SOUTHERN MINDANAO COLLEGES

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

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A MODULE FOR CALCULUS 2
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Compiler:

ENGR. JUMAR D, DIMPAS

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 About this Module

The Southern Mindanao Colleges, College of Engineering, by the guidelines

provided by the Commission on Higher Education (CHED) and by the current world
pandemic crisis. This module will be the student’s guide for the implemented distant
learning for the NEW NORMAL CURRICULUM.

The College of Engineering will be using modules for each course.

This module is composed of multiple units based on the lessons prepared by

the instructor. And the learning materials will be distributed to the students
periodically. Activities and assessments will be collected by the course instructor
regularly.

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Course Description

Concept of integration and its application to physical problems such as evaluation of areas,
volumes of revolution, force, and work; fundamental formulas and various techniques of
integration applied to both single variable and multi-variable functions; tracing of functions of two
variables.

Course Objectives/Outcomes:
After completing this course, you shall be able to:

1. Properly carry out integration through the use of the fundamental formulas and/or the various
techniques of integration for both single and multiple integrals;

2. Correctly apply the concept of integration in solving problems involving evaluation of areas,
volumes, work, and force;

3. Sketch 3-dimensional regions bounded by several surfaces; and

4. Evaluate volumes of 3-dimensional regions bounded by two or more surfaces through the use
of the double or triple integral.

References:
1. Differential and Integral Calculus by Feliciano and Uy
Policies during Modular Class
1. During modular class, the student must have a copy of learning materials provided by the
course instructor.
2. The students should be aware about the deadlines of their course compliance base on the
given information in the module. Failure to comply will have an equivalent of zero for that
specific classwork.
3. If plagiarism is proven by the instructor during classwork, an equivalent of zero will be
given for that specific work, quizzes or exams.
4. The student should always follow up their modules for an activity or classwork for a
particular topic and for the distribution of another set of modules.

Weekly hours accomplished is 3 Hours for this 3 Units Course.

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 Prelim Period
(4 Weeks)

At the end of this module, you will be able to:

1. Identify the difference between differentiation and integration and the basic integration
formulas
2. Use Integration by substitution as another techniques in integration.
3. Solve problems in Integration of Exponential Functions

Week 1 (Topics)

The Indefinite Integral

We will start our study of inverse of differentiation and its various applications. We have learned
that differentiation is the process of finding the derivative or differential of a given function.
Clearly, we expect its inverse to be the process of finding the function whose derivative or
differential is given. The inverse of differentiation is called integration. Many of the important
applications of calculus depend on this operation.
Supposed the derivative or differential of a function is given, how can be the function found? For
instance, what function has for its derivative 3x 2 or for its differential 3x2dx? For our experience
𝑑
with differentiation, we know that 𝑑𝑥 (𝑥 3 ) = 3x2 or d(x3)=3x2 dx., hence our answer to the equation
above is x3. But that is not the only possible answer. Recalling that the derivative of a constant is
zero, we may also give the following functions as valid answers:
x3 + 4 or x3 – 14 or x3 + √2
Thus we see that there is no unique answer to the question above. However, one thing quite
noticeable from the possible answers above is that, the functions differ by a constant. In fact, it can
be proved that if two functions have the same derivative, their difference is constant. Thus, if we
let C be any constant, then we may write x3 + C as our general answer.
The function x3 + C is called the antiderivative or the integral of x3. The process of finding
antiderivative is called antidifferentiation. We shall use the term integral in place of
antiderivative and integration instead of antidifferentiation. We may define integration as the
process of finding the function whose derivative or differential is given.
To denote the process of integration , the symbol ʃ is used. Since d(x3 + C) = 3x2 dx, then the
statement “the integral of 3x2 is x3 + C” can be expressed symbolically as

∫ 3x 2 dx = x 3 + C

Since C has no known value, the expression ʃ 𝟑𝒙𝟐 dx is called an indefinite integral. In general,
the indefinite integral of a function f(x) is denoted by ʃ f(x)dx and defined symbolically as
follows:

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Equation(1.1) ʃ f(x)dx = F(x) + C if dF(x) = f(x)dx.
We call the symbol ʃ the integral sign, f(x) the integrand, C the constant of integration and F(x)
+ C the value of indefinite integral of ʃ f(x)dx the differential dx indicates that x is the variable
of integration.
Here are the basic integration formulas:
1. ∫ 𝑑𝑢 = 𝑢 + 𝐶

2. ∫(𝑢 + 𝑣 )𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 𝑢𝑑𝑥 + ∫ 𝑣𝑑𝑥

3. ∫ 𝑎𝑢𝑑𝑥 = 𝑎 ∫ 𝑢𝑑𝑥

𝑢𝑛 +1
4. ∫ 𝑢𝑛 𝑑𝑢 = + 𝐶, where n≠-1
𝑛+1

𝑑𝑢
5. ∫ = ln 𝑢 + 𝐶
𝑢

Important remarks on integration formulas

1. Formula (2) can be extended to the sum of any finite number of differentials.
2. Formula (3) tell us that a constant may be moved across the integral sign. (Note: you
cannot do this to variable).
3. Formula (4) is used for finding the integral of power of a function. Note that it holds for
any real number n except n= -1. Note further that if u=x, it simplifies that

𝑥𝑛 + 1
∫ 𝑥 𝑛 𝑑𝑢 = +𝐶
𝑛+1

Example 1. Evaluate ∫(5𝑥 4 + 3𝑥 2 + 6)𝑑𝑥

Solution:

We will integrate each term, so we now have:

∫(5𝑥 4 + 3𝑥 2 + 6)𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 5𝑥 4 𝑑𝑥 + ʃ 3𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 + ʃ 6𝑑𝑥 by F(2)

= 5 ∫ 𝑥 4 𝑑𝑥 + 3 ∫ 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 + 6 ∫ 𝑑𝑥 by F(3)
5𝑥 5 3𝑥 3
= + 𝑐1 + + 𝑐2 + 6𝑥 + 𝑐3 by F(4), F(1)
5 3

= 𝑥 5 + 𝑥 3 + 6𝑥 + (𝑐1 + 𝑐2 + 𝑐3 )

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 = 𝒙𝟓 + 𝒙𝟑 + 𝟔𝒙 + 𝑪 Ans.

Where C = c1 +c2 +c3

Example 2. Evaluate ∫(3𝑥 + 4)2 𝑑𝑥

We can solve this by multiplying the given by itself because of its power which is 2. So we now
have:

∫(3𝑥 + 4)2 𝑑𝑥 = ∫(9𝑥 2 + 24𝑥 + 16) 𝑑𝑥

= ∫ 9𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 + ∫ 24𝑥 𝑑𝑥 + ∫ 16 𝑑𝑥 by F(2)

= 9 ∫ 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 + 24 ∫ 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 + 16 ∫ 𝑑𝑥 by F(3)
9𝑥 3 24𝑥 2
= + + 16𝑥 + 𝐶 by F(4) and F(1)
3 2

= 3𝒙𝟑 + 𝟏𝟐𝒙𝟐 + 𝟏𝟔𝒙 + 𝑪 Ans.

4 2
Example 3. Evaluate ∫ (𝑥3 + 𝑥) 𝑑𝑥

Note: Remember the law of zero and negative exponent in algebra.

4 2 2
∫( 3
+ ) 𝑑𝑥 = ∫(4𝑥 −3 + ) 𝑑𝑥
𝑥 𝑥 𝑥
2
= ∫ 4𝑥 −3 𝑑𝑥 + ∫ 𝑑𝑥 by F(2)
𝑥
𝑑𝑥
= 4 ∫ 𝑥 −3 + 2 ∫ by F(3)
𝑥
4𝑥 −2
= + 2 ln 𝑥 + 𝐶 by F(4) and F(5)
−2

= −2𝑥 −2 + 2𝑙𝑛𝑥 + 𝐶
𝟐
= − 𝒙𝟐 + 𝟐𝒍𝒏𝒙 + 𝑪 Ans.

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