remains unchanged (d) Cannot be determined
Q.62 What will happen to standard error of mean if sample size is decreased?
(a) Increases (b) Decreases
(c) Remains unchanged (d) Cannot be determined
Q.63 The hypotheses which is to be tested for possible rejection is
(a) Simple (b) Composite
(c) Null (d) Alternative
Q.64 Find 90% confidence interval for the mean of normal distribution of a sample of size 8
having the values 9, 14, 10, 12, 7, 13, 11, 12
(a) 9.07 to 15.98 (b) 9.49 to 15.98
(c) 9.49 to 12.51 (d) 9.07 to 12.99
Q.65 Standard Error is directly proportional to?
(a) Sample size (b) Population size
(c) Standard deviation (d) Mean
Q.66 The difference between a statistic and parameter is called:
(a) Random error (b) Population error
(c) Sampling error (d) Systematic error
Q.67 ________ is the standard deviation of a sampling distribution
(a) Variance (b) Population
(c) Standard error (d) Statistic
Q.68 S.D of the sampling distribution of sample mean of size 25 if population SD is 5?
(a) 5 (b) 1
(c) 25 (d) 0.2

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Q.69 What must be the value of σ if 𝜎𝑥̅ = 20 and n = 25:

(a) 1000 (b) 100
(c) 500 (d) 4
Q.70 A single value used to estimate the unknown value of a population parameter is called:
(a) Point estimate (b) Point estimator
(c) Interval estimate (d) Interval estimator
Q.71 A procedure by which we obtain a single number from the sample information that serves
as an estimate of population parameter is known as:
(a) Point estimation (b) Interval estimation
(c) Z- Testing (d) T- Testing
Q.72 The observations from a simple random sample are 51, 25, 20, 7, 35 and15. It is known
that the population is normally distributed. If an interval estimate of the population mean
is to be made on the basis of the given information, then which of the following
probability distribution will be more appropriate for making estimate?
(a) Normal distribution
(b) T – distribution with 6 degree of freedom
(c) T – distribution with 5 degree of freedom
(d) Z - test
Q.73 For a random sample collected from a population the following details are available:
∑ x 2 = 1850 , ∑ x = 160 and n = 16. What is the estimated standard error of the
mean?
(a) 1.02 (b) 1.98
(c) 2 (d) 4

{ Hint for Q73. √ 1

𝑛−1
[ ∑ 𝑥2 −
(∑ x)2
𝑛
] as S is unbiased }
Q.74 A random sample of 300 items has a standard deviation of 25. Calculate the standard
error of the mean
(a) 1.24 (b) 1.34
(c) 1.44 (d) 1.54
Q.75 A random sample of 300 light bulbs manufactured by a company is taken. The life of
these bulbs can be summarized as follows:
Σx = 450,000
Point estimate of populations mean for the life of these bulbs is:
(a) 1,500 hours (b) 2,000 hours
(c) 2,500 hours (d) 3,000 hours

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Q.76 A random sample of 400 items has a standard error of the mean of 1.25. Calculate the
standard error of the mean if sample increases by 10%
(a) 1.09 (b) 1.19
(c) 1.29 (d) 1.39
Q.77 A population consists of following values:
2, 4 and 10
List down all possible samples of size 2 if sampling is done with replacement
(a) (2, 4), (2, 10), (2, 2), (4, 2), (4, 4), (4, 10), (10, 2), (10, 4) and (10, 10)
(b) (2, 4), (2, 10), (4, 2), (4, 10), (10, 2) and (10, 4)
(c) (2, 4), (2, 10) and (4, 10)
(d) None of the above
Q.78 The best estimate of the proportion of success in the population is the proportion of
successes in the sample
(a) True (b) False
Q.79 The 98% confidence interval for a data was found to be 45 < μ < 50. Find standard error
of mean
(a) 1.07 (b) 1.08
(c) 1.09 (d) 1.10
Q.80 Interval estimate is not a guarantee that actual population mean will lie within the
mentioned range
(a) True (b) False
Q.81 Consider following interval estimate:
-80 < μ < -70
Identify lower confidence limit
(a) -80 (b) -70
(c) -75 (d) None of the above
Q.82 100,000 adults were randomly selected from all over Karachi and asked whether they
drink atleast 10 glasses of water each day. Only 45% percent said yes. The population
and sample in data is:
(a) Population: 45% adults who drink atleast 10 glasses of water Sample: 100,000
selected adults
(b) Population: all adults in Karachi Sample: 45% adults who drink atleast 10
glasses of water
(c) Population: all adults in Karachi Sample: 100,000 selected adults
(d) None of these
Q.83 In a sample of 500 people 215 of them were males. Estimate the population proportion at
the 95% confidence level.
(a) 0.387 to 0.423 (b) 0.487 to 0.473
(c) 0.387 to 0.473 (d) None of these

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Q.84 A 90% confidence interval for height of trees at a particular forest is found to be 12.33 ≤
μ ≤ 19.67. Which of the following statement is true about sample mean used to compute
above interval estimate?
1. Sample mean will be more than 19.67 or less than 12.33
2. Sample mean cannot be computed due to limited information
3. To compute sample mean we must also know standard deviation and sample size
above data
4. Sample mean can easily be computed as arithmetic mean of the two confidence
limits
(a) 1 only (b) 2 only
(c) 1 and 3 (d) 4 only

Q.85 In which of the following conditions will standard error be equal to 1.

(a) When standard deviation is twice of sample size
(b) When sample size is twice of standard deviation
(c) When sample size is square of standard deviation
(d) When standard deviation is square of sample size
Q.86 A class teacher put every students name into a jar and then chose four names from jar to
participate in a sports event. This is an example of ____ sampling method
(a) Cluster (b) Quota
(c) Systematic (d) Random

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M. SHOAIB(M.Phil) PRC-2-QM