Republic of Yemen

The Ministry of Education and

2024
Experiment NO (3)

Inverting and Non-inverting Op-Amp

Prepared By:
Mohammed Abdulkawi Hamied Ghalib
202370291
Group: 3
System: General

Supervised by:
Eng. Amjed Al-Shagthah
 Table of contents
Abstract...............................................................................................................................................................2
Introduction........................................................................................................................................................2
Objectives...........................................................................................................................................................2
Tools.....................................................................................................................................................................2
Circuit Simulation.............................................................................................................................................3
Procedure...........................................................................................................................................................5
Results.................................................................................................................................................................6
Calculations.......................................................................................................................................................6
Discussion..........................................................................................................................................................7
Conclusion.........................................................................................................................................................7
Recommendations...........................................................................................................................................7

Table of figures
Figure 1: Inverting Amplifier Circuit.....................................................................................................................3
Figure 2: Inverting Amplifier Oscilloscope Results..............................................................................................3
Figure 3: Non-inverting Amplifier Circuit.............................................................................................................4
Figure 4: Non-inverting Amplifier Oscilloscope Results......................................................................................4

Table of tables
Table 1: Inverting Amplifier Results.....................................................................................................................6
Table 2: Non-inverting Amplifier Results.............................................................................................................6

1
Abstract
This report explores the construction and analysis of both inverting and non-
inverting amplifier circuits using a μ741 operational amplifier (op-amp). The
experiment aims to enhance understanding of op-amp functionality and its
application in amplifier circuits. Observations include the comparison between
theoretical and practical gain values for both amplifier configurations.

Introduction
Operational amplifiers (op-amps) are versatile components in electronic
circuits, capable of performing a wide range of mathematical operations,
including amplification, addition, and subtraction. This experiment focuses on
constructing and testing inverting and non-inverting amplifier circuits using the
μ741 op-amp, a commonly used component in analog electronics. The study
provides insights into the behavior of op-amps in different circuit
configurations.

Objectives
1. To construct both inverting and non-inverting amplifier circuits using the μ741
op-amp.
2. To deepen the understanding of the operational amplifier's working principles.
3. To compare the observed gain of the constructed circuits with the theoretical
expectations.

Tools
1. 2xDC Regulated Power Supply (15V)
2. 𝜇741
3. Resistors: 10k Ω, 100k Ω
4. Function Generator
5. Connecting Wires
6. Cathode Ray Oscilloscope (CRO)
2
Circuit Simulation

Figure 1: Inverting Amplifier Circuit

Figure 2: Inverting Amplifier Oscilloscope Results

3
 Figure 3: Non-inverting Amplifier Circuit

Figure 4: Non-inverting Amplifier Oscilloscope Results

4
Procedure
Inverting Amplifier:
1. Assemble the circuit as shown in the provided schematic for the
inverting amplifier.
2. The circuit provides a closed-loop gain, which is significantly lower than
the open-loop gain of the op-amp.
3. Apply an input signal with a peak-to-peak amplitude of 1V from the
function generator.
4. Use the oscilloscope to observe the output waveform and determine the
actual gain of the amplifier.
Non-Inverting Amplifier:
1. Construct the circuit as per the schematic for the non-inverting amplifier.
2. This circuit also operates with a closed-loop gain.
3. Similar to the inverting amplifier, test the circuit by applying a 1V peak-
to- peak input signal from the function generator.
4. Observe the output waveform using the oscilloscope and calculate the
actual gain

5
Results
Inverting Amplifier

𝒇 𝑽𝒊 𝑽𝒐 𝑉𝑜
Input frequency Input voltage p-p Output voltage p-p Gain

𝑯𝒛 𝒎𝑽 𝒎𝑽 𝑨𝒗 = 𝑖
𝑉
50 2 20 10
Table 1: Inverting Amplifier Results

Non-inverting Amplifier

𝒇 𝑽𝒊 𝑽𝒐 𝑉𝑜
Input frequency Input voltage p-p Output voltage p-p Gain

𝑯𝒛 𝒎𝑽 𝒎𝑽 𝑨𝒗 = 𝑖
𝑉
50 2 22 11
Table 2: Non-inverting Amplifier Results

Calculations
 From the inverting
𝑅𝑖 = 10𝑘Ω, 𝑅𝑓 = 100𝑘Ω
𝑅𝑓
circuit:

𝐴𝑣 = − = 10
𝑖
�
From the table we can find that:𝑉 20
𝐴 = = = 10
𝑜

𝑉𝑖 2
𝑣

𝑅𝑖 = 10𝑘Ω, 𝑅𝑓 = 100𝑘Ω
 From the noninverting circuit:

𝑅𝑓
𝐴𝑣 = 1 + = 1 + 10 = 11
�𝑖
From the table we can find that:𝑉 22
𝐴 = = = 11
𝑜

𝑣
𝑉𝑖 2
That proofs that the experimental results equal the theoretical results.

6
Discussion
The experiment demonstrated the practical application of μ741 op-amps in
constructing amplifier circuits. The inverting amplifier produced an output that
was inverted relative to the input, with a gain determined by the ratio of the
feedback resistor to the input resistor. In contrast, the non-inverting amplifier
maintained the phase of the input signal while providing a gain based on the
resistor network in the feedback loop. The observed gain in both circuits was
consistent with theoretical predictions, although minor discrepancies were
noted, possibly due to component tolerances or measurement inaccuracies.

Conclusion
The μ741 operational amplifier effectively facilitates the construction of both
inverting and non-inverting amplifiers. The experiment successfully reinforced
the concepts of op-amp functionality, particularly in terms of how different
circuit configurations influence the output gain. The practical gains closely
matched the theoretical values, demonstrating the reliability of the μ741 in
amplifier circuits.

Recommendations
 To improve accuracy, future experiments could utilize precision resistors and
more advanced measurement equipment.
 Further studies could explore the effects of varying input signal frequencies on
the gain and stability of the amplifiers.
 Extending the experiment to include other op-amp models might provide
additional insights into performance variations across different devices.