CONTENTS

CONTENTS 1
ABSTRACT 2
CHAPTER-1:Introduction
Need of Smart Parking ? 3
Merits 4
.CHAPTER –2:Components
Arduino 5-7

Servo motor 8

LCD Display 8-9

InfraredSensor 9

Push Buttons 10

CHAPTER – 3: Working Principle

Working-principle 11

CHAPTER – 4: Simulation

Theory 12

Simulations on tinker cad 12-14

CHAPTER – 5: Further Modifications

Automatic Ticketing 15

Mobile App For Real-time Data 15

Extension To The Mobile App 15

CHAPTER – 6: Conclusion
Conclusion 16

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 ABSTRACT
In current times, the concept of smart cities have gained much
popularity. Consistent efforts are being made to maximize the
productivity and reliability of urban infrastructures. Parking is costly
and limited in almost every major city of India. Innovative parking
systems for meeting near term parking demand are needed. Due
to rapid increase in vehicle density especially during the peak
hours of the day, it is a tedious task for the public to find a secured
parking space for their vehicles. This proposes a novel, secured,
efficient and intelligent parking system based on Arduino and
sensors. The proposed smart parking system includes of an on
site slot module development that will monitor the availability of
each parking slot. Due to number of vehicles on road, causes
traffic problems our smart parking system helps us to find parking
spaces in parking lot with the implementation of smart parking
system patrons can easily locate vacant parking spaces
subsequently , the various sensor systems used in developing the
systems and our car parking system reducing congestion in cities
and our proposed models such that no man is needed to park the
cars and no receipt system problem in our project has the
automatic receipt system and this project helps in reducing the
average time of users for that they wait for the parking of car all
such systems will coordinate they do not require to wait we have
automatic door opening and closing system using Servo motor by
using push buttons such that car enter and exit though entry and
exit parking system we have created this project to 7 cars we can
increase the parking spaces such that many cars are parked in our
parking lot and we have used IR sensors for visualization . Further
modifications includes a mobile application that allows the user to
track the availability of parking space in the required locality. This
smart parking can increase the economy by lowering the labour
cost, reducing the fuel consumption and pollution in urban cities

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 CHAPTER -1 INTRODUCTION
Whenever we plan for an outing, the major concern that troubles
us is the availability of parking space at the desired location. A lot
of fuel is wasted in searching proper parking
space, which increases the pollution as well as cost. Generally, the
parking areas are managed by some private agencies that appoint
people to help in finding parking space and they charge an amount
which could be minimised if we opt for smart parking system. This
was the problem case for our minor project.
In the development of traffic management systems, an intelligent
parking system was created to reduce the cost of hiring people
and for optimal use of resources for car - park
owners. Currently, the common method of finding a parking space
is manual where the driver usually finds a space in the street
through luck and experience. This process takes time and effort
and may lead to the worst case of failing to find any
parking space if the driver is driving in a city with high vehicle
density. The alternative is to find a predefined car park with high
capacity. However, this is not an
optimal solution because the car park could usually be far away
from the user destination. In recent years, research has used
vehicle-to-vehicle and vehicle-to infrastructure interaction with the
support of various wireless network technologies.
However, the current intelligent parking system does not provide
an overall optimal solution in finding an available parking space,
does not solve the problem of load
balancing, does not provide economic benefit, and does not plan
for vehicle-refusal service. To resolve the afore mentioned
problems and take advantage of the significant development in
technology, the Arduino based applications has created a
revolution in many fields in life as well as in smart-parking system
(SPS) technology.
This research also implements a system prototype with wireless
access in an open-source physical computing platform based on
Arduino technology using a smart phone that provides and the
vehicles to verify the feasibility of the proposed system

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 Merits :
In order to make smart parking system we have to come up with a
robust system that should be efficient as well as uses least
resources :
•Optimized parking – Users find the best spot available, saving
time,resources and effort. The parking lot fills up efficiently and
space can be utilized properly by commercial and corporate
entities.
•Reduced pollution – Searching for parking burns around one
million barrels of oil a day. An optimal parking solution will
significantly decrease driving time, thus lowering the amount of
daily vehicle emissions and ultimately reducing the global
environmental footprint.
•Real-Time Data and Trend Insight – Over time, a smart parking
solution can produce data that uncovers correlations and trends of
users and lots. These trends can prove to be invaluable to lot
owners as to how to make adjustments and improvements to
drivers.
•Decreased Management Costs – More automation and less
manual activity saves on labor cost and resource exhaustion.

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 CHAPTER -2 Components Used
1. Arduino: In this project we have used arduino UNO board . It is
micro controller board based on the ATmega328P. It has 14 digital
input/output pins (of which 6 can be used as PWM outputs),
6 analog inputs, a 16 MHz quartz crystal, a USB connection, a
power jack, an ICSP header and a reset button. It contains
everything needed to support the micro controller; simply connect
it to a computer with a USB cable or power it with a AC-to-DC
adapter or battery to get started. The Arduino/Genuino Uno can be
programmed with the (Arduino Software (IDE)). The ATmega328
on the Arduino/Genuino Uno comes preprogrammed with a boot
loader that allows you to upload new code to it without the use of
an external hardware programmer. The Arduino/Genuino Uno
board can be powered via the USB connection or with an external
power supply. The power source is selected automatically. The
ATmega328 has 32 KB (with 0.5 KB occupied by the boot loader).
It also has 2 KB of SRAM and 1 KB of EEPROM (which can be
read and written with the EEPROM library)..

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• Power USB Arduino board can be powered by using the USB
cable from your computer. All you need to do is connect the USB
cable to the USB connection.
• Power Button Arduino boards can be powered directly from the
AC mains power supply by connecting to it.
• Voltage Regulator The function of the voltage regulator is to
control the voltage given to the Arduino board and stabilize the DC
voltages used by the processor and other elements.
• Crystal Oscillator The crystal oscillator helps Arduino in
dealing with time issues. How does Arduino calculate time? The
answer is, by using the crystal oscillator.
• Arduino Reset You can reset your Arduino board, i.e., start
your program from the beginning. You can reset the UNO board in
two ways. First, by using the reset button on the board. Second,
you can connect an external reset button to the Arduino pin
labelled RESET.
• Pins (3.3, 5, GND, Vin)
➢ 3.3V (6) − Supply 3.3 output volt
➢ 5V (7) − Supply 5 output volt
➢ Most of the components used with Arduino board works fine
with 3.3 volt and 5 volt.
➢ GND (8)(Ground) − There are several GND pins on the Arduino,
any of which can be used to ground your circuit.
➢ Vin (9) − This pin also can be used to power the Arduino board
from an external power source, like AC mains power supply. .
• Analog pins The Arduino UNO board has six analog input pins
A0 through A5. These pins can read the signal from an analog
sensor like the humidity sensor or temperature sensor and convert
it into a digital value that can be read by the microprocessor.

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• ATmega 328 microcontroller It is a single chip
Microcontroller of the ATmel family. The processor code inside it is
of 8-bit. It combines Memory (SRAM, EEPROM, and Flash),
Analog to Digital Converter, SPI serial ports, I/O lines, registers,
timer, external and internal interrupts, and oscillator.
• ICSP pin The In-Circuit Serial Programming pin allows the user
to program using the firmware of the Arduino board.
• Power LED indicator This LED should light up when you plug
your Arduino into a power source to indicate that your board is
powered up correctly. If this light does not turn on, then there is
something wrong with the connection.
• TX and RX LEDs On your board, you will find two labels: TX
(transmit) and RX (receive). They appear in two places on the
Arduino UNO board. First, at the digital pins 0 and 1, to indicate
the pins responsible for serial communication. Second, the TX and
RX led (13). The TX led flashes with different speed while sending
the serial data. The speed of flashing depends on the baud rate
used by the board. RX flashes during the receiving process.
• Digital I/O The Arduino UNO board has 14 digital I/O pins (15)
(of which 6 provide PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) output. These
pins can be configured to work as input digital pins to read logic
values (0 or 1) or as digital output pins to drive different modules
like LEDs, relays, etc. The pins labeled “~” can be used to
generate PWM.
• AREF AREF stands for Analog Reference. It is sometimes,
used to set an external reference voltage (between 0 and 5 Volts)
as the upper limit for the analog input

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2. Servo Motor : A servomotor is a rotary actuator or linear
actuator that allows for precise control of angular or linear position,
velocity and acceleration. It consists of a suitable motor coupled to
a sensor for position feedback. It also requires a relatively
sophisticated controller (Arduino UNO in our case), often a
dedicated module designed specifically for use with servomotors.
A servomotor is a closed-loop servomechanism that uses position
feedback to control its motion and final position. The input to its
control is a signal (either analogue or digital) representing the
position commanded for the output shaft. The motor is paired with
some type of position encoder to provide position and speed
feedback. In the simplest case, only the position is measured. The
measured position of the output is compared to the command
position, the external input to the controller. If the output position
differs from that required, an error signal is generated which then
causes the motor to rotate in either direction, as needed to bring
the output shaft to the appropriate position. As the positions
approach, the error signal reduces to zero and the motor stops.
2- LCD Display : LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) is a type of flat
panel display which uses liquid crystals in its primary form of
operation. LEDs have a large and varying set of use cases for
consumers and businesses, as they can be commonly found in
smartphones, televisions, computer monitors and instrument
panels.

A display is made up of millions of pixels. The quality of a display

commonly refers to the number of pixels; for example, a 4K display
is made up of 3840 x2160 or 4096x2160 pixels. A pixel is made up

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of three subpixels; a red, blue and green—commonly called RGB.
When the subpixels in a pixel change color combinations, a
different color can be produced. With all the pixels on a display
working together, the display can make millions of different colors.
When the pixels are rapidly switched on and off, a picture is
created. We have used an LCD Display which shows the total
number of slots and the free slots available in the parking area. If
there is no parking spots available then it can show ‘Space Full!”
3- IR Sensors : IR sensor is an electronic device, that emits the
light in order to sense some object of the surroundings. An IR
sensor can measure the heat of an object as well as detects the
motion. Usually, in the infrared spectrum, all the objects radiate
some form of thermal radiation. These types of radiations are
invisible to our eyes, but infrared sensor can detect these
radiations.

The emitter is simply an IR LED (Light Emitting Diode) and the

detector is simply an IR photodiode . Photodiode is sensitive to IR
light of the same wavelength which is emitted by the IR LED.
When IR light falls on the photodiode, the resistances and the
output voltages will change in proportion to the magnitude of the IR
light received. There are five basic elements used in a typical
infrared detection system: an infrared source, a transmission
medium, optical component, infrared detectors or receivers and
signal processing. Infrared lasers and Infrared LED’s of specific
wavelength used as infrared sources.

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4-Push Buttons : The push button switch is usually used to turn
on and off the control circuit, and it is a kind of control switch
appliance that is widely used. It is used in electrical automatic
control circuits to manually send control signals to control
contactors, relays, electromagnetic starters, etc.

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 CHAPTER -3 Working Principal
Working While making all the connections firstly we have Aurdino
in which it has 6 analog inputs and 10 digital input/output pins and
its operating voltage is 5 v and input voltage is 20 v and servo
motor provides rotatory actuatory of motor for precise control in
terms of angular position velocity and acceleration and LCD is
used to display the things then we require and potentiometer when
the wiper rotates it shows output on LCD screen and push buttons
helps to detect available parking spaces facilating the task of
drivers looking for vacant parking spots in closed spaces .

when we push a push button accordingly our servo motor rotates

then it shows output on LCD using potentiometer shows “space left
of 7 cars” through entry port then accordingly it “shows space left
for 6 cars” after then again pressing on push button multiple times
then at last it displays “no space left” means all the 7 cars are
inside in parking lot there is no space left or car to park so to park
more cars inside the parking lot we try to exit cars in parking lot so
this is done by exit port when cars exit in parking lot then when we
press a push button accordingly servo motor rotates it shows
output on LCD “space left for one car” similarly second car exit
accordingly servo motor rotates and shows output on LCD “space
left for 2 cars” similarly all the cars exit in parking lot and at last it
shows “Space left for 7 car”.

Then again same process happens in Entry and Exit push buttons
in this way the smart parking system project works.

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 CHAPTER -4 Simulations
Theory :To simulate our project car parking system using Aurdino
first we need a resistor of value 10 kilo ohm each then we require
two push buttons at the entry of parking lot and exit port of parking
lot out of which entry terminal push button is connected to pin 8 of
Aurdino via resistor by pin 10 of Aurdino . Now exit terminal push
button is connected to pin 9 of Aurdino connected via entry
terminal push button through resistors by pin 6 of Aurdino .Then
we require potentiometer to give contrast on lcd output it has three
terminals terminal 1 terminals 2 and wiper for rotation and terminal
1 connected to 5 v of aurdino wiper connected to contrast of LCD
display and terminal 2 is connected to ground pin of Aurdino . Now
we require Servo motor for three pin Ground pin Power pin and
signal pin . Now ground pin is connected to ground pin of Aurdino
and power pin is connected to 5 v of Aurdino and signal pin is
connected to pin 7 of Aurdino . Now we require LCD display in
which LCD cathode to ground pin of aurdino and LCD anode is
connected to resistor through 5 v of Aurdino and DB7 pin of LCD is
connected to pin 2 of Aurdino then DB6 pin is connected to pin 3 of
Aurdino and DB5 pin is connected to pin 4 of Aurdino and DB4 pin
is connected to pin 5 of Aurdino and enable pin is connected to pin
11 of Aurdino then Read/write pin is connected ground of Aurdino
and register pin is connected to pin 12 of Aurdino and power is
connected to 5v of Aurdino and ground is connected to ground of
Aurdino.

Simulation On Tinkercad :

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 .

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Page 14
 CHAPTER 5 Further Modifications

Automatic Ticketing An automatic ticket generating system can be

added to this project. The parts of to be added for implementing
this extension are as follows:
➢ Object detection: The object detection model will analyze the
size of the vehicle and detect the type of it. And accordingly it will
provide a suitable parking slot for your vehicle.
➢ Optical Character Recognition: For an automatic ticketing
system, it needs to have a registration number and brand of the
vehicle on the parking ticket. So for extracting the registration
number and the brand, we will use the OCR model to detect the
number plate and the text on it. To generate tickets.

Mobile App for Realtime Data: We can also have the mobile app or
WebApp to display the real time status of parking lots in the
parking area in nearby locations. The main components of the
Mobile app can be:
➢ List of Parking Areas in the location: Users can see the list of all
the parking areas available in the nearby locations. Location can
be automatically detected by the app ( depends on the user).
➢ The Parking Slot Map: Users can also see the map of the
parking slots in any particular parking area. This will help the user
to quickly find the Parking slot he is allotted.
Extension To The Mobile App: Users can see the real time status
of the total number of slots and free slots in the nearby Parking
Areas. But they still have to go and get a token manually for
parking the car. With this extension, users will be able to book the
parking slot in advance from the application itself. They do not
have to worry about whether there will be any spot available for
them at 3 pm tomorrow or not.
They can have tickets in advance.

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 CHAPTER 6 CONCLUSION

This study has proposed a parking system that improves

performance by reducing the number of users that fail to find a
parking space and minimizes the costs of moving to the parking
space. Our proposed architecture and system has been
successfully simulated and implemented in a real situation. The
results show that our algorithm significantly reduces the average
waiting time of users for parking. Our results closely agree with
those of our proposed mathematical models. The simulation of our
system achieved the optimal solution when most of the vehicles
successfully found a free parking space. The average waiting time
of each car park for service becomes minimal, and the total time of
each vehicle in each car park is reduced. In our future study, we
will consider the security aspects of our system as well as
implement our proposed system in large scales in the real world.

If this smart parking system with all the mentioned modifications is

implemented, then surely this would be a revolution in the field of
parking. This system would save time, fuel, labour and thus would
decrease the cost. All we need is just a single time investment. We
would be able to check the availability of parking space a well as
book a slot just by a single click. Since the details of the vehicle as
well as the driver are being collected, so they can be referred for
any discrepancy in the parking slots, thus improving the security of
our vehicles too.

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