Solution chemistry

1. The alcohol, HOCH2(CH2)6CH2OH, with two OH groups is only slightly soluble in

water. A similar alcohol of the form, CH3(CH2)6CH2OH, with only one OH group
would be expected to:

a. have the same solubility in water as alcohol with two OH groups.

b. be less soluble in water than the alcohol with two OH groups.
c. be more soluble in water than the alcohol with two OH groups.
d. be less soluble in a nonpolar solvent such as dichloroethane.

2. Assume that incremental amounts of a volatile solute are added to a solvent so

that the mole fraction of solute varies from 0 to 1. A plot of the partial
pressure of the solute vs. mole fraction of solute will:

a. be linear with slope equal to the vapor pressure of the pure solute.
b. be linear with slope equal to the vapor pressure of the pure solvent.
c. be linear with slope equal to the sum of the vapor pressures of pure
solvent and pure solute.
d. vary exponentially with the mole fraction of the solute.

3. Which of the following best explains why it takes LONGER to cook an egg in
Denver, Colorado (atmospheric pressure = 720 mm Hg) than in West Lafayette,
Indiana (atmospheric pressure = 755 mm Hg)?

a. The boiling point of water is lower in Denver than in West Lafayette.

b. The boiling point of water is higher in Denver than in West Lafayette.
c. There is less hydrogen bonding between water molecules in Denver
than in West Lafayette.
d. The molecular weight of water in Denver is higher than in West
Lafayette.

4. In recitation, you constructed a microscopic representation of a solute

dissolved in a solvent. Which of the following diagrams provides a microscopic
representation for a volatile liquid solute dissolved in a volatile liquid solvent?
5. Carboxylic acids are compounds that contain a "CO2H" group. Which of the
following carboxylic acids will be the LEAST SOLUBLE in water?

6. When gaseous ammonia, NH3 (g), is dissolved in water, the resulting solution
does not obey Henry's Law (i.e., it is not an ideal solution). Which of the
following best explains why this solution does not obey Henry's Law?

a. All of the NH3 that initially dissolves in the water rapidly escapes from
the solution because NH3 is a gas at room temperature.
b. NH3 reacts with the solvent to produce ammonium and hydroxide ions.
c. NH3 is not soluble in water because it is a non-polar molecule.
 d. The hydrogen bonding between ammonia molecules is so strong that
NH3 cannot be dissolved in water.

7. Which of the following pairs of properties are both colligative properties?

a. freezing point, density

b. freezing point, vapor pressure
c. boiling point, color
d. vapor pressure, molality

8. Commercial, topical solutions of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2, MW = 34 g/mol) are

used for disinfecting wounds because H2O2 is a good oxidizing agent (which kills
bacteria). What is the MOLARITY of such a solution if it contains 3.0% by mass
of H2O2 in water? The density of the solution is 1.00 g/mL.

a. 0.088 M
b. 0.30 M
c. 0.88 M
d. 1.0 M

9. Potassium iodide reacts with iodine in aqueous solution to form the triiodide
ion:

KI(aq) + I2(aq) --> KI3(aq)

What would happen if we added CCl4 (nonpolar) to this reaction?

a. The KI would tend to dissolve in the CCl4 layer.

b. The I2 would tend to dissolve in the CCl4 layer.
c. Both KI and I2 would dissolve in the CCl4 layer.
d. Neither KI nor I2 would dissolve in the CCl4 layer.

10. The melting point of pure benzene is 278.70 K and the molal freezing point
depression constant is 4.90 K/molal. When 4.20 g of an unknown solute is
added to 100 g of benzene, the freezing point of the solution is 277.60 K. What
is the molecular weight of the unknown?

a. 226 g/mol
b. 187 g/mol
c. 128 g/mol
d. 18.7 g/mol

11. 0.400 mole of CCl4 and 0.600 mole of CHCl3 are mixed at 43oC. The vapor
pressure of pure CCl4 at this temperature is 0.354 atm and the vapor pressure
 of pure CHCl3 at this temperature is 0.526 atm. What is the vapor pressure of
the solution?

a. 0.285 atm
b. 0.423 atm
c. 0.457 atm
d. 0.526 atm

12. A 7.00 g sample of a nonelectrolyte is dissolved in 45.0 g of water. If pure

water freezes at 0.00oC and the solution freezes at -2.56oC, calculate the
molecular weight of the nonelectrolyte. For water, kf = 1.86 oC/m.

a. 11.3
b. 62.1
c. 113
d. 345

13. Which solution will have a higher boiling point: A solution containing 105
grams of sucrose (C12H22O11) in 500 grams of water or a solution containing 35
grams of sodium chloride in 500 grams of water?

a. Sucrose
b. NaCl
c. Water
d. None of the above

14. Calculate the osmotic pressure associated with 50.0 g of an enzyme of

molecular weight 98,000 g/mol dissolved in water to give 2600 mL of solution
at 30.0 oC.

a. 0.484 torr
b. 1.68 torr
c. 1.96 torr
d. 3.71 torr

15. What is the freezing point of an aqueous 1.00 m NaCl solution? (K f = 1.86 oC/m)
(Assume complete dissociation of the salt.)

a. -1.86 oC
b. +1.86 oC
c. -3.72 oC
d. -0.93 oC
16. What are the ideal van't Hoff factors for the following compounds:
Ba(OH)2, C6H12O6, K3PO4, HNO3 ?

a. 1, 1, 1, 1
b. 2, 1, 2, 2
c. 3, 1, 4, 2
d. 6, 3, 5, 5

17. Which observation(s) reflect(s) colligative properties?

(I) A 0.5 m NaBr solution has a higher vapor pressure than a 0.5 m BaCl 2
solution.
(II) A 0.5 m NaOH solution freezes at a lower temperature than pure water.
(III) Pure water freezes at a higher temperature than pure methanol.

a. only I
b. only II
c. only III
d. I and II

18. What is the molality of a solution labeled "8.6% glucose (C6H12O6) by weight?"
(Note: If the question does not give the solvent, assume it is water.)

a. 0.26 m
b. 0.34 m
c. 0.44 m
d. 0.52 m

19. Calculate the Molar Mass of an ionic substance with a van't Hoff factor of
2.000, that, when 29.25 g of it is dissolved in 1.000 kg of water, the freezing
point of the water drops by 1.860 °C. (The molal freezing point depression
constant for water is 1.860 °C/m).

a. 1.000
b. 2.000
c. 58.50
d. 29.25

20. On mixing two liquids an exothermic heat change is observed. What can be
said of the mixture?

a. It is ideal
b. It exhibits positive deviation
c. It exhibits negative deviation
 d. Inter-molecular bonds have been broken

21. Which of the following, when added to the same amount of water, will give the
greatest lowering of freezing point?

a. 1.5 moles of sucrose

b. 1.5 moles of ethanoic acid
c. 0.75 moles of Iron (III) chloride
d. 0.75 moles of Sodium Chloride

22. At 25.0 °C the osmotic pressure of a 0.0100 M solution of a compound is 0.466

atm. Calculate the approximate van't Hoff factor.

a. 1.00
b. 2.00
c. 3.00
d. 4.00

23. Pick the pair of substances that will most likely obey Raoult's law.

a. CH3CH2CH2CH2COOH(l) and C5H12(l)

b. C5H12(l) and H2O(l)
c. CH3CH2CH2CH2COOH(l) and H2O(l)
d. C5Hl2(l) and C6H14(l)

24. Calculate the mole fraction of toluene in a solution having a density of 0.876
g/mL formed by mixing 10.00 g of toluene, C7H8 (MW = 92.15 g/mol) in 195.0 g
of benzene, C6H6 (MW = 78.12 g/mol).

a. 0.0417
b. 0.109
c. 0.958
d. 1.00

25. ALL colligative properties:

a. increase with increasing solute concentration.

b. decrease with decreasing solute concentration.
c. are dependent on the type of solvent and independent of the type of
solute.
d. are independent of the type of solvent and dependent on the type of
solute.
26. Two beakers of capacity 500 mL were taken. One of these beakers, labelled as
A, was filled with 400 mL water whereas the beaker labeled B was filled 400
 mL of 2 M solution of NaCl. At the same temperature both the beakers were
placed in closed containers of same material and same capacity as shown in
figure

At a given temperature, which of the following statement is correct about the

vapour pressure of pure water and that of NaCl solution.
(1) vapour pressure in container A is more than that in container B
(2) vapour pressure in container A is less than that in container B
(3) vapour pressure is equal in both the containers.
(4) vapour pressure in container B is twice the vapour pressure in container A.
27. The density (in g mL-1) of a 3.60 M sulphuric acid solution having 29% H2SO4
(molar mass = 98 g mol-1) by mass, will be
(1) 1.64 (2) 1.88 (3) 1.22 (4) 1.45
28. Which of the following aqueous solutions should have the highest boiling
point?
(1) 1.0 M NaOH (2) 1.0 M Na2SO4 (3) 1.0 M NH4NO3 (4) 1.0 M KNO3
29. 25 mL of a solution of barium hydroxide on titration with 0.1 molar solution
of hydrochloric acid gave a litre value of 35 mL. The molarity of barium
hydroxide solution was
(1) 0.14 (2) 0.28 (3) 0.35 (4) 0.07
30. The vapour pressure of benzene at a certain temperature is 640 mm Hg. A
non-volatile, non-electrolyte solute weighing 2.175 g, is added to 39.0 g of
benzene. The vapour pressure of the solution is 600 mm Hg. What is the
molecular weight of the solid substance?
(1) 6.96 (2) 65.3 (3) 63.8 (4) None of these
31. In a 0.2 molal aqueous solution of a weak acid HX, the degree of ionisation is
0.3. Taking Kf for water as 1.85, the freezing point of the solution will be
nearest to
(1) -0.360 oC (2) -0.260 oC (3) +0.480 oC (4) -0.480 oC
32. The freezing point 0.1 M solution of glucose is -1.86 oC. If an equal volume of
0.3 M glucose solution is added, the freezing point of the mixture will be
(1) -7.44 oC (2) -5.58 oC (3) -3.72 oC (4) -2.79 oC
33. At 10 oC, the osmotic pressure of urea solution is 500 mm. The solution
is diluted and the temperature is raised to 25 oC. The osmotic pressure of
 dilute solution is 105.3 mm at 25 oC. The extent of dilution can be shown
as
(1) Vfinal = 5 Vinitial (2) Vinitial > Vfinal
(3) Vfinal = 4 Vinitial (4) Vfinal = 6 Vinitial
34. The vapour pressure of a solvent decreases by 10 mm of mercury. When a
non-volatile solute was added to the solvent, the mole fraction of the solute in
the solution is 0.2. What should be the mole fraction of the solvent, if the
decrease in vapour pressure is to be 20 mm of mercury?
(1) 0.8 (2) 0.6 (3) 0.4 (4) 0.7
35. The relative lowering of vapour pressure of an aqueous solution containing a
non-volatile solute is 0.0125. The molality of the solution is
(1) 0.69 (2) 0.50 (3) 0.80 (4) 0.40
36. 12 g of a non-volatile solute dissolved in 108 g of water produces the relative
lowering of vapour pressure of 0.1. The molecular mass of the solute is
(1) 80 (2) 60 (3) 20 (4) 40
37. A 5.2 molal aqueous solution of methyl alcohol, CH3OH, is supplied. What is
the mole fraction of methyl alcohol in the solution?
(1) 0.100 (2) 0.190 (3) 0.086 (4) 0.050
38. The melting point of pure benzene is 278.70 K and the molal freezing point
depression constant is 4.90 K/molal. When 4.20 g of an unknown solute is
added to 100 g of benzene, the freezing point of the solution is 277.60 K.
What is the molecular weight of the unknown?

a. 226 g/mol
b. 187 g/mol
c. 128 g/mol
d. 18.7 g/mol

39. 0.400 mole of CCl4 and 0.600 mole of CHCl3 are mixed at 43oC. The vapor
pressure of pure CCl4 at this temperature is 0.354 atm and the vapor pressure
of pure CHCl3 at this temperature is 0.526 atm. What is the vapor pressure of
the solution?

a. 0.285 atm
b. 0.423 atm
c. 0.457 atm
d. 0.526 atm

40. A 7.00 g sample of a nonelectrolyte is dissolved in 45.0 g of water. If pure

water freezes at 0.00oC and the solution freezes at -2.56oC, calculate the
molecular weight of the nonelectrolyte. For water, kf = 1.86 oC/m.
 a. 11.3
b. 62.1
c. 113
d. 345

41. Calculate the osmotic pressure associated with 50.0 g of an enzyme of

molecular weight 98,000 g/mol dissolved in water to give 2600 mL of solution
at 30.0 oC.

a. 0.484 torr
b. 1.68 torr
c. 1.96 torr
d. 3.71 torr

42. What is the freezing point of an aqueous 1.00 m NaCl solution? (K f = 1.86
o
C/m) (Assume complete dissociation of the salt.)

a. -1.86 oC
b. +1.86 oC
c. -3.72 oC
d. -0.93 oC

43. What are the ideal van't Hoff factors for the following compounds:
Ba(OH)2, C6H12O6, K3PO4, HNO3 ?

a. 1, 1, 1, 1
b. 2, 1, 2, 2
c. 3, 1, 4, 2
d. 6, 3, 5, 5

44. What is the molality of a solution labeled "8.6% glucose (C6H12O6) by weight?"
(Note: If the question does not give the solvent, assume it is water.)

a. 0.26 m
b. 0.34 m
c. 0.44 m
d. 0.52 m

45. Calculate the mole fraction of toluene in a solution having a density of 0.876
g/mL formed by mixing 10.00 g of toluene, C7H8 (MW = 92.15 g/mol) in 195.0 g
of benzene, C6H6 (MW = 78.12 g/mol).
a. 0.0417
b. 0.109
c. 0.958
d. 1.00