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Assignment-Energy and matter

The document explains the macroscopic properties of solids, liquids, and gases using kinetic theory, highlighting that solids have tightly packed molecules that vibrate, liquids have more space and flow past each other, and gases have the most space and move freely. It also distinguishes between osmosis and diffusion, noting that diffusion involves solute movement from high to low concentration while osmosis involves water movement through a selectively permeable membrane. Additionally, it discusses three energy transfer methods: conduction (heat transfer through contact), convection (heat transfer through fluid movement), and radiation (heat transfer via electromagnetic waves).

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Shivnarine Chaitram
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4 views

Assignment-Energy and matter

The document explains the macroscopic properties of solids, liquids, and gases using kinetic theory, highlighting that solids have tightly packed molecules that vibrate, liquids have more space and flow past each other, and gases have the most space and move freely. It also distinguishes between osmosis and diffusion, noting that diffusion involves solute movement from high to low concentration while osmosis involves water movement through a selectively permeable membrane. Additionally, it discusses three energy transfer methods: conduction (heat transfer through contact), convection (heat transfer through fluid movement), and radiation (heat transfer via electromagnetic waves).

Uploaded by

Shivnarine Chaitram
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Question 1:

Explain the different macroscopic properties of solid, liquid and gas using the kinetic theory.

According to the kinetic theory, Liquids have a bit more space in-between each molecule than solids. Liquid
molecules also move a bit faster than solids, and they will simply flow past other molecules within the
container. As a result, liquids will tend to take the shape of the container which holds them, but the volume of a
liquid is not typically affected by the container.

Gas molecules have the most space in-between molecules. These molecules also move the fastest out of the
three phases (the three phases being solid, liquid, and gas). With the speed at which gas molecules move, they
can overcome any attractive forces that would hold the molecules together in close proximity. As a result, gases
move about wildly and take on both the shape and volume of the container that holds them.

Molecules that make up a solid are thought to be very relatively tightly packed molecules. These molecules will
gently sway in place without changing physical locations. In general, they are not affected by the shape or
volume of the container that is holding them. They do not move about, but slightly vibrate.
Question 2:
With the use of diagrams, explain the difference between osmosis and diffusion.

Diffusion is the movement of particles form an area of high concentration to an area of lower concentration
because of kinetic energy in the particles whereas, osmosis is the movement water from an area of high
concentration through a selectively permeable membrane to an area of low concentration. From the diagram, it
can be observed that diffusion deals with the solute and osmosis deals with the solvent (water). Diffusion
operates freely, while osmosis operates through a semi-permeable membrane.
Question 3:
Discuss three energy transfer methods. Provide at least one example in everyday life for each method
discussed.
Three energy transfer methods are:
 Conduction
 Convection
 Radiation
Conduction is the transfer of heat through physical contact. It occurs when you place an iron in the fire, and
touches that iron. The heat energy is transferred by the fire to the iron, then to the hand through contact. This
transfer occurs at the molecular level—from one body to another—when heat energy is absorbed by a surface
and causes the molecules of that surface to move more quickly. In the process, atoms bump into their
neighboring atoms and transfer the energy to them, a process which continues as long as heat is still being
added.
Convection is the process of heat transfer by the bulk movement of molecules within fluids such as gases and
liquids. The initial heat transfer between the object and the fluid takes place through conduction, but the bulk
heat transfer happens due to the motion of the fluid. The way, how this works is that the cold fluid sinks since
its denser and the warm fluid rises since its lighter and the process is repeated, thus transferring energy.
Examples would be using a fan on a hot day.
Radiation is process by which energy, in the form of electromagnetic radiation, is emitted by a heated surface in
all directions and travels directly to its target without the use of a medium unlike the other two transfer methods.
Example of this transfer is getting warmer when sitting next to a fire.

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