Basic

Basic Coordinate
Coordinate Geometry
Geometry The Equation of the Line:

One of the most useful forms of the equation of the line

Y is called the “y-intercept form” which is expressed “ y =
mx + b” where m is the slope of the line and b is the y-
(x,y) intercept; that is the point at which the line cuts the y
y axis.

x X
(x,y)

(0,b)
Distance Between two Points point where the line cuts the axis

X
( x2, y2)

Method of Finding the equation of the Line

d y2 – y1
We know from basic geometry that a line is defined
when two points are given . Let’s suppose that the two
(x1 , y1) given points are (4,5) and (8,7) ; we can find the slope
x2 – x1 7-5 1
of that line : which would be = , then the
8-4 2
equation of the line becomes:
y = 1/2x + b

Since this is the equation of the line then it relates the

Given the points (x1 , y1) and (x2 , y2) , the distance d x-coordinate and the y-coordinate of any point that
between the points is given by: belongs to such a line.

d = ( x2 - x1 ) 2 + ( y2 - y1 ) 2 We could use, for instance, the point (4,5) :

and the SLOPE of the line: 5 = (1/2)(4) + b

after solving the equation, we get that b = 3
y2 - y1
m= Therefore, the equation of the line will be:
x2 - x1
y=½x+3
The MIDPOINT of the line segment is:

x1 + x2 y1 + y2
M= ( , ) Notes:
2 2
If 2 lines are parallel, they have the same slope
If two lines are perpendicular the product of their slopes
is -1

Compiled by Edward Vialardi [email protected]

SAT one-on-one training
 Linear and Nonlinear
Equation Graphs

1. The area of a circle whose center is at (0, 0) is 25π. 6. What is the equation of a line that goes through point
The circle passes through all of the following points (2,20) and has a slope of 8?
EXCEPT
(A) y = -8x + 4
(A) (-5, 0) (B) y = 8x – 4
(B) (5, 5) (C) y = 8x + 4
(C) (5, 0) (D) y = -8x – 4
(D) (0, 5)
7. The graph below shows the equations:
x + y = 7 and 2y + 4x = 22
2. The coordinates of three vertices of a rectangle are
(0, 0), (-3, 0), and (-3, -4). The coordinates of the fourth
vertex are:

(A) (0,-4)
(B) (4, 0)
(C) (0, 4)
(D) (-4,0)

3. What are the coordinates of the center of the line

segment joining the points whose coordinates are (a, b)
, and (c, d) respectively?

æc+a d+bö
(A) ç , ÷
è 2 2 ø
Which of the following is the point of intersection
(B) ( a + c, b + d) between the two lines?
(C) ( a – c, b – d )
æc-a d-bö (A) (4.5, 3.5)
(D) ç , ÷
è 2 2 ø (B) (3.5, 4.5)
(C) (3, 4)
(D) (4, 3)
4. Points on a line parallel to the y-axis must

(A) have the same y-coordinates 8. Bob rides his bike to and from school. It takes him
(B) have the same x-coordinates more than four minutes but less than six minutes to bike
(C) pass through the origin the first three blocks to school, and he is able to get to
(D) intersect the x-axis school in less than 20 minutes. If x represents the
number of minutes it takes Bob to ride the first three
blocks to school and y represents the number of
5. The coordinates of the vertices of triangle ABC are A minutes it takes him to ride the rest of the way to his
(2, 3), B (5, 8), and C (7, 3). The area of triangle ABC school, which of the following systems of inequalities
equals models the word problem?

(A) 5 (A) 4 < x < 6 x + y < 20

(B) 9.5 (B) 4 < x < 6 x – y < 20
(C) 12.5 (C) 4 ≤ # ≤ 6 x + y < 20
(D) 15 (D) 4 ≤ # ≤ 6 x – y < 20

Compiled by Edward Vialardi [email protected]

SAT, TOEFL, one-on-one training
9. If line l is the perpendicular bisector of the line 13. Which of the following is an equivalent form of the
segment with endpoints (2, 0) and (0,-2), what is the equation: y = 2x2 – 3x – 2 from which the coordinates of
slope of line 1? the vertex of the parabola can be identified as
constants in the equation?
(A) 2
(B) 1 (A) y = (2x + 1)(x – 2)
(C) 0 (B) y = 2(x – ¾)2 – 25/8
(D) –1 (C) y = (2x – 4)(x + ½)
(D) y = (x – 3)2 + 13
10. The graph below correspond to which of the
following pairs of lines?
14. Which of the following shaded regions could be the
graph of y £ 3x – 2 and x ³ 0?

(A)

(0, -2)

(B)

(A) y < -x – 7 and y < −2x + 11

(B) y>-x–7 and , ≤ −2# + 11
(C) y > -x + 7 and , ≤ −2# + 11
(D) y<-x+7 and , < −2# + 11 (0, -2)

11. In how many points do the graphs of

x2 + y2 = 9 and x2 = 8y intersect

(A) one (C)

(B) two
(C) three
(D) four

(0, -2)
12. What is the length of the line segment on the line
1
y = x – 3 whose endpoints have x-coordinates 4
2
and 10?
(D)
(A) 6
(B) 27
(C) 37
(D) 45
(0, -2)

Compiled by Edward Vialardi [email protected]

SAT, TOEFL, one-on-one training
 15. A line in the xy-plane passes through the point
(2, 3) and has a slope of ½ , which of the following
points lies on the line ?

(A) (4, 5)
(B) (6, 5)
(C) (5, 6)
(D) (8, 12)

16. Find the equation of the line of symmetry for the

following curve:
y = x2 – 4x + 2

(A) y = 4
(B) y = 2
(C) x = 2
(D) x = -2

17. If the standard form of the equation of a parabola is:

y = 2x2 –12x + 21

Then the vertex form of the equation of the same

parabola will be:

(A) y = 2(x - 3)2 + 3

(B) y = 2(x + 3)2 + 3
(C) y = (x - 3)2 + 3
(D) y = 3(x + 5)2 - 2

Compiled by Edward Vialardi [email protected]

SAT, TOEFL, one-on-one training