Scribd
Upload
2 views38 pages

Ethernet

The document outlines the evolution of Ethernet standards initiated by IEEE's Project 802, which began in 1985 to facilitate intercommunication among different manufacturers' equipment. It details the progression from Standard Ethernet to Fast Ethernet and Gigabit Ethernet, highlighting the changes in data rates and technologies such as bridged, switched, and full-duplex Ethernet. The document also discusses the applications of Ethernet in wired LANs and the ongoing research into higher data rate Ethernets.

Uploaded by

dhimandk261
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
2 views38 pages

Ethernet

The document outlines the evolution of Ethernet standards initiated by IEEE's Project 802, which began in 1985 to facilitate intercommunication among different manufacturers' equipment. It details the progression from Standard Ethernet to Fast Ethernet and Gigabit Ethernet, highlighting the changes in data rates and technologies such as bridged, switched, and full-duplex Ethernet. The document also discusses the applications of Ethernet in wired LANs and the ongoing research into higher data rate Ethernets.

Uploaded by

dhimandk261
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 38

IEEE Standards & Ethernet

IEEE STANDARDS
In 1985
1985,, the Computer Society of the IEEE started a
project, called Project 802
802,, to set standards to enable
intercommunication among equipment from a variety of
manufacturers.. Project 802 is a way of specifying
manufacturers
functions of the physical layer and the data link layer of
major LAN protocols
protocols..
OSI Model and Project 802
Project 802
IEEE standard for LANs
STANDARD ETHERNET
The original Ethernet was created in 1976 at Xerox’s
Palo Alto Research Center (PARC)
(PARC).. Since then, it has
gone through four generations
generations..
Ethernet evolution through four generations
802.3 MAC frame
Minimum and maximum lengths
Note
Frame length:
Minimum: 64 bytes (512 bits)
Maximum: 1518 bytes (12,144 bits)
Ethernet address/MAC address/Physical Address

 This address is the address of NIC itself


 NIC is from Network Interface Card or
simply a network-card
 How does it look like ?
Example of an Ethernet address in hexadecimal notation
How the address 47:20:1B:2E:08:EE is sent out on line.

The address is sent left-to-right, byte by byte; for


each byte, it is sent right-to-left, bit by bit, as shown
below:
Categories of Standard Ethernet
10Base5 implementation
10Base2 implementation
10Base-T implementation
10Base-F implementation
CHANGES IN THE STANDARD

The 1010--Mbps Standard Ethernet has gone through


several changes before moving to the higher data rates
rates..
These changes actually opened the road to the evolution
of the Ethernet to become compatible with other high
high--
data--rate LANs
data LANs..

•Bridged Ethernet
•Switched Ethernet
•Full-Duplex Ethernet
BRIDGED ETHERNET

 Advantages
◦ Raise bandwidth
◦ Separate collision domains
A network with and without a bridge
SWITCHED ETHERNET

 Better than bridged-Ethernet


 Reduced collision domain efficiently
 In this way, the bandwidth is shared only
between the station and the switch
Switched Ethernet
FULL DUPLEX ETHERNET

 In 10Base5 and 2, a station can either send or


receive, but may not do both at the same time.
 The next step in the evolution was to move from
switched Ethernet to full-duplex switched
Ethernet.
 The full-duplex mode increases the capacity of
each domain from 10 – 20 Mbps.
 But in this config. It uses 2-links. One to
transmit and one to receive. Refer the given fig.
Full-duplex switched Ethernet
FAST ETHERNET

Fast Ethernet was designed to compete with LAN


protocols such as FDDI or Fiber ChannelChannel.. IEEE
created Fast Ethernet under the name 802 802..3u. Fast
Ethernet is backward
backward--compatible with Standard
Ethernet, but it can transmit data 10 times faster at a
rate of 100 Mbps
Mbps..
Fast Ethernet topology
Fast Ethernet implementations
GIGABIT ETHERNET

The need for an even higher data rate resulted in the


design of the Gigabit Ethernet protocol (1000 Mbps)
Mbps)..
The IEEE committee calls the standard 802
802..3z.
OBJECTIVES OF GIGABIT ETHERNET

 Upgrade the data rate to 1Gbps


 Make it compatible with standard or fast
Ethernet
 Use the same 48-bit address
 Use the same frame format
 Keep the same minimum and max frame
length
 To support auto negotiation as defined in
fast Ethernet
Note
In the full-duplex mode of Gigabit Ethernet, there is no collision;
the maximum length of the cable is determined by the signal attenuation
in the cable.
Topologies of Gigabit Ethernet
Gigabit Ethernet implementations
Application
 Ethernet is used in Wired LAN’s as a
physical layer standard.
 All LANs based on Ethernet have
Ethernet card in each of their nodes and
nodes are connected through standard
cabling supported by desired Ethernet
LANs.
 Ethernet is giving higher data rates of
10Gigabits per second for Local area
Networks.
Scope of Research
 10 Gigabit Ethernet and higher data rate
Ethernets.
Assignment
 Compare the implementations of Ethernet,
Fast Ethernet and Gigabit Ethernet.

You might also like