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The simple pendulum demonstrates simple harmonic motion for small angles, where its period is determined solely by the string length and gravitational acceleration, independent of the bob's mass. Key assumptions include the small angle approximation, no damping, and a rigid string. Energy conservation is observed as kinetic and potential energy interchange during the pendulum's motion.

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24 views

chatgpt44

The simple pendulum demonstrates simple harmonic motion for small angles, where its period is determined solely by the string length and gravitational acceleration, independent of the bob's mass. Key assumptions include the small angle approximation, no damping, and a rigid string. Energy conservation is observed as kinetic and potential energy interchange during the pendulum's motion.

Uploaded by

rajanadarajan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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7. Key Assumptions
1. Small Angle Approximation: . This is valid for small displacements (typically
less than ).

2. No Damping: We assume that there’s no friction or air resistance acting on the bob, so it
can swing indefinitely.

3. Rigid String: The string is inextensible and massless.

8. Physical Interpretation
Simple Harmonic Motion (SHM): For small angles, the pendulum’s motion follows simple
harmonic motion. The restoring torque is proportional to the angular displacement , and
the system oscillates with a constant frequency .

Period Independence of Mass: The period depends only on the length of the string
and the local acceleration due to gravity , but not on the mass of the bob. This is a
significant characteristic of the simple pendulum.

9. Energy Conservation in the Pendulum


The motion of the pendulum involves continuous energy exchange between kinetic energy and
potential energy:

At the highest point in its swing (maximum ), all the energy is potential.

At the lowest point (where ), all the energy is kinetic.

The total mechanical energy of the system remains constant, provided no external forces (like
friction) are present.

Summary:
The simple pendulum exhibits simple harmonic motion for small angles.

Its period depends only on the length and the gravitational acceleration , and is
independent of the bob's mass.

The small angle approximation is crucial for deriving the equation of motion, simplifying
.

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