REVIEW

The Internet and

World Wide Web
 The Internet
• is defined as a worldwide network connecting
to a million of computers via dedicated routers
and servers
• end-users could start sending and receiving
different types of information.
• these types of information can be sent and
received via electronic mails (emails), text or
video chats and/or conferencing, and
computer programs among others.
How the Internet was Born
In 1959, computer scientist Paul Baran joined RAND
corporation
The sharing of computer data between
remote locations was done over phone
lines or other cables using circuit
switching.
Baran came up with a strategy to bypass this issue.
Packet switching is a method used in
digital networking to transmit data
efficiently.

Instead of sending data as a single

large chunk, packet switching breaks
the data into smaller units called
packets. Each packet is transmitted
independently over the network,
potentially taking different routes to the
destination.
In the 1970s, Vinton Cerf and Robert Kahn created
the foundational rules for how data is sent and
received over the Internet. These rules are called
protocols, specifically TCP (Transmission Control
Protocol) and IP (Internet Protocol).
Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)

TCP is a protocol responsible for ensuring

reliable communication between devices on a
network. It breaks large data into smaller units
called packets, ensures all packets arrive at
their destination, and reassembles them in the
correct order.
Internet Protocol (IP)
IP is a protocol that handles the addressing and
routing of packets. It assigns a unique address
(known as an IP address) to each device on the
network, ensuring that the packets know where
to go.
In 1982, TCP/IP was introduced as the standard
networking protocols on the ARPANET, which
remained under the control of the government
through most of the 1980s.
In 1990, Tim Berners-Lee created an application
called World Wide Web, later renamed Nexus, at
the European Organization for Nuclear Research,
or CERN.
• Using a NeXT computer, Tim Berners-Lee
created the first web browser (World Wide
Web) that allowed a user to navigate
through pages of information using links to
connect phrases to additional pages.

• With this browser, Berners-Lee also created

the Hypertext Transfer Protocol, or HTTP, and
the Hypertext Markup Language, HTML. He
also created the very first web server,
called httpd.
World Wide Web (WWW)

• the WWW, W3, or web

is a graphic interface for
the Internet that was first
introduced to the public
on August 6, 1991, by Tim
Berners-Lee. A few days
later on August 23, 1991, it
was available to everyone.
 World Wide Web (WWW)
• is referred to as the collection of public websites
that are connected to the internet worldwide,
together with the client computers which include
personal computers, laptops, iPads, and cellular phones
that access its content.
 Should I capitalize the World Wide Web?

● When used in it's full form "World Wide Web," each "W"
should be capitalized.
World Wide Web
Who owns the internet?
Who owns the internet?
Instead, a combination of government
agencies, international groups, andcompanies
in the private sector collaborate together to
keep the fundamental technologies of the
Internet working. These groups form the rules that
define how all of the different systems work.
The Internet is
formed of multiple
networks that all
conform to the
standard protocols
of the Internet
known as TCPIP.
No one owns the
internet but for it work
we need management
so we can connect o
each other.
 For the Internet to work
there has to be a lot
infrastructure.
Infrastructure is owned by
people, companies, and
entities.
Companies owned servers, called server farms.
Server
A computer
system capable
of providing
servers to other
computers.
is a software or
hardware device
that accepts
and responds
to requests made
over a network.
 Client
• is a computer or device that gets information from a
server.
How do servers work?
DNS Server
• a server that configures IPv4 and IPv6 addresses
specifically in giving names to each IP address
up to its root recognition
● machine that helps
the Dynamic Host
Configuration
Protocol
(DHCP) server
 Domain Name System (DNS)
is the method that the Internet uses to store domain
names and their corresponding IP addresses.
Domain Name
• Is the text version of an IP address
 Trivia: What was the first domain?
• The first Internet domain name "symbolics.com" was
registered by Symbolics, a Massachusetts computer
company on March 15, 1985.
ICANN (Internet Corporation for Assigned
Names and Numbers)
private, non-government, nonprofit
corporation with responsibility
for Internet Protocol (IP)address space
allocation, protocol parameter
assignment, domain name system
(DNS) management and root server
system management functions.
https://www.google.com

Domain Name
Domain Names have corresponding IP Addresses
You may know the IP Address of certain websites by using the
command “nslookup” in your cmd.

Ipv6 address

Ipv4 address
https://www.google.com
Types of Server
 File Server
is a computer on a network that is used to provide
users on a network with access to files.
 Web server

• Computer or collection of computers used to deliver

web pages and other content to multiple users.
Print server

A device that connectsprinters

to client computers through the
Internet
standalone device
responsible for managing one
or more printers on a network.
 Game Server
• A game server is a computer that acts as a central
authority to define the current state of a multiplayer
game.
Features of the Largest Data Center in the World
China Telecom’s Data Center
China Telecom’s Data Center
• is the largest data center in the world. Located in
Hohhot, China
• this data center is used by large-scale telecom,
cloud computing, and financial firms that generate a
humongous amount of data.
• Range in 6.3 million square feet
What is the most popular
search engine?
Google Servers
• Dedicated for queries when you are searching
• Others are dedicated for storing documents
What is the most used
application?
Facebook Data Center
Facebook
• 3.049 billion As of Q3 2023, there
are 3.049 billion monthly active
users on Facebook, making it the
largest app in the world.
• Facebook uses chips from Intel
and AMD to power its servers. The
comfortable cooling effect has
been made easier by using
servers with larger heat sinks ad
fans.
Telecommunication Companies
that own the Fiber Optic Cables
Normal Cable

Fiber Optic Cable

Runs from North America to UK to Japan to India
No one owns the internet, without these data centers
and without those cables connecting us, we would
NOT HAVE THE INTERNET.
 ISP /
Internet Service Provider
Internet Service Provider
• Your Internet Service Provider (ISP) is the company
that provides your internet access.
Fastest internet service providers (ISPs) in the
Philippines as of September 2023, by download speed
(in Mbps)
 PLDT
• Formerly known as
Philippine Long Distance Telephone Company
• Largest network company
 Smart Communications Inc., and
Digital Mobile Philippines (formerly Sun Cellular)

• Collaborating with PLDT

 Globe Telecom
• Acquired Bayan Telecommunications
(commonly known as BayanTel or Bayan)
 Converge
• Dennis Anthony Uy and his wife Maria Grace
founded Converge ICT Solutions, one of the
Philippines' largest operators of high-speed
internet.
 Sky Cable
• PLDT acquired Sky Cable Corporation’s
broadband business for P6.75 billion, further
expanding the former’s hold into the broadband
space.
 Router
• is hardware device designed to receive, analyze and
move incoming packets to another network.
• It may also be used to convert the packets to
another network interface, drop them, and perform
other actions relating to a network.
 Types of Router

• Wireless (Wi-Fi
Router)
• Brouter
• Core Router
• Edge Router
• Virtual Router
 Wireless (Wi-Fi) router
• Wireless routers provide Wi-Fi access to
smartphones, laptops, and other
devices with Wi-Fi network capabilities.
Also, they may provide standard
Ethernet routing for a small number of
wired network devices. Some Wi-Fi
routers can act as a combination router
and modem, converting an incoming
broadband signal from your ISP.
 Brouter

•Short for bridge router, a brouter is a networking

device that serves as both a bridge and a router.
Core router

A core router is a router

in a computer network
that routes data within a
network, but not
between networks
 Edge router
● refers to any apparatus that acts as an entry point
into the core of the network.
● acts as a checkpoint at the border between two
countries.
When data attempts to enter the network, it is
inspected according to certain security procedures,
and either allowed or denied entry.
 Virtual router

• A virtual router is a backup router used in a

Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol setup.
 The Internet
is open to anyone
who can access it
The Internet: Then and Now
(Philippines)
 Bulletin Board System
• a computer or an application dedicated to the sharing or
exchange of messages or other files on a network
1986: Star BBS (Bulletin Board System)

• Formed by Efren Tercias

and James Chua of
Wordtext Systems
 1987: Philippine FidoNet Exchange
• a local network communication was formed
 1990: Academic Network of Universities
and Government Institutions
• A committee helmed by Arnie del Rosario of the Ateneo
Computer Technology Center attempted to create a
network of communication for universities and government
institutions by the National Computer Center under Dr.
William Torres.
Recommendations were made but failed to be implemented.
 1991-1993: Emergence of Email Gateways

• Email was introduced by multinational

companies such as Intel, Motorola and
Texas Instruments.
• The direct internet connection that these
companies made also encouraged our
local firms like ETPI, Philcom and PLDT to
operate these advancements
commercially in our country.
 June 1993: Philnet Project was born
• With the support of the Department of Science and Technology and
the Industrial Research Foundation, the Philnet project (now PHNET)
was born.
 July 1993: Phase one of the Philnet project
shifted into full gear
• It proved to be successful, as students from partner universities
were able to send emails to the Internet by routing them
through Philnet's gateway at the Ateneo de Manila University,
which was connected to another gateway at the Victoria
University of Technology in Australia via IDD Dial-Up (Hayes
Modem)
 November 1993: P12.5-million grant to buy
equipment and lease communication lines
• An additional P12.5-million grant for the first year's running
cost was awarded by the DOST to buy equipment and
lease communication lines needed to kickstart the
second phase of Philnet, now led by Dr. Rudy Villarica.
 March 29, 1994, 1:15 AM: Philippine's first connection to
the Internet at a PLDT network center in Makati City
1:15 a.m., Benjie Tan, who was working for ComNet, a company
that supplied Cisco routers to the Philnet project, established
the Philippine's first connection to the Internet at a PLDT network
center in Makati City.
 March 29, 1994, 1:15 AM: Philippine's first connection to
the Internet at a PLDT network center in Makati City

Benjie Tan is the

engineer who installed
the router which allowed
the country to go online
for the first time on
March 29, 1994.
 March 29, 1994, 1:15 AM: Philippine's first connection to
the Internet at a PLDT network center in Makati City
To announce this accomplishment, he posted a short message to the
Usenet newsgroup soc.culture.filipino
to alert Filipinos overseas that a link is already live.
 March 29, 1994, 1:15 AM: Philippine's first connection to
the Internet at a PLDT network center in Makati City

• The Philippine router, a Cisco 7000 router was

attached via the services of PLDT and Sprint
communications to SprintLink's router at
Stockton California.
• The gateway to the world for the Philippines
will be via NASA Ames Research Center.
• For now, a 64K serial link is the information
highway to the rest of the Internet world.”
 March 29, 1994, 10:18AM:
Philnet's 64 kbit/s connection was live

• 10:18 a.m.: "We're in," Dr. John Brule, a

Professor Emeritus in Electrical and Computer
Engineering at the Syracuse University,
announced at The First International E-Mail
Conference at the University of San Carlos in
Talamban, Cebu, signifying that Philnet's 64
kbit/s connection was live.
Internet Today: Still Growing
 The Internet Society (ISOC)

• an American nonprofit organization founded in 1992

to provide e leadership in Internet-related
standards, education, access, and policy
• Its mission is "to promote the open development,
evolution and use of the Internet for the benefit of all
people throughout the world"
World Wide Web Consortium (W3C)

• Main international standards

organization for the World Wide
Web
• engages in education and
outreach, develops software
and serves as an open forum for
discussion about the Web.
Jobs the Internet Can Do
Move, Transfer, or Assign a Computerized
Information from one place to another

• can be in the form of

text documents,
images, audio, video
and software programs,
among others -- data
 Internet Services
• Electronic Mail
• Websites
• Social Networking and
Personal Publishing
• Internet of Things
• Internet Search (Search
Engines)
• Voice and Video
Communication
• File Transfer and Data Sharing
• Remote Desktop
• Cloud Services and Cloud
Computing
 Web Technologies

● Hypertext markup language (HTML)

● Hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP)
● Web servers and web browsers
Hypertext markup language (HTML)
• is a standard markup
language used for creating
web pages.
• HTML is classified as the
set of markup symbols
or codes appended in a
file intended for
presentation on a World Wide
Web browser page.
 Hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP)

● is a classified as the
set of standards
allowing users of the
World Wide Web to
interchange information
seen on web pages.
● Port 80 is the standard
port for HTTP
connections.
 Web servers and web browsers
● is a software application for recovering, presenting and
navigating information resources on the World Wide Web.
● There are different browser applications that are currently
used in the WWW such as Microsoft Edge, Google Chrome,
Microsoft Edge, Mozilla Firefox, Safari and more.
 List of the most commonly used Internet browsers

● Google Chrome
● Microsoft Edge
● Mozilla Firefox
● Opera
● Apple Safari
 Chrome
● is a free Internet browser
officially released by
Google on December 11,
2008.

● Its features include

synchronization with Google
services and accounts, tabbed
browsing, and automatic
translation and spell check
of web pages.
Microsoft Edge

● Code-named "Spartan,"
Microsoft Edge is the latest
Internet browser from
Microsoft that was introduced
with Microsoft Windows 10 as
a replacement for Internet
Explorer.
 Firefox
● first released in beta on September 23,
2002, as the "Mozilla Browser," although
it was internally code-named "Phoenix."
● Firefox 1.0 was officially released on
November 9, 2004.
● became a popular alternative to
Microsoft Internet Explorer 6.0 when
users sought a browser that could better
protect them from spyware and
malicious websites.
 Opera

● an Internet browser developed by

Opera Software and was first
released on April 1, 1995.

● Designed f or desktops and

mobile platforms, including a
popular choice for mobile phones.
 Safari

● an Internet browser that

was first introduced on June
30, 2003, and is included
with Apple macOS X and
the iPhone. It is also
available or iPad.
The World Wide Web Today
 Four Basic Stages How Web Works

1. Connection
2. Request
3. Response
4. Close
Searching for Information
on the Web
 Web Administrator
Web administrator design, develop, maintain
and troubleshoot websites.
● Coding websites
● Collaborating with development
teams
● Setting up tools to monitor website
traffic
● Analyzing website traffic to inform
design decisions.
● Addressing usability issues
Two mainly managed search tools

● Subject Directories
● Search Engines
 Subject Directory
● is an online database of websites and
information set up by subject and category
● are created and maintained by sit creators
arrange by topic
 Search Engine
● usually accessed on the Internet, that searches a database of
information according to the user's query.
● Use software called “spiders” and “crawlers” to routinely
scour the web to identify and index web pages
 Spider

● is a program or script written to

browse the World Wide Web in
a systematic manner for the
purpose of indexing websites.
● may also be referred to as a
web bot, web crawler, or web
robot.
 Techniques that can be used to Improve Web Searches

● Using specific words and placing the most

important terms first in the search text or phrase.
● Using quotation marks to create exact
phrases-this helps the search engine find what it is
looking for by using the exact sequence of words.
● Listing all possible spellings, for example,
organization and organisation.
Some Of The Most Useful
Google Search Tricks
1. Use quotes to search for an exact phrase
2. Use an asterisk within quotes to specify
unknown or variable words
3. Use the minus sign to eliminate results
containing certain words
4. Search websites for keywords
5. Compare using “vs”
6. Use “DEFINE” to search for the
meaning of words
7. Search images using images
End of Lesson