What is the Internet?

The Internet is a globally connected network system facilitating worldwide communication and access to
data resources through a huge collection of personal, public, business, academic, and government
networks. it’s governed by agencies just like the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (or IANA) that
establish universal protocols.

What is WWW?
World Wide Web (WWW), by the name Web, is the leading information retrieval service of the web (the
worldwide computer network). Online gives users access to a huge array of documents that are
connected to every other by means of hypertext or hypermedia links—i.e., hyperlinks, electronic
connections that link related pieces of data so as to permit a user quick access to them. Hypertext allows
the user to pick a word or phrase from text and thereby access other documents that contain additional
information concerning that word or phrase.

Difference Between the Internet and WWW:

INTERNET WWW

Internet is a global network of networks. WWW stands for World wide Web.

Internet is a means of connecting a World Wide Web which is a collection of

computer to any other computer anywhere information which is accessed via the
in the world. Internet.

WWW is service on top of that

Internet is infrastructure.
infrastructure.

Web can be viewed as collection of books

Internet can be viewed as a big book-store.
on that store.

At some advanced level, to understand we At some advanced level, to understand

can think of the Internet as hardware. we can think of the WWW as software.

Internet is primarily hardware-based. WWW is more software-oriented as

INTERNET WWW

compared to the Internet.

English scientist Tim Berners-Lee

It is originated sometimes in late 1960s.
invented the World Wide Web in 1989.

Internet is superset of WWW. WWW is a subset of the Internet.

The first version of the Internet was known In the beginning WWW was known as
as ARPANET. NSFNET.

Internet uses IP address. WWW uses HTTP.

S.
No. Parameters Web Browser Web Server

Web Browser is an
Application program that
A web server is a program
displays a World wide
or the computer that
1. Basics web document. It
provide services to other
usually uses the internet
programs called client.
service to access the
document.

The Web server accepts,

The Web browser
approves, and responds to
requests the server for
2. Function the request made by the
the web documents and
web browser for a web
services.
document or service.

3. Responsibility A web browser is a The web server is

programme that uses responsible for connecting
S.
No. Parameters Web Browser Web Server

websites to search the websites and web

internet for information. browsers.

The web server is a

The web browser acts
software or a system which
as an interface between
maintain the web
4. Interface the server and the client
applications, generate
and displays a web
response and accept
document to the client.
clients data.

Components of web
Components of web server
browser architecture- a
Components of architecture- hardware,
5. controller, client
architecture operating system software,
program, and
and Web server software.
interpreters.

The web browser sends The web server gets HTTP

HTTP request
6. an HTTP request and requests and sends HTTP
and response
gets an HTTP response. responses.

There exist three types of

Doesn’t exist any
Processing processing models for web
7. processing model for the
Model servers i.e Process-based,
web browser.
Thread based, and Hybrid.

Web browser stores the Web servers provide an

8. Storing data cookies for different area to store and organize
websites. the pages of the website.

The web server can be a

remote machine placed on
The web browser is the other side of your
9. Installation installed on the client’s network or even on the
computer. other end of the globe, or it
is your very own personal
computer at home.
 S.
No. Parameters Web Browser Web Server

Examples of Web
browsers are Mozilla An example of a Web
10. Examples
Firefox, Google Chrome, Server is Apache Server.
and Internet Explorer.

Client Server Communication Process

The client and the server are the first two evident participants in client server communication.

We need to have a basic understanding of the following subjects to comprehend how these two

couples communicate:

Requests: Requests are sent from the client to the server to inform it of events, such as a user

wishing to log in using his credentials or to ask the server for data, such as files.

Response: A server’s response to a client request is sent to the client as a message. This might,

for instance, be the outcome of an authentication.

Service: a particular task the server makes available to the client for use, such as downloading an

image.

Types of Client Server Architectures

Client server architecture consists of the following four types:

1-Tier Structure
In a 1-tier architecture, the user interface, business logic, and data logic are all on the same

system. Because the client and server are on the same system, the environment is straightforward

and inexpensive, but the variation in the data necessitates repetitive effort. These systems keep

their data in a shared driver or a local file. The MP3 player and MS Office files are two examples

of 1-tier apps.

2-Tier Structure

Due to the lack of a server in between, the 2-tier design offers the greatest performance

environment. While the database is on the server side, the user interface is client-side. Both the

client and server end can store the database and business logic.

The design is known as a fat client-thin server architecture if both sit at the client end. On the

other hand, the design is known as a thin client-fat server architecture if both sit at the server end.

A two-tier architecture is typically used in online ticket reservation systems.

3-Tier Structure

A middleware is a component of the three-tier architecture that facilitates communication

between the client and the server. Despite being pricey, it is quite simple to use. The middleware

enhances flexibility and performance. The data logic and business logic are stored there. The 3-

tier architecture’s three layers are:

 (Client tier) Presentation Layer

  (Business tier) Application Layer

 (Data tier) Database Layer

In almost all cases, a 3-tier design is used in online applications.

N-Tier Structure

The scaled-down version of the three-tier architecture is the n-tier architecture. The processing,

data management, and presentation functions are separated into distinct layers in such a setting.

The system is simple to run and maintain because of the isolation. This also goes by the name of

“multi-tier architecture.”

HTML
HTML stands for HyperText Markup Language. It is the standard language used to create and structure
content on the web.

HTML is a markup language, not a programming language, meaning it annotates text to define how it is
structured and displayed by web browsers.

It forms the building blocks of all websites and is complemented by CSS for style and JavaScript for
interactivity.

In a nutshell, HTML is all about organizing and displaying information on a webpage. We can think of it
as the bones or structure of a webpage.

Features of HTML
It is easy to learn and easy to use.

It is platform-independent.

Images, videos, and audio can be added to a web page.

Hypertext can be added to the text.

It is a markup language.

 <!DOCTYPE html> – This is the document type declaration, not a tag. It

declares that the document is an HTML5 document.
Applications of HTML
HTML (HyperText Markup Language) is a fundamental technology used to create and structure web
pages. It is widely used in various applications, making it an essential skill for web developers. Here
are some of the key applications of HTML:

Web Pages Development

HTML is the backbone of web development, used to create and structure web pages. It allows
developers to include different sections, insert tables, and split web pages. With the introduction of
HTML5, semantic elements like <nav> , <section> , and <article> have made it easier for
developers to understand and modify code1.

Navigating the Internet

HTML facilitates navigation between web pages using hyperlinks. The <a> tag is used to create
links that allow users to click and navigate to different pages. This enhances user experience and
increases website traffic1.

Responsive Designs

HTML, combined with CSS, enables the creation of responsive web designs that automatically
adjust to different screen sizes and devices. The <meta> tag and CSS properties
like width and viewport help achieve responsiveness1.

Storage Function in the Browser

HTML5 introduced features like localStorage and sessionStorage that allow data to be
stored in the browser without expiration dates. This makes it easier to save user data and
preferences between sessions1.

Data Entry Support

HTML5 provides various input elements like <form> , <input> , <select> , and <textarea> to
facilitate data entry. These elements, combined with JavaScript, enable validation and enhance user
interaction1.

Creation of Web Documents

HTML is used to create web documents with a structured format. The Document Object Model
(DOM) represents the structure of HTML documents, allowing developers to manipulate elements
and attributes dynamically1.
Game Development
HTML5 offers features like the <canvas> element, which allows developers to create interactive
games directly in the browser. JavaScript can be used to draw graphics, insert images, and create
animations1.

Offline Web Applications

HTML5 enables the creation of offline web applications using a cache manifest file. This allows
users to access web applications even without an internet connection by storing necessary files
locally1.

Advantages of HTML
 HTML is used to build websites.
 It is supported by all browsers.
 It can be integrated with other languages like CSS, JavaScript, etc.
Disadvantages of HTML
 HTML can only create static web pages. For dynamic web pages, other
languages have to be used.
 A large amount of code has to be written to create a simple web page.
 The security feature is not good.

GET Method

The GET method is used to request data from a server without altering its state. It appends
parameters to the URL, making it suitable for retrieving non-sensitive data. GET requests can be
cached, bookmarked, and stored in browser history. However, they have length restrictions and
should not be used for sensitive data as the data is exposed in the URL.

POST Method

The POST method sends data from the client to the server to create or update resources. It stores
data in the request body, making it suitable for secure data transfer. POST requests are not cached,
bookmarked, or stored in browser history, and they have no restrictions on data length.