Question Bank

2020-2021
Class: 11 Worksheet Number: 11/math/07/QB
Subject: Mathematics Chapter: 7–Permutation &Combination

Section A
Each question carries 1 mark:
1 Find x, if 1  3  x .
8 7 9
2 Find the H.C.F. of 4 , 5 , 6 .
3 Which of the following is a true statement?
(iii) 34   3
4
(i) 3  4  3  4 (ii) 3  4  3  4
4 In how many ways can 4 letters be posted in 3 letter boxes if each box can have any amount of
letter ?
5 A boy has 6 pockets. In how many ways can he put 5 coins in his pockets?
6 If n  1  12 n  1 , find n .
7 How many diagonals are there in a polygon of n sides?
8 A bag contains 4 black and 5 red balls .6 balls are drawn from the bag; determine number of ways
in which 3 black and 3 red balls can be drawn.
9 Find the number of all four-digit natural numbers?
10 There are 36 persons in a society of workers in how many ways can they choose a president and a
secretary?
Section B
Each question carries 2 marks:
11 How many words each of 3 vowels and 2 consonants can be formed from the letters of the word
"INVOLUTE"?
12 Ten students are participating in a race. In how many ways can the first three prizes be won?
13 If 9 P5  5 .9 P4 10Pr , then find r.
14 You can go from Delhi to Agra either by car or by bus or by train or by air. In how many ways can
you plan your journey from Delhi to Agra and back?
15 How many of the natural numbers from 1 to 1000 have none of their digits repeated?
16 If Cr : Cr 1  1: 2 and Cr 1 : Cr 2  2 : 3 , find n and r .
n n n n

17 A man has six friends. In how many ways can he invite one or more of them to a tea party?
18 A bag contains 5 different red and 6 different white balls. In how many ways can 6 balls be
selected so that there are at least two balls of each color?
19 Find the numbers of words which can be formed out of the letters of the word ARTICLE , so that
vowels occoupy the even place.
Section C
Each question carries 4 marks:
20 How many different 4-digit numbers can be formed from the digits 2,3,4 and 6 if each digit is used
only once in a number? Further how many of these numbers end in 3 or 6?
21 The letters of word “ORIENTAL” are arranged in such a way that the vowels and consonants
occur alternately. In how many different ways can it be done?
22 In how many ways can 8 boys and 7 girls be arranged for a group photograph, if the girls are to sit
on chairs in a row and boys are to stand in a row behind them?

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23 How many numbers greater than a million can be formed with the digits 2, 3, 0, 3, 4, 2, 3?
24 If 9 P5  5 .9 P4 10Pr , then find r.
25 In how many ways can the word “PENCIL” be arranged so that N is always next to E.
26 2 2
In how many distinct ways can the product xy z be written without using exponents?
27 How many words can be formed out of the letters of the word "DELHI" taking all the letters at a time
(no letter being repeated)?
28 (a) Four boys and three girls are to be seated in a row. In how many ways can it be done if they are
seated alternately?
(b) Find the number of ways in which four boys and four girls can be seated alternately in a row.
29 How many words can be formed by using all the letters of the word” ALLAHABAD”? How many of
these words will not contain both L together?
30 How many different numbers of six digits (without repetition of digit) can be formed from the digits
3, 1, 7, 0, 9, 5?
(i) How many of them will have in the unit' place?
(ii) How many of them are divisible by 5?
(iii) How many of them are not divisible by 5?
31 In how many different ways, the letters of the word ALGEBRA can be arranged in a row if :
(i) The two A's are together? (ii) The two A's are not together?
32 (i) Two cards are drawn from a deck of 52 cards one at a time, the first card being replaced before the
second is drawn. Find the number of ways in which it can be done.
(ii) Find the number of divisors of 36000.
33. In an election there are five candidates for President, six for Vice-President, seven for Secretary and
three for the post of Treasurer. There will be how many possible results of this election?
34. How many arithmetic progressions with 10 terms are there whose first term belongs to {2, 3, 4} and
common difference to {5,6,7,8 }?
35 In how many ways can 11 players be chosen out of 15 if :
(i) there is no restriction,
(ii) A particular player is always chosen,
(iii) A particular player is never chosen.
36 How many words(with or without meaning ) can be formed using all the letters of the word”
EQUATION” so that (i) all the vowels are together, (ii) consonants occupy the odd places?
37 A committee of 5 is to be formed out of 6 gents and 4 ladies. In how many ways this can be done
when (i) At least two ladies are included (ii) at most two ladies are included.
38 A mathematics paper consists of 10 questions divided in two parts I and II, each part containing 5
questions. A student is required to attempt 6 questions in all, taking at least 2 questions from each
part. In how many ways the student can select the questions?
39 Find the number of ways in which one can make a selection of at least one book on each of the three
subjects Physics, Chemistry, and Mathematics from a collection containing 3 different books on
Physics, 4 different books on Chemistry, and 5 different books on Mathematics?
Section D
Each question carries 6 marks:
40 Prove that P  n, r   P  n  1, r   rP  n  1, r  1 .
41 How many numbers are there between 100 and 1000 such that;
(i) Every digit is either 2 or 5? (ii) The digit in units place is 5?
(iii) at least one of the digits is 5? (iv) Exactly one of the digits is 5?
42 How many numbers greater than 56000 can be formed by using the digits 4, 5, 6, 7, 8; no digit being
repeated in any number?
43 Letters of the word 'MOTHER' are arranged in all possible ways and the words (with or without
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meaning) so obtained are arranged as in a dictionary. What is the position of the word 'MOTHER' in
this arrangement.
44 Find n if n  2  2550 n .
45 2n
Prove that  1.3.5........ 2n  1 .2n .
n
46 How many even numbers are there with three digits such that if 5 is one of the digits, then 7 is the
next digit (if repetition is allowed)?.
47 (a)There are 15 points in a plane, no three of which lie on a straight line excepting 4 which lie on a
straight line. How many :
(i) Straight lines? (ii) Triangles can be formed by joining them?
48 Find n, if C1 , 2 nC2 , 2 nC3 are in A.P?
2n

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Class: 11 Worksheet Number: 11/math/07/AK

Subject: Mathematics Chapter: 7-Permutation &Combination

SECTION A

1 3 x
1. + =
8! 7! 9!

1 3 x
+ =
87! 7! 9 8  7!
1 3 x
+ =
8 1 98
1+24 x
8
+ 98 𝑠𝑜 x = 9 (25)sox = 225

2. H.C.F of 4!, 5!, 6!

4! = 4!and5! = 5  4!and 6! = 6  5  4!

. .̇ HCF of 4!, 5! & 6! is 4!

3.

i) To check if (3+4) ! = 3!+4!

LHS = (3+4)! RHS = 3! + 4!

=7! = 6+24

= 5040 = 30 soLHS≠ RHS

. .̇ statement is false.

ii) To check if (3  4)! = 3!  4!

LHS = (34)! RHS = 3!  4!

= 12! = 6 24so LHS≠ RHS

. .̇ statement is false.

iii) To check if (34 )! = 3!4!

LHS=34 ! RHS = 3!4!

= 81! =624
LHS ≠ RHS
. .̇ statement is false.
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4.Each letter can be posted in any letter box in 3 ways

Four letters can be posted in 3 letter boxes in 3 x 3 x 3 x 3 ways
= 34 = 81 ways

5.A boy has 6 pockets.

Each coin has 6 choice .
No of ways in which 5 coins can be put in 6 pockets.
= 65 = 46656

6. (n+1)! = 12 (n 1)!

(n+1)n (n 1)! = 12 (n 1)!
n2 + n − 12 = 0
n2 + 4n − 3n − 12 = 0
n (n+4) – 3 (n+4) = 0
(n 3) (n+4) = 0  n – 3 = 0 or n+4 = 0
n=3 or n=4
(but n cannot be negative )
n=3

7. n sided polygon has n points

We need 2 points for getting a line
no.. of possible lines drawn = nC2
However of these n lines are sides of polygon.
. .̇no of diagonals = nC2  n
𝑛!
= (𝑛−2)!2! − 𝑛
𝑛(𝑛−1)(𝑛−2)!
= (𝑛−2)!(21)
−𝑛
𝑛2 −𝑛
= n
2
𝑛2 −𝑛−2𝑛
=
2
𝑛2 −3𝑛
=
2
𝑛(𝑛−3)
= 2

8. There are 4 black balls and 5 red balls.

3 black balls can be drawn in 4C3 ways.
3 red balls can be drawn in 5C3 ways.
Total no. of ways of drawing 3 black balls and 3 red balls= 4C3  5C3 = 4C1  5C2
5!
= 4 3!2! = 4  5 2
= 40 ways
9. _________ _________ _________ _________

9 ways 10 ways 10 ways 10 ways

Units, tens and hundred’s place can be filled in 10 ways each using the digits 0,1,2…..9
Zero can’t be place in extreme left position,
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So extreme left position can be filled in 9 ways.
By multiplication principle,
No of all 4 digits natural nos = 9  10 10  10 = 9000 nos.

10. Out of 36 people in the society, we need to choose 2 without repetitions.

No of ways it can be done = 36C1  35C1
=36  35
=1260 way
Section B

11. INVOLUTE

The given word has 8 letters, in which 4 letters are vowels namely I, O, U, E and 4 letters are consonants
name N, V, L, T

In the required word, we need 3 vowels and 2 consonants can be selected in 4C3 ways and in 4C2 ways.

3 vowels and 2 consonants can be arranged among themselves in 5P5 ways.

43
Total no of required words = 4C3 4C25P5= 4C1 4C2 5!= 4 21 5!= 2 4  3  120 = 2880 words.

12. There are 10 students and 3 prizes in a race no student can get more than 1 prize.
Think this way 1st prize has 10 choices , 2nd has 9 choices, and third has 8 choices .
so total no. of ways is 1098= 720
10! 10  9 8  7!
or 10
P3= =
7! 7!
= 720

13.
9
P5  5. 9 P4  10 Pr
9! 9! 10!
  5. 
(9  5)! (9  4)! (10  r )!
9! 9! 10!
 5 
4! 5! (10  r )!
9! 10  9!
 1  1 
4! (10  r )!
2 10
 
24 (10  r )!
 (10  r )!  10  12  120  5!
 10  r  5
r 5

14. There are 4 possible ways in which one can travel from Delhi to Agra i.e. either by car or by bus or by
train or by air.
. .̇No of possible ways one can plan your journey from Delhi to Agra is 4C1  4C1
=4 4
= 16 ways

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15. a] case i) 1-digit number from 1 to 9 = 9 no.(no repetition)
b] case ii) 2-digit numbers from 10 to 99

_____ _____

9ways 9ways
(excluding 0)

Tens place can be selected in 9 ways (0 is excluded)

Repetition of digits is not allowed, therefore Units place can be selected in 9 ways.
Total no of numbers between 10 to 99
=9  9
= 81 numbers

C] case iii) 3 digit numbers from 100 to 999

_____ _____ ______


9ways 9ways 8ways
(excluding 0)
Hundred’s place can be selected in 9 ways (zero is excluded)
Ten’s place can be selected in 9 ways.(zero included)
Units place can be selected in 8 ways.

By fundamental principle of counting total no of numbers 9  9 8 = 648

We do not consider 1000 as it has ‘zero’ repeated.

. .̇ No of natural nos from 1 to 1000 with no repetition of degits = 9 + 81 +648

= 738

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n
Cr : nCr 1  1: 2 and nCr 1 : nCr  2  2 : 3
n!
Crn
1 (n  r )!r ! 1
n
  
Cr 1 2 n! 2
(n  r  1)!(r  1)!
n! (n  r  1)!( r  1)! 1
  
(n  r )!r ! n! 2
(n  r  1)!( r  1) r ! 1
 
(n  r )(n  r  1)!r ! 2
r 1 1
 
nr 2
2r  2  n  r
3r  n  2.....................(1)
n
Cr 1 2
n

Cr  2 3
n! (n  r  2)!(r  2)! 2
x 
(n  r  1)!( r  1)! n! 3
(n  r  2)!(r  2)( r  1)! 2

(n  r  1)( n  r  2)!( r  1)! 3
r2 2

(n  r  1) 3
3r  6  2n  2r  2
5r  2n  8........................(2)
Solving (1)and (2)
6r  2n  4
5 r  2 n  8
r4
(1)  3(4)  n  2
n  12  2  14
16. n  14
17. A man can invite 1 friend or 2 friends or 3 friend or 4 friends or 5 friends or 6 friends for a tea
party out of 6 friends.
This can be done in 6C1 or 6C2 or 6C3 or 6C 4 or 6C5 or 6C6 ways resp.
The required no of ways = 6C1 + 6C2 + 6C3 + 6C4 + 6C5 + 6C6

65 654 65

= 6 + 21 + 321 + 21 + 6 + 1
= 6+15+20+15+6+1
= 63

18. 5 red balls and 6 white balls

We need to select 6 balls so that there are at least two balls of each color.

Red Balls (5) White Balls (6) No of ways

2 4 5
C2  6C4 = 10  15
3 3 C3  6C3 = 10  20
5

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4 2 5
C4  6C2 = 5  15

Total no of ways of selecting 6 balls

= 5C2  6C4  5C3  6C3 + 5C4  6C2
= (10  15) + (1020)+(515)
=150 +200+75
= 425 ways

19. same as 36.

Section C

20. a) _____ _____ _____ ______

We have to form 4 digit number using digits 2, 3 ,4 and 6.

Units place can be filled in 4 ways.
Ten’s place can be filled in 3 ways.
Hundred’s place can be filled in 2 ways.
Thousand’s place can be filled in 1 way.
(Repetition isnot allowed)
. .̇ By the fundamental principle of counting no. of ways = 1  2 3 4
= 24 ways.

b) _____ _____ _____ 3 or 6

The units place is to be filled by 3 or 6 (2 ways)

. .̇no repetition is allowed, tenth place can be filled in 3 ways.
Hundred’s places can be filled by 2 ways.Thousand’s places can be filled by 1 way.
. .̇by fundamental principle of counting no of ways = 1 2 3 2 =12 ways.

21.O R I E N T A L

It has 4 consonants in ” O R I E N T A L”- R, N, T, L

And 4 vowels in ” O R I E N T A L”- O, I, E, A

There are 2 ways of arranging the vowels and consonants alternately.

Case i) C V C V C V C V
(Beginning with a consonant)
This can be done in 4P4 4P4
= 4!  4!
= 24  24
= 576

Case ii) V C V C V C V C
(Beginning with a vowel)
This can be done in 4P4 4P4
= 4!  4!
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= 24  24
= 576

Combining case (i) and case (ii) we get required no. of ways = 576 + 576 = 1152 ways.

22.7 Girls can be arranged in 7P7 ways

8 boys can be arranged in 8P8ways

Required no. of ways in which 8 boys and 7 girls can be arranged for a group photograph
= 7P7 8P8
= 7!  8!

23.Numbers to be used are 2, 3, 0, 3,4, 2, 3

Here 2 is repeated 2 times ; 3 is repeated 3 times

There are 7 digits in million____ _____ _____ _____ ___ _____ _____

𝟕!
Total no. of possible permutations = 𝟐!𝟑!

No of permutation with 0 is first place (extremeleft place)

𝟔!
0 --------- is 𝟑!𝟐!

𝟕! 𝟔!
. .̇required no. of permutations = 𝟑!𝟐!  𝟑!𝟐!

𝟔! 6 5 4(6)
= 𝟑!𝟐! (7 − 1) =
2!

= 360

24.
9
P5  5. 9 P4  10 Pr
9! 9! 10!
  5. 
(9  5)! (9  4)! (10  r )!
9! 9! 10!
 5 
4! 5! (10  r )!
9! 10  9!
 1  1 
4! (10  r )!
2 10
 
24 (10  r )!
 (10  r )!  10  12  120  5!
 10  r  5
r 5

25. The word “PENCIL” has 6 letters.

N is always next to E
So we consider EN as one letter, we now have 5 letters
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___ ___ ___ ___ ___

These 5 places can be filled in 5 P5 ways

Required no of permutations = 5 P5  5!  120
26.
xy 2 z 2 can also be written as xyyzz.
There are 5 letters, y is repeated 2 times and z is repeated 2 times.
. .̇ No of distinct ways in which product can be written
5! 120
= = = 30 ways.
2!2! 4

27. DELHI
_ _ _ _ _
5 4 3 2 1
There are 5 vacant places and 5 letters, repetitions not allowed.
First place can be filled in 5 ways.
Second place can be filled in 4 ways.
Third place can be filled in 3 ways.
Fourth place can be filled in 2 ways.
Fifth place can be filled in 1 way.
No. of possible ways by multiplication principle,
= 5 4  3  2  1
= 120 ways.

OR
There are 5 vacant places and 5 letters, repetitions not allowed.
Required no of permutations = 5 P5  5!  120

28.a] Four boys and three girls are to be seated in a row.

Four boys can be seated in 4 P4 ways = 4! ways
Three girls can be seated in 3 P3 ways = 3! ways
. .̇ Required no. of ways = 4 P4  3 P3
= 4!  3!
= 24 6
= 144

b] There are 2 cases in which 4 boys and 4 girls can be seated alternately.
Case 1] B G B G B G B G (Boy can occupy odd places)
4 Boys occupy odd places in 4 P4 ways = 4!
4 Girls occupy even places in 4 P4 ways = 4!
No of ways = 4 P4  4 P4
= 4!  4!
= 24 x 24
= 576
Case 2] G B G B G B G B
(4 girls can occupy odd places)
4 girls occupy odd places in 4 P4 ways

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4 boys occupy even places in 4 P4 ways.

No of ways = 4 P4 x 4 P4
= 4! X 4!
= 24 x 24
= 576 ways
Combining case (i) and case (ii) we get the answer required no of ways = 576 + 576
= 1152 ways

29.ALLAHABAD
i) The word ALLAHABAD has 9 letters
‘A’ is repeated four times,
‘L’ is repeated twice
𝟗! 𝟗  𝟖  𝟕  𝟔  𝟓 𝟒 ! 𝟗  𝟖  𝟕  𝟔  𝟓
No of words formed = 𝟒!𝟐! = 𝟒!  𝟐!
= 𝟐!
= 7560

i) No of words we can form by taking both L’s together

8!
= 4! (consider LL as one unit)
No of words in which both L’s do not occur together
= [(total no of words that can be formed from letters of word ALLAHABAD)
 (no of words than can be formed by taking both L’s together)]

9! 8! 98!−8!2! 8![9−2] 8  7  6  5 4!  7
= 4!2!  4! = 4!2!
= 4!2!
= 4! 2!

= 8  7  3  5 7=5880

30. Given digits 3, 1, 7, 0, 9, 5

TTh__ Th H T U___
(excluding 0)
Extreme left can be filled in 5 ways as 0 cannot be placed there.
Corresponding to each way of doing so, the remaining 5 places can be filled in 5 P5 ways =5!ways
. .̇required number = 5  5! = 120 5 = 600 _____________________(*)

i) 1 in units place
_____ _____ ______ ______ ______ ____1_1way
4 4
P1
ways P4 ways
The first place can be filled in 4 P1 ways (0 is excluded)
Second, third, fourth, fifth place can be filled in 4 P4 was
. .̇ Total no of ways = 4 P1  4 P4  1
4!
= 3!  4!
= 4  24
= 96

ii) Divisible by 5
Case i) O in units place ______ _____ ______ ______ ______
____0_1way

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5
P5
ways
Other digits can be filled in 5 P5 ways
No of ways 5 P5  1 =5! = 120 ways

Case ii) 5 in the unit place ______ _____ ______ ______ ______
____5_1way
4
P1
4
P4
ways
The units place is fixed with 5. It can be done in 1 way.

Extreme left place cannot have ‘0’, it can be done in 4

P1 ways
middle places can be done in 4 P4 ways

4!
Total no of ways = 4 P4  4 P1 1 =  4!1 = 4  24 = 96
3!

Combining case (1) and (2)

Required no. divisible by 5 = 120 + 96 = 216

iii) Not divisible by 5:

Total possible 6 digit nos = 600 (from *)
No. divisible by 5 = 216
. .̇numbers not divisible by 5 = 600-216=384

31.ALGEBRA has 7 letters

Total nos of ways ( even if A’ s are together)
𝟕!
= 𝟐! (as A is repeated twice)
= 2520
i) A’s are together :
We take both A’s as one letter,
Now there are 6 letters
. .̇no of ways they can arranged = 6! = 720 ways.
A’s are not together:
No. of ways = 2520 – 720 = 1800 ways
32.
i)First card can be drawn in 52 ways i.e. 52C1 ways
Since this card is replaced before the second card is drawn,
Second card can be drawn in 52C1 ways.
No of ways in which 2 cards can be drawn = 52C1  52C1
= 52  52
= 2704 ways
ii) 36000 = 25 32 53
Any divisor of 36000 will be of type 2a 3b 5c where
a can take values 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
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b can take values 0, 1, 2
c can take values 0, 1, 2, 3
no of divisors = 6C1  3C1  4C1
=634
= 72

33.
In an election, there are five candidates for President, six for vice president, seven for secretary and
three for post of treasurer.

There can be only 1 president, 1 vice president, 1 secretary and 1 treasurer.

President can be selected in 5C1 ways.

Vice president can be selected in 6C1 ways
Secretary can be selected in 7C1 ways
Treasurer can be selected in 3C1 ways
Required no of results of the election = 5C1  6C1  7C1  3C1
=5673
= 63
34.
a (First terms) ∈{2,3,4}
d(Common difference) ∈ {5,6,7,8}

a) For a = 2 , 4 series are possible i.e. with d = 5, 6, 7 or 8

b) For a = 3 , 4 series are possible i.e. with d = 5, 6, 7 or 8
c) For a = 4 , 4 series are possible i.e. with d = 5, 6, 7 or 8
Total no of AP’s possible = 3C1  4C1 = 34= 12

35. We need to choose 11 players out of 15 players.

i) No restriction:-
Since one player can be chosen only once, the required no. of
15 14  13  12  11!
ways = 15C11 = 4! 11!

15  14  13  12
= 432

= 15  7  13 = 1365

ii) A particular players is always chosen:-

Since a particular player is to be chosen, the required no. of ways =

14! 14 13 12  11 10!

C10 
14
 = 1001ways
4!10! 4  3  2 110!

iii) A particular players is never chosen:

Since a particular player is excluded, we select 11 out of the remaining 14 players.

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 Answer Key
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14!
C11 
14

(14  11)!11!
14 13 12 11!
. .̇no. of ways = 
3  2 11!
 14 13  2

= 364 ways

36. EQUATION
No of vowels = 5 (E,A,I,O,U)
No of consonants = 3 (Q,T,N)
i) All vowels are together:-
We consider all vowels as one unit .
5 vowels can be arranged amongst themselves in 5! Ways.
No of words can be formed using vowel as one unit and 3 consonants = 5!4!
= 120  24
= 2880

ii) Consonants occupy odd places:

____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____

1 3 5 7

There are 3 consonants in word EQUATION and we have 4 odd places.

For consonants we need 3 place out of 4 and then permute them . So 4C3  3! .
so 4C3  3! 5! = 2880

37. Committee of 5 is to be formed out of 6 gents and 4 ladies

i) At least two ladies are included.

Ladies (4) Gents (6) No of ways

2 3 4
C2  6C3 = 6  20 = 120
3 2 4
C3  6C2 = 4  15 = 60
4 1 4
C4  6C1 = 1  6 = 6

. .̇ no of ways it can be done = (120 + 60 + 6)= 186 ways

ii) At most two ladies are included.

Ladies (4) Gents (6) No of ways

0 5 4
C0  6C5 = 1 6 = 6
1 4 4
C1  6C4 = 4  15 = 60
2 3 4
C2  6C3 = 6  20 =120

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 Answer Key
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. .̇ total no of ways ,it can be done = (6+60+120)= 186 ways

38. Q1 _ _ _ _ First 3 questions have 4 choices each

Q2 _ _ _ _ For each of these questions 1,2& 3 answer can be selected in 4C1 ways.
Q3 _ _ _ _
Q4 _ _ _ Remaining 3 questions have 3 choice each
Q5 _ _ _ For each of these questions 4,5& 6, answer can be selected in 3C1 ways
Q6 _ _ _

No of sequences possible = ( 4C1  4C1  4C1 )  ( 3C1  3C1  3C1 )

= 4  4  4 3 3  3= 64  27 = 1728.
39.Selection of at least one book on physics can be done in 3C1  3C2  3C3 ways
= 3 + 3 +1
= 7 ways

Selection of at least one book on Maths out of 5 different books can be done in

5
C1  5C2  5C3  5C4  5C5
5 4 5 4
 5   5 1
2 1 2 1
 5  10  10  5  1  31ways

Selection of at least one book on chemistry out of 4 different books can be done in

4
C1  4C2  4C3  4C4
43
 4  4 1
2 1
 4  6  4 1
 15ways

Total no of ways in which one can make a selection of at least one book on each of the three
subject physics, chemistry and mathematics = 7  31  15

= 3255 ways.

Section D

40.TPT P (n,r) = P(n 1, r) + r P(n 1, r 1)

TPT :- n
Pr  n 1Pr  r. n 1Pr 1
n 1 (n−1)! r(n−1)!
RHS= Pr  r. n 1Pr 1 =(n−1−r)! + (n−1−r+1)!

1 r
=(n-1)! [(n−r−1)! + (n−r)!]

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 Answer Key
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1 r
=(n-1)! [(n−r−1)! + (n−r)(n−r−1)!]

n−r+r
=(n-1)! [(n−r)(n−r−1)!]

(n−1)!n n!
=(n−r)(n−r−1)!=(n−r)!

= n Pr =LHS
41.
i] Since every digit is either 2 or 5, each of the three digits can be chosen in exactly 2 ways.
Hence by principle of association, all the three digits can be chosen in 2 x 2 x 2 = 8 ways.
So there are 8 numbers between 100 and 1000 whose every digit is either 2 or 5.

ii] _____ ____ __5__


9ways 10way 1way
Units place is fixed to be 5, it can be chosen in 1 way.
Tens place can be chosen in 10 ways.
Hundred places can be chosen in 9 ways.
Total numbers between 100 and 1000 = 1  10  9 = 90 numbers
(Which have 5 in unit’s place)

iii] First, we find no. of three digit numbers which have none of the digits as 5.
The number of such numbers is 8  9  9 = 648
[note that 5 is not to be put in any place]
But this includes the number 100 which does not lie between 100 and 1000.
Hence there are 648  1 = 647 numbers between 100 and 1000 which have none of their
digits as 5.
Also , the total no. of numbers between 100 and 1000 is 999  100 = 899
. .̇total number of numbers between 100 and 1000 which have atleast one of the digits as 5 is
899 647 = 252

iv] Exactly one of the digit is 5.

a] _5___ _____ ______
5 is in hundred’s place can be chosen in 1 way.
Ten’s place digit can be chosen in 9 ways
Units place digit can be chosen in 9 ways
Total no of numbers in this case is 199 = 81ways

b] _____ __5___ ______

5 is in ten’s place can be chosen in 1 way.
Hundred’s place digit can be chosen in 8 ways
Units place digit can be chosen in 9 ways
Total no of numbers in this case is 198 = 72 ways
c] ______ _____ __5____
5 is in unit’s place can be chosen in 1 way.
Ten’s place digit can be chosen in 9 ways
Hundred’s place digit can be chosen in 8 ways
(as 5 and 0 cannot be placed in hundreds place here)
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 Answer Key
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Total no of numbers in this case is 198 = 72ways
Combining (a), (b) and (c) we get  81+72+72 = 225 number

42Given digits 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 (five in number) can be arranged in 5 P5 =5! Ways.

But, this includes those numbers also which are less than 56000. Such numbers either begin with 4
or with 54.

ii) When 4 is fixed in the extreme left place, the remaining four places can be filled with
remaining four digits in 4 P4 = 4! Ways.

4__ x__ x___ x___ x___

ii) When 5 is fixed in the extreme left place and 4 in the next, the remaining three digits in 3 P3 =
3! Ways

5__ 4__ x___ x___ x___

Hence, the required number of numbers.

= 5! –(4! +3!)
= 120 – (24+6)
= 90

43.We construct the following table.

Initial letters Number of words

5
E xxxxx P5 =5! = 120
5
H xxxxx P5 =5! = 120
4
M E xxxx P4 =4! = 24
4
M H xxxx P4 =4! = 24
3
M O E xxx P3 =3! = 6
3
M O H xxx P3 =3! = 6
3
M O R xxx P3 =3! = 6
2
M O T E xx P2 =2! = 2

Up to this, there are 120 + 120 + 24 +24 + 6 + 6 + 6 + 2 = 308 words.

After this the letter” MOTHER” occurs and its position in the arrangement is 309th

44. (n+2)! = 2550 n!

(n+2) (n+1) n! = 2550 n!
n2 + 3n+ 2 = 2550
n2 + 3n − 2548 = 0
−3±√9+4(1)(2548)
n=
2
−3±√10201
=
2

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 Answer Key
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−3±101 −104 98
n = 2  n = 2 or n = 2 n = 52 or n = 49
n can’t be negative, . .̇n=49 Ans

2n
45. = 1.3.5 … … . . (2n − 1)2n
n

(2n)!
LHS =
n!

2n (2n−1)(2n−2)……  5  4 3 2 1
=
n!

[1.3.5…….(2n−1)2n [1.2.3……….n]
= n!

= 2n [1.3.5 … . . . (2n − 1)]

= RHS

46.i] 5 7 ________ 2,4,6,8, or 0

First place can be selected 1 way.

7 is placed next to 5, so this can be done in 1 ways.
Units place can take values 2, 4, 6, 8 or 0
So number in units place can be selected in 5C1 ways

. .̇total no of ways = 1  1  5C1

= 5 ways

ii) ___ ____ ____ 2, 4, 6, 8, 0

Ten’s place can be filled in 9 ways as any digit other than 5 can be placed there.
Units place can be selected in 5C1 ways as no. is even, it can be selected from 0,2,4,6,8.
8
C
Hundred’s place can be selected in 1 ways
(as 0 and 5 are excluded)
8
C1 9C1 5C1
Total no of ways =  
= 8 9  5= 360
Hence total no of even numbers of the said type = 5 + 360 = 365

47.i) If no points are collinear, no of lines drawn = 15C2

However, 4 points are collinear, no of lines drawn from it will be decreased by 1
i.e. 4C1  1 lines can be drawn.

Required no of line = 15C2 -( 4C2 -1)

= 15C2 - 4C2 +1
15  14 43
= 21
− 21
+ 1= 105  6+1= 98

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 Answer Key
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ii) If no points are collinear, no of triangle drawn = 15C3

however, 4 points are collinear, therefore triangle cannot be formed from them.
. .̇no to be decreased = 4C3
Required no of triangles = 15C3  4C3
15  14  13
=
321
−4

= 5 7 13  4= 455  4 = 451

2n
C1 , 2 nC2 , 2 nC3 are in A.P.
48.
2n
C1  2 nC3 2 n
 C2
2

2n
C1  2 nC3  2  2 nC2
2n ! 2n ! (2n)!
 2
(2n  1)!1! (2n  3)!3! (2n  1)!2!
2n(2n  1)! 2n(2n  1)(2n  2)(2n  3)! 2.2n(2n  1)(2 n  2)!
 
(2n  1)! (2n  3)!6 (2n  2)!2
6(2n)  2n(2n  1)(2n  2)  6.2n(2n  1)
6  4n 2  4n  2n  2  12n  6
4n 2  18n  14  0
2n 2  9n  7  0
2n(n  1)  7(n  1)  0
7
(2n  7)( n  1)  0  n  or n  1
2

𝑛 𝑐𝑎𝑛𝑛𝑜𝑡 𝑏𝑒 1 𝑎𝑠 2C3 can not exists . .̇ n = 7/2

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