UNIT -6 SDN Use Cases

1Write a short note on Data Center Orchestration.

Data center orchestration streamlines tasks and processes in a
data center, akin to conducting an orchestra. It automates
repetitive manual tasks, ensuring efficiency and reducing
errors.

Imagine a band where each instrument plays its unique role

but blends harmoniously to create beautiful music. Similarly, in
a data center, various software programs work together
seamlessly, orchestrated to achieve a common goal.

The aim of data center orchestration is to optimize data center

operations, particularly as more data moves to the cloud. By
automating tasks like server setup and resource allocation, it
enables faster deployment of applications and enhances
overall responsiveness.

Key benefits of data center orchestration systems include

rapid deployment of resources in both public and private
clouds, shorter response times to business demands, and
streamlined management of data transfers between processes
and applications.

Common orchestration tools like Chef, Docker, Puppet,

Ansible, and Vagrant facilitate automation and configuration
management, empowering system administrators to efficiently
manage data center environments.

2)Enlist the salient features of Floodlight Controller.

Developed in Java, Floodlight facilitates software
customization and application development for developers.
Includes REST APIs for simplified programmable interaction,
with coding samples available on the Floodlight website.
Tested with physical and virtual OpenFlow-compatible
switches, allowing seamless integration with existing
resources.
Compatible with OpenStack software toolset for creating and
managing cloud computing platforms.
Can function as the network backend for OpenStack, offering
a networking-as-a-service model through its REST API
exposed by a Neutron plugin.

3)Explain in detail Bandwidth calendaring.

Bandwidth calendaring is a service enabled by software-
defined networking (SDN) that optimizes the utilization of
network resources by forecasting future traffic demands and
efficiently allocating bandwidth accordingly. This entails
scheduling and routing network requests to minimize costs
over a specified time frame. SDN's programmable data planes,
controlled from a logically centralized controller, allow network
operators and service providers to dynamically adjust
connections based on fluctuating demands. Bandwidth
calendaring addresses two types of bandwidth needs:
unpredictable spikes in traffic and sustained high-volume data
transfers. Requests for bandwidth reservations can be flexible
and arranged within a predetermined time window,
accommodating delays and varying requirements. By utilizing
a calendar of requests and establishing traffic engineering
tunnels, network operators can efficiently allocate resources to
meet changing bandwidth demands. The ultimate goal is to
maximize the volume of traffic accepted while minimizing
network costs, especially when resources are limited.

4)Explain in detail Juniper SDN. (Diagram)

Juniper Networks utilizes SDN technology obtained from
Contrail Systems, which functions as a virtualized route
reflector.
The SDN controller supports an OpenStack API mapping to its
internal service creation APIs and employs a high-level data
model with a REST API for SDN applications.
A data center orchestration application depicted in the
diagram configures virtual routers on hosts to connect overlay
instances across the network underlay.
The SDN controller operates as a multi-node system with
subsystems for analytics, configuration, and control, ensuring
high availability, scalability, and extensibility.
The analytics module supports querying and storing statistics,
while the configuration module compiles high-level data model
requests into low-level data model implementations.
The control module manages network state distribution using
BGP and collects management information from agents via an
XMPP channel, facilitating horizontal scalability and
interoperability with existing networks.

5)Write a short note on Open Daylight Controller.

OpenDaylight Controller is a Software Defined Network (SDN)
application that operates as JVM software, compatible with
any hardware and operating system that supports Java.
It utilizes tools such as Maven for build automation, OSGi
framework for dynamic loading of bundles, Java interfaces for
event listening and specifications, and REST APIs for
northbound communication.
Applications interact with the controller using open northbound
APIs, enabling bidirectional REST and OSGi framework
communication.
The controller supports multiple southbound plugins, including
OpenFlow 1.0, OpenFlow 1.3, BGP-LS, etc., dynamically
linked into a Service Abstraction Layer (SAL).
SAL exposes services for modules developed north of it,
ensuring flexibility and adaptability regardless of underlying
protocols used between the controller and network devices.
OpenDaylight Project (ODL) is an open-source SDN effort
aimed at improving SDN through community-led and industry-
supported development, offering multi protocol and modular
features to meet diverse requirements.
6)Explain in detail IETF SDN Framework.
SDNRG (IRTF SDN Research Group) at IETF 86 discussed
various SDN-related solutions including Network Function
Virtualization (NFV) and the Forwarding and Control Element
Separation (ForCES) protocol.
SDNRG's investigation coincided with the initiation of SDN-
related initiatives by IETF working groups such as Interface to
the Routing System (I2RS) and Network Virtualization Overlays
(NVO3).
I2RS focused on enabling intelligent network programmability
through standard interfaces between IP routers and SDN
controllers.
NVO3 addressed the separation of control and data planes in
Data Center Virtual Private Networks (VPNs) to enhance
network scalability.
Path Computation Element (PCE) and ALTO (Application-Layer
Traffic Optimization) were discussed to improve SDN
management and traffic optimization respectively.
Unlike a unified SDN architecture, IETF concentrates on
specific protocol specifications through Working Groups,
contributing to Internet standards and RFCs.