Rizal’s Life, Works & Writings

LESSON I: PARENTS OF RIZAL

• FRANCISCO M. RIZAL HISTORY OF JOSE RIZAL’S NAME

o Born on May 11, 1818
o Binan Laguna
JOSE PROTACIO RIZAL MERCADO Y
o Studied Latin and ALONSO REALONDA
Philosophy at the College of
San Jose Manila JOSE
o Died in Manila on January • From his mother who was a
5, 1898, at the age of 80 devotee of San Jose
• TEODORA ALONSO REALONDA PROTACIO
o Born on November 8. 1826 • From Gervacio P. who came from a
o Manila Christian calendar.
o Educated at the College of RIZAL
Santa Rosa • Derived from the word “Ricial”
o First teacher of the hero which means green fields
o Died on August 16, 1911, in MERCADO
Manila at the age of 80 • A Chinese Immigrant from
THE SIBLINGS Changchow China who changed
• SATURNINA “Neneng” his surname to Mercado-Palengke.
• PACIANO “Confidant of Rizal” ALONSO
• NARCISA “Sisa” • Former surname of Rizal’s mother.
• OLIMPIA “Ypia” REALONDA
• LUCIA “Married to Mariano Herbosa” • Used by Donya Teodora who came
• MARIA “Biang” from her grandmother.
• JOSE PROTACIO RIZAL MERCADO Y
ALONSO REALONDA INFLUENCES ON RIZAL’S YOUTH
o Born on June 19, 1861 • Hereditary Influence
o Christening – June 22,1861 o Malay: matapang sa
o Calamba Laguna paglalakbay
o “Pepe” o Chino: seryoso at masinop
o Died on December 30, 1896 o Espanyol: elegante at
o Jose came from a Saint galante sa kababaihan
Name “San Jose” • Environmental Influence
• CONCEPTION “Concha” o mga taong nasa paligid
• JOSEFA ”Panggoy” o GOMBURZA-pagiging
• TRINIDAD “Trining” relihiyoso
• SOLEDAD “Choleng” • God Help
RIZAL’S EARLY EDUCATION under the suspicion of the
• Rizal first teacher was his mother Spanish Authorities
• Maestro Celestino (Private Tutor) • Rizal was first boarded in a
• Maestro Lucas Padua (Private house outside the Intramuros
Tutor) on Caraballo Street, who
• Leon Monroy (former classmates of owned by Titay.
Rizal’s father, Spanish & Latin)
• Justiniano Aquino Cruz (Rizal first JESUIT SYSTEM OF EDUCATION
teacher in Biñan) • Roman Empire
• Tandang Juancho(painting) o Consisting of interiors
(boarders); red banner
RA 1425-RIZAL LAW • Carthaginian Empire
• June 12, 1956 o Composed of externos
• Senator Claro M. Recto (non-boarders) ; blue
• Former Senator Jose P. Laurel banner
RANK OF AN EMPIRE
LESSON II: JOSE RIZAL IN ATENEO • Emperor
Escuela Pia • Tribune
• A school for poor boys in Manila • Centurion
which was established by the city • Decurion
government in 1817 • Stand-Bearer
Ateneo Municipal FIRST YEAR IN ATENEO (1872-1873)
• A college under the supervision of • Father Jose Bech - Rizal’s first
Spanish Jesuits professor in Ateneo
Fr. Magin Ferrando • A Religious picture - Rizal’s first
• Refused to admit Rizal in Ateneo for prize for being the brightest pupil in
two reasons: the whole class
1. he was late for registration • To improve his Spanish, Rizal took a
2. he was sickly &undersized for private lesson in Santa Isabel
his age College during the noon recesses.
Manuel Xerez Burgos He paid (3.00) for those extra
• Because of his intercession, Rizal Spanish Lessons.
was reluctantly admitted at the • March 1873, Rizal returned to
Ateneo Calamba for summer vacation.
Jose Rizal SECOND YEAR IN ATENEO (1873-1874)
• Jose was the first of his family • Rizal returned to Manila for his
to adopt the surname “Rizal” second-year term in Ateneo
• He registered under this name • He boarded inside Intramuros at
at Ateneo because their family Magallanes St., his landlady was
name “Mercado” had come an old widow named Doña Pepay
 • At the end of the school year, Rizal • Mi Primera Inspiracion (My first
received excellent grades in all Inspiration) - the first poem of Rizal
subjects and received a gold probably wrote during his days in
medal Ateneo dedicated to his mother on
• The Count of Monte Cristo - the her birthday.
first favorite novel of Rizal which • Al Niño Jesus (To the Child Jesus)
made a deep impression on him. • A La Virgen Maria (To the Virgin
THIRD YEAR IN ATENEO (1874-1875) Mary)
• Rizal’s grades remained excellent in • San Eustacio, Martir (St. Eustace,
all subjects, but he won only one (1) the Martyr)
medal - in Latin Take notes:
• Rizal returned to Calamba for the • July 10, 1872- Lumuwas sila
summer vacation Paciano, Rizal at Franciso
FOURTH YEAR IN ATENEO (1875-1876) • Kolehiyo ng San Juan de Letran
• June 16, 1875 - Rizal became an • Titay-in debt to family Rizal –
interno in the Ateneo Php300
• Padre Francisco de Paula Sanchez • Rizal took Bachelor of Science in
- a great educator and scholar, one Arts (5 YEARS)
of Rizal’s professors who inspired
him to study harder to write poetry LESSON III: RIZAL MEDICAL STUDIES IN
• Rizal topped all his classmates in all UST
subjects and won five (5) medals
at the end of school term
Segunda Katigbak
LAST YEAR IN ATENEO (1876-1877)
• After Jose Rizal's graduation from
• March 23, 1877-Commencement
the Ateneo he experienced his first
Day of Rizal
romance at the age of 16 years old
• Marian Congregation - a religious
• 14-year-old batanggenya from
society wherein Rizal was an active
Lipa.
member and later became the
• Rizal described Segunda as “may
secretary
katamtamang taas, mapupungay
• Rizal studied painting under the
na mata, namumulang pisngi, may
famous Spanish painter Agustin
Magandang ngiti, at sa kabuuan,
Saez, sculpture under Romualdo de
siya ay kahali-halina.”
Jesus a Filipino sculptor
• Kapatid si Segunda ng matalik na
POEMS WRITTEN IN ATENEO
kaibigan ni Rizal na si Mariano
• It was Doña Teodora who first
Katigbak.
discovered the poetic genius of her
• Studied at La Concordia
son, and it was also she who first
• Ngunit nakatakdang ikasal kay
encouraged him to write poems.
Manuel Cruz.
 • He had written to Father Pablo
MEDICAL STUDIES AT UNIVERSITY OF SANTO Ramon, rector at the Ateneo, asking
TOMAS (1877-1882) for advice on the choice of career.
• After finishing the first year of a • It was during the following term
course in Philosophy and Letters (1878-1879), Rizal received Father
(1877-1878), he transferred to a Pablo Ramon advice to study
medical course. medicine.
MOTHERS OPPOSITION TO HIGHER • He shifted his course from
EDUCATION Philosophy and Letters to Medical
Study.
• After graduating with the highest • Another reason why he chose
honor in Ateneo, Rizal had to go to medicine for a career was to be
the UST for higher studies. able to cure his mother’s growing
• Both Don Francisco and Paciano blindness.
wanted Rizal to pursue higher FINISHES SURVEYING COURSES IN
learning in the university “Don’t ATENEO (1878)
send him to Manila again; he • Rizal took a vocational course
knows enough, if he gets to know leading to a title of perito
more the Spaniards will cut off his agrimensor (expert surveyor)
head” Donya Teodora. • He excelled in all subjects in the
• The Bachelor of Arts course during surveying course in Ateneo and
the Spanish time was equivalent obtained a gold medal in
only on to the junior college Agriculture and Topography.
courses today. • At the age of 17, he passed the
• A year later, he wrote on his journal final examination, but he could
“Did my mother perhaps have not be granted the title because
foreboding of what would happen he was below age.
to me?” • The title was issued to him on
November 25, 1881. (waited 3
RIZALS ENTER THE UNIVERSITY years to received, 21 years old)
• In April 1877, Rizal who was nearly
16-year-old matriculated at the
University of Santo Tomas, taking ROMANCES WITH OTHER GIRLS
the course Philosophy and Letters • Miss L, describing her as fair with
• He enrolled for two reasons: seductive and attractive eyes.
o His father liked it • After visiting her in her house
o He was still uncertain as to several times, he suddenly stopped
what career to pursue his wooing.
• However, he gave two reasons for
his change of her;
 o The sweet memory of • He won a silver pen, feather-
Segunda was still fresh in his shaped and decorated with a gold
heart and ribbon.
o His father did not like the • He was happy to win the poetry
family of Miss L contest and sincerely
• Leonor Valenzuela (Orang)- a tall congratulated by the Jesuits, his
girl with regal bearing. relatives and friends.
• He sent her love notes written in • This winning poem is a classic in
invisible ink. But as with Segunda, Philippine Literature for 2 reasons:
he stopped short of proposing o It was the first great poem
marriage to Orang. written in Spanish by a
• Leonor Rivera – his cousin from Filipino, whose merit was
Camiling recognized by Spanish
• She was a student at La Concordia literary authorities.
College where Soledad was then o It expressed the
studying. nationalistic concept that
• They became engaged the Filipinos, and not the
• In his letters to Rizal, Leonor signed foreigners were the “fair
her name as “Taimis” to hope of the motherland”
camouflage their intimate OTHER LITERARY WORKS OF RIZAL
relationship with their parents and • The council of the Gods
friends. • El Consejo de Los Dioses
• Junto al Pasig
VICTIM OF SPANISH OFFICERS BRUTALITY • A Filipinas
• When he was a freshman medical • Abd-el-Azis y Mahoma
student at UST, he experienced his first • Al M.R.P Pablo Ramon
taste of Spanish brutality.
• Rizal reported the incident to General RIZAL VISITS TO PAKIL AND PAGSANJAN
Primo de Rivera, but nothing came out • He went to pilgrimage to the town
to his complaints. of Pakil accompanied by his sisters;
Saturnin, Maria and Trinidad and
TO THE FILIPINO YOUTH (1879) female friends.
• In 1879, the Liceo Artistico-Literario • They were fascinated by the
(Artistic Literary Lyceum) in Manila famous turumba in honor of the
held a literary contest. miraculous Birhen Maria de Los
• Rizal who was a 18 years old joined Dolores.
and submitted his poem “A La • In Pakil, he was infatuated by a
Juventud Filipina” (To the Filipino pretty girl Colegiala, Vicenta Y
Youth) Bardolaza, who skillfully played the
harp at the Regalado Home.
 • They also visited Pagsanjan Falls. • He did not seek his parents’
CHAMPION OF FILIPINO STUDENTS approval because he know that
• Rizal was the champion of Filipino they would disapprove it.
students in their frequent fights
owing to his skills in fencing and
wrestling.
• In 1880, he founded a secret society
of Filipino students in UST called
Companerismo (Comradeship)
where members were called
“Companions of Jehu”

UNHAPPY DAYS AT THE UST

• He was unhappy at this Dominican
institution of higher learning
because
o The Dominican professors
were hostile to him.
o The Filipino students were
racially discriminated
against by the Spaniards
and
o The Method of instruction
was obsolete and repressive
(mataas ang standards)
o Because of the unfriendly
attitude of his professors, he
failed to win high scholastic
honor although his grades
un 1st year of Philosophy and
Letters were all excellent.

DECISION TO STUDY ABROAD

• After finishing 4th year of his
medical course, Rizal decided to
study in Spain
• His brother, Paciano approved his
decision