Benghazi University
Faculty of Engineering
Electrical and Electronics Engineering Department
Basic Electric Circuit Laboratory II
EE282
Benghazi University
Faculty of Engineering
Electrical and Electronics Engineering
Department
Basic Electric Circuit Laboratory II
EE282
Experiment Number(2)
Experiment Name: Step response of RC circuit
Students Name: --------------------علي ونيس علي الحداد---------------------------
Students Number: ----------------------------30442------------------------------
Group Number: ----------(1)----------- Day: ---------Thursday---------
Date: ----------19/12/2024------------- Time: -------8:30/10:30--------
Instructors:--------------عمادالدين عبدهللا الفيتوري.أ--------------
---------------------------خديجة الطيرة.أ--------------
Introduction: This experiment talks about how to find the value of the
changing voltages in the circuit and how to provide certain conditions in the
circuit by changing the values of the resistors and capacitors, or rather changing
the time constant to achieve the desired condition.
Theoretical background: It involves understanding the principles of circuit
analysis, especially in the presence of resistors and capacitors. Theoretical
concepts such as Ohm's law, Kirchhoff's laws, and the time constant in RC
circuits play a crucial role. In addition, the theory of exponential charging and
discharging in capacitors provides insight into how circuit components interact
and influence voltage changes with respect to time. This basic knowledge helps
predict and explain the dynamic behavior of circuits when adjusting resistor and
capacitor values.
EE282: Basic Electric Circuit Laboratory
Experiment 2
Step response of RC circuit
• Objectives:
• Transient behaviour of a RC circuit exited through a square wave, its display on
the oscilloscope.
• Use of a simple RC-circuit as a differentiator or as integration .
Theory:
It’s possible to obtain application to the mathematical operations of differentiation and
integration with respect to time by using RC circuits.
The circuit equations of figure 2.1 are:
, 𝑣𝑜 = 𝑖𝑅
And if, for any particular set of conditions, C and R chosen so that 𝑣𝑜 ≪ 𝑣𝑖 Then
𝑣𝑜 is differentiation of 𝑣𝑖
So the circuit can be considered as a differentiator.
Figure 2.1
The circuit equations of figure2.3 are:
If for any particular set of conditions, C and R chosen so that 𝑣𝑜 ≪ 𝑣𝑖 then:
𝑣𝑜 is the integration of 𝑣𝑖, and the circuit of figure 2.2 can be considered as an
integrator.
Figure 2.2
• Material : By Using Multisim(Software)
• Oscilloscope.
• Function Generator.
• 47nF and 2.2µF capacitors. 15kΩ and 100kΩ resistors Circuit Board.
• Wires.
• Pre-lab Work:
Sketch the wave forms of the voltage across C and R (𝑣𝑜) in the period of 0-
100ms for the circuit in figure 2.1 and figure 2.4
Figure 2.3
Experimental Work and Results:
1. Step response
1- Connect the circuit as shown in Figure 2.4 , where the value of C=47nF and
R= 15k and VFG=10Vpp f=100Hz
Figure 2.4
2- Sketch the display on the oscilloscope
Vo voltage for figure 2.4
2. Differentiator and Integrator Circuits
Now connect the circuit as shown in Figure 2.2, change the value of R = 100k .
1. Display the voltage across Vc on the oscilloscope.
2. Sketch the display and give the name of the circuit.
Vo voltage for figure 2.2 (integrator circuit)
Now connect the circuit as shown in Figure 2.1 .
2- Display the voltage across VR on the oscilloscope.
3- Sketch the display and give the name of the circuit.
VR voltage for figure 2.1 (differentiator circuit)
• Discussion:
Compare the experiment plots of 𝑉𝑅 and 𝑉𝐶 with the theoretical results obtained in
the preparatory problems.
✓ In VR, there was a difference between the experiment plot and the theoretical
result, because in the theoretical equations we ignored Vo (Vo<<Vi).
In VC, there was no difference between the experiment plot and the theoretical
result, because we didn’t ignore any value.
• Comments:
The step response circuit can be converted to integrator circuit by increasing the value of the
Resistance and increasing the capacitance of the whole RC circuit.
In integrator circuit, the voltage drop on the capacitor was too small where we obtained it
With mille volts.
The resultant waves obtained in Multisim were exactly as expected from the mathematical
Analysis.
• Simulation Work Using Multisim:
Use Multisim to simulate the circuits shown in figure 2.1 , 2.2 and 2.4, and sketch
𝑣𝑜 for each circuit.
These values were previously simulated during the experiment.
• Conclusions:
By the end of this experiment, I came to understand the significance of adjusting
resistor and capacitor values within an electrical circuit and how such changes impact
voltage as a function of time. This experiment highlighted the intricate interaction
between circuit components and demonstrated how they can be fine-tuned to achieve
desired outcomes. This realization has deepened my understanding of electrical circuit
design and control, providing greater insight into the relationship between component
adjustments and their resulting effects.
