ISOMETRIC PROJECTIONS

PRUTHVI LOY SERRAO

INTRODUCTION
Isometric projection is a 3-D (pictorial) view. It enables not only
to see the three dimensions of an object in a single view but also
to measure them directly.

ISOMETRIC – Equal measurement

Hence the three principal faces and the axes of the object
are equally inclined to a vertical plane of projection. 120
0

12
0

0
0

12
0
ISOMETRIC PROJECTIONS PRUTHVI LOY SERRAO
 Example – consider a cube resting on one of its corners on VP with its solid
diagonal passing through that point perpendicular to VP.

a’

d’ b’

(p’) c’

s’ q’

300 300

r’

Here all the edges of the cube appear with apparent lengths, i.e., all the edges appear
to be equally foreshortened.

ISOMETRIC PROJECTIONS PRUTHVI LOY SERRAO

 It has been proved that on isometric projection, all the edges of a solid gets
foreshortened in the ratio √2: √3 to that of actual view. i.e., the isometric lengths are
0.8164976 of the true lengths.

Proof: Isometric length= 0.816496 x true length

True length
cos30= o’d’ = √3
A a’ a’d’ 2
Isometric length
0
450 cos45= o’D = …1.
d’ 30 b’
B AD √2
D o’

Isometric length = a’d’

(p’) c’
C True length AD
= a’d’ x o’D (o’d’=o’D)
s’ q’
o’d’ AD
300 300

r’ = 2 x 1 = √2 = 0.816496
√3 √2 √3
Therefore Isometric length= 0.816496 x true length

ISOMETRIC PROJECTIONS PRUTHVI LOY SERRAO

 Isometric view and isometric projection
Isometric view Isometric projection
To be drawn with true scale To be drawn with isometric scale
i.e., the edges parallel to the i.e., the edges parallel to the
isometric axes are to be drawn isometric axes are to be
with their true lengths. foreshortened in the ratio √2: √3
to that of true length.

Isometric view (1:1)

Isometric projection (√2: √3)

300 300

ISOMETRIC PROJECTIONS PRUTHVI LOY SERRAO

 Isometric scale

True scale

Isometric scale
B

50
450 C
40
30
20 50 300
40
10 30
20
10

O A

ISOMETRIC PROJECTIONS PRUTHVI LOY SERRAO

 ISOMETRIC GRID LINES

ISOMETRIC PROJECTIONS PRUTHVI LOY SERRAO

 Exercise problems
Problem 1. Draw the isometric projection of a rectangular prism having dimensions 25x10x45 mm.

a’(d’) b’(c’)

C
45 B
D

VP A
X Y
HP p’(s’) q’(r’)
d(s) c(r)
10
300 Q 300
b(q) S
a(p)
P
25

ISOMETRIC PROJECTIONS PRUTHVI LOY SERRAO

Problem 2. A hexagonal prism of base sides 30mm and axis length 60mm is resting on HP on its base
with a side of base parallel to VP. Draw the isometric projection of the prism.

60 E D
F

VP C
X Y A
HP B
f(u) e(t)

U
a(p) d(s)
300 P R 300
Q

b(q) c(r)
30

ISOMETRIC PROJECTIONS PRUTHVI LOY SERRAO

Problem 3. Draw the isometric projection of a hexagonal pyramid of base side 30mm and axis length
60mm when it is resting on its base on HP.

60

X VP
Y
HP
f e
F

d C
a 300 A B 300

b c

30

ISOMETRIC PROJECTIONS PRUTHVI LOY SERRAO

Problem 4. Draw the isometric projection of a vertical cylinder of base diameter 50mm and axis length
60mm.

60
D C

X VP
Y
HP A B
d(s)

a(p) c(r)

300 P Q 300
Dia 50 b(q)

ISOMETRIC PROJECTIONS PRUTHVI LOY SERRAO

Problem 5. Draw the isometric projection of a horizontal cylinder of base diameter 50mm and axis
length 60mm.

d’(s’) Dia 50

a’(p’) c’(r’)
S

VP b’(q’) D
X Y P
HP C

60 A

300 B 300

ISOMETRIC PROJECTIONS PRUTHVI LOY SERRAO

Problem 6. Draw the isometric projection of a hemisphere of 50mm diameter.

D C
VP
X Y
HP
d
A B

a 300 300
50 c

ISOMETRIC PROJECTIONS PRUTHVI LOY SERRAO

 Problem 7. A pentagonal pyramid of base 25mm and height 65mm stands with its base on HP. An edge
of the base is parallel to VP and nearer to it. A horizontal section plane cuts the pyramid and passes
through a point on the axis at a distance 40mm from the base. Draw the isometric projection of the
frustum of the pyramid.

65

40
S
R
T
VP P Q
X Y
HP
e d
t s E C

p r
300 B 300
a q c A

ISOMETRIC PROJECTIONS PRUTHVI LOY SERRAO

Problem 8. Draw the isometric projection of a frustum of a cone of base diameter 60mm, top face
diameter 36mm and axis length 50mm which rests on HP on its base.

S R

50

P Q
VP
X Y
HP
d

60 a p C 36 300 A B 300
r

ISOMETRIC PROJECTIONS PRUTHVI LOY SERRAO

 VTU problems
Problem 1. A sphere of diameter 30mm rests on the frustum of a hexagonal pyramid of base 30mm,
top face 18mm and height 50mm, such that their axes coincide. Draw the isometric projection of the
combined solid. Dia 30

50
U
R
P
VP Q
X Y
HP
e
f
F
t
u
C
a
s 300 A 300
p d B

q r

c
b
18
30

ISOMETRIC PROJECTIONS PRUTHVI LOY SERRAO

Problem 2. A cone of base diameter 50mm and height 60mm is placed centrally on a equilateral
triangular prism of side 100mm and 20mm thick. Draw the isometric projection of the combination
solid.

50

20
VP
X
HP Y

50

300 300
0
10

ISOMETRIC PROJECTIONS PRUTHVI LOY SERRAO

Problem 3. Following figure shows the front and side views of a solid . Draw the isometric projection
of the solid.
35 30

40

70

Ø30 35

70

300 300

ISOMETRIC PROJECTIONS PRUTHVI LOY SERRAO

Problem 4. A cone of base diameter 40mm and height 50mm rests centrally over a frustum of a
pentagonal pyramid of base side 45mm and top side 35mm and height 55mm. Draw the isometric
projection of the combination solid.

50

55

VP
X Y
HP
e d

E C

a c
300 B 300
A

b
45 35

ISOMETRIC PROJECTIONS PRUTHVI LOY SERRAO

Problem 5. Following figure shows the front and side views of a solid . Draw the isometric projection
of the solid.

30

20

VP 15
X
HP Y
Sq 30

Sq 70

ø50 300 300

ISOMETRIC PROJECTIONS PRUTHVI LOY SERRAO

Problem 6. A square pyramid of base side 40mm and height 70mm rests symmetrically on a cube of
edge 50mm, which itself is placed on a cylinder of diameter 80mm and thickness 30mm. Draw the
isometric projection of the solids, if the axes of the three solids are in common line.

70

20 20
50

Ø 80 30
VP
X
HP Y

300 300

ISOMETRIC PROJECTIONS PRUTHVI LOY SERRAO

Problem 7. The following figure shows the front view of combination of solids consisting a cut
sphere and frustums of a cone and a square pyramid. Draw the isometric projection of the
combination of solids.

10

R 30

40
ø 60

30 ø 70

sq 90 300 300

ISOMETRIC PROJECTIONS PRUTHVI LOY SERRAO

Questions ?