11/09/2023 Code-A

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MM : 1076 Medical-Excretion Time : 120 Min.

zoology

1. In a healthy human, amount of urea excreted 6. Where are the specialised cells called
per day is podocytes found in a nephron?
(1) 50 – 60 mg (1) PCT
(2) 25 – 30 mg (2) DCT
(3) 25 – 30 gm (3) Bowman’s capsule
(4) 40 – 50 gm (4) Collecting duct

2. Part of the excretory system that connects 7. Our lungs help in excretion of
kidney to urinary bladder is/are (1) Large amount of only CO2 per day
(1) Renal pelvis
(2) Large amount of CO2 and significant
(2) Collecting duct amount of water everyday
(3) Ureters (3) Large amount of CO2 and metabolic N2
(4) Urethra
(4) Large amount of CO2 , O2 and CO

3. In a nephron of human kidney, the major

8. Which of the following substances are
calyces open into a broad funnel-shaped
retained in interstitium of medullary region of
structure called ____.
kidneys to increase its osmolarity?
Choose the option which fills the blank
correctly. (1) Na+ and K+
(1) Renal column (2) Sodium ions and urea
(2) Renal capsule (3) Urea and uric acid
(3) Column of Bertini (4) Glucose and urea
(4) Renal pelvis
9. Select mismatch w.r.t. organisms and their
4. Choose the most toxic nitrogenous waste excretory organs.
among the following options. (1) Amphioxus – Protonephridia
(1) Urea (2) Pheretima – Nephridia
(2) Uric acid (3) Periplaneta – Tracheal tubes
(3) Ammonia (4) Balanoglossus – Proboscis gland
(4) Creatinine
10. Choose the odd one w.r.t. major forms of
5. In kidney, extensions of cortex between nitrogenous waste excreted by animals.
medullary pyramids are known as (1) Amino acid
(1) Ducts of Bellini (2) Ammonia
(2) Renal calyces (3) Urea
(3) Columns of Bertini (4) Uric acid
(4) Columnae carnae

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Medical-Excretion

11. The part of renal tubule which is almost 17. A posterior pituitary hormone which prevents
impermeable to water is wide swings in water balance helping to
(1) Descending limb of loop of Henle avoid dehydration or water overload is
(2) Ascending limb of loop of Henle (1) Vasopressin
(3) PCT (2) Oxytocin
(4) Collecting duct (3) Aldosterone
(4) Creatinine
12. Which hormone does not lead to
reabsorption of Na+ and water from the 18. Which of the following organism is
distal parts of the renal tubule? ammonotelic?
(1) ANF (1) Mammals
(2) ADH (2) Reptiles
(3) Aldosterone (3) Land Snails
(4) Renin (4) Most bony fishes

13. The renal cortex extends between the 19. In the given figure below, X represents
medullary pyramids as
(1) Renal pelvis
(2) Renal corpuscle
(3) Columns of Bertini
(4) Calyx

14. A : A functional kidney of a close relative is

preferred during transplantation.
R : It minimises the chances of rejection by
the immune system of the host.
(1) Renal pelvis
(1) Both Assertion & Reason are true and
(2) Calyx
the reason is the correct explanation of
the assertion (3) Renal column
(2) Both Assertion & Reason are true but (4) Medullary pyramid
the reason is not the correct
explanation of the assertion
20. A fall in GFR can activate the JG cells to
(3) Assertion is true statement but Reason release _______ which can stimulate the
is false glomerular blood flow and thereby bring the
(4) Both Assertion and Reason are false GFR back to normal. Choose the option
statements which fills the blank correctly.
(1) Renin
15. Match column I with column II and choose (2) Angiotensin-II
the correct option. (3) Rennin
Column I Column II (4) Erythropoietin
Inflammation of the
a. Nephritis (i)
urinary bladder
21. Maximum absorption of electrolytes and
Presence of blood in the water occurs in which part of nephron in a
b. Cystitis (ii)
urine dehydrated person?
Inflammation of the (1) PCT
c. Uremia (iii)
kidney
(2) Henle’s loop
Increased concentration
d. Haematuria (iv) (3) DCT
of urea in blood
(4) Collecting duct
(1) a(iv), b(iii), c(i), d(ii)
(2) a(i), b(ii), c(iii), d(iv)
(3) a(iii), b(i), c(iv), d(ii)
(4) a(iii), b(iv), c(i), d(ii)

16. Choose the odd one w.r.t uricotelic animals

(1) Reptiles
(2) Birds
(3) Land snails
(4) Aquatic amphibians

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Medical-Excretion

22. In humans, kidney are situated between the 29. On an average _______ mL of blood is
levels of A and B vertebra filtered by the kidneys per minute.
¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯ ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯ Select the correct option to fill in the blank.
close to the C inner wall of
(1) 200 – 300
¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯
abdominal cavity. A, B and C in the above (2) 1100 – 1200
mentioned statement are
(3) 4500 – 5000
(1) A - T12 , B - L3 and C - dorsal
(4) 6000
(2) A - T5 , B - L12 and C - ventral
(3) A - T1 , B - L3 and C - dorsal
30. The most toxic excretory product is
(4) A - T12 , B - L3 and C - ventral (1) Ammonia
(2) Urea
23. The approximate number of malpighian (3) Uric acid
corpuscles present in each kidney of human (4) CO2
is
(1) 1 million
(2) 5 million 31. The volume of blood filtered by kidneys per
minute which constitutes roughly 20% of the
(3) 1,00,000 blood pumped out by each ventricle of the
(4) 3 million heart in a minute is
(1) 625 – 650 mL
24. The U–shaped blood vessel running parallel (2) 1100 – 1200 mL
to the Henle’s loop is (3) 1500 – 2000 mL
(1) Glomerular capillaries (4) 500 – 650 mL
(2) Renal artery
(3) Duct of Bellini
32. Elimination of urea in urine is a result of the
(4) Vasa recta process known as
(1) Tubular secretion
25. Identify the mismatch (2) Ultrafiltration
(1) Glycosuria – Presence of glucose in (3) Active absorption
urine (4) Selective reabsorption
(2) Ketonuria – Presence of ketone bodies
in urine
33. Protonephridia or flame cells are the
(3) Uremia – Presence of urea in urine excretory structures present in
(4) Renal calculi – Oxalate stones formed (1) Prawns, cockroaches
within the kidney
(2) Earthworm, Ascaris
(3) Rotifers, earthworm
26. Sweat contains all except
(4) Planaria, Amphioxus
(1) NaCl
(2) Small amounts of urea
34. Which of the following part of nephron is not
(3) Lactic acid
situated in the cortical region of the kidney?
(4) Sterols (1) Malpighian corpuscle
(2) PCT
27. The walls of the atria of the heart release (3) DCT
ANF in response to
(4) Loop of Henle
(1) Increase in blood volume and pressure
(2) Decrease in blood volume and
pressure 35. Renin is released from JGA in response to
(3) Increase in blood volume but decrease (1) High glomerular blood pressure
in blood pressure (2) Fall in glomerular blood flow
(4) Decrease in blood volume but increase (3) High GFR
in blood pressure (4) Decrease in osmolarity

28. In a normal adult human, on an average, 36. Main excretory waste product in humans is
how much urea is excreted out per day? (1) Ammonia
(1) 10–15 gm
(2) Urea
(2) 125–180 gm
(3) Uric acid
(3) 25–30 gm
(4) Creatine
(4) 35–40 gm

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Medical-Excretion

37. Which of the following exerts counter control 44. The reabsorption of water in kidneys is
on RAAS pathway? under the control of a hormone called
(1) ANF (1) STH
(2) ADH (2) ACTH
(3) Renin (3) LH
(4) JGA (4) ADH

38. How many functional units are present in 45. The osmolytes which maintain the
human kidneys? osmolarity in the medullary interstitium are
(1) 1 million (1) HCO3 – and NaCl
(2) 2 million (2) Na+ and HCO –
3
(3) 3 million
(3) Urea and NaCl
(4) 3.4 million
(4) Only urea

39. A comparison of the volume of the filtrate

formed per day with that of the urine 46. Which of the following is not a part of renal
released per day suggest that a total of tubule?
approximately x
(1) PCT
¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯
% of the filtrate is reabsorbed by the renal (2) DCT
tubules. Here 'x' is (3) Loop of Henle
(1) 99 (4) Glomerulus
(2) 39
(3) 19 47. Part of juxtaglomerular nephron not present
(4) 59 in cortex region of kidney is
(1) PCT
40. Each medullary pyramid projects directly (2) Bowman’s capsule
into renal (3) DCT
(1) Cortex (4) Loop of Henle
(2) Calyx
(3) Pelvis 48. When you feel thirsty or there is dehydration,
(4) Glomerulus it results in increase in osmolarity of the
blood above a physiological set point. The
osmoreceptors of the hypothalamus
41. Which of the following is not a part of stimulate the pituitary to release
nephron? (1) Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
(1) Glomerulus
(2) Atrial Natriuretic Factor
(2) PCT
(3) Aldosterone
(3) DCT
(4) Renin
(4) Collecting duct

49. Right kidney is lower than the left one

42. Complete the following analogy because of more space being occupied by
Cockroach : Malpighian tubules : : Prawn : the
____ (1) Spleen
Choose the correct option.
(2) Liver
(1) Protonephridia
(3) Stomach
(2) Green glands
(4) Pancreas
(3) Nephridia
(4) Flame cells
50. Identify the outermost protective layer of the
human kidney from the given options.
43. Presence of glucose and ketone bodies in (1) Renal capsule
urine are indicative of
(2) Renal calyx
(1) Renal calculi
(3) Renal fascia
(2) Uremia
(4) Adipose capsule
(3) Diabetes mellitus
(4) Diabetes insipidus

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Medical-Excretion

51. In hemodialysis, the dialysing fluid contains 58. A : ANF works in response to high blood
all of the constituents as in plasma, except volume and high blood pressure.
(1) Bicarbonates R : ANF opposes the regulation by RAAS.
(2) Urea (1) Both Assertion & Reason are true and
the reason is the correct explanation of
(3) Glucose the assertion
(4) Calcium (2) Both Assertion & Reason are true but
the reason is not the correct
52. Presence of glucose and ketone bodies in explanation of the assertion
urine is indicative of (3) Assertion is true statement but Reason
(1) Tetany is false
(2) Myasthenia gravis (4) Both Assertion and Reason are false
(3) Jaundice statements
(4) Diabetes Mellitus
59. On an average, _______ ml of blood is
filtered by the kidneys per minute.
53. Our lungs remove how much amount of CO2 Fill the above blank with suitable option
per minute? (1) 100–200 mL
(1) 18 L (2) 1000–2000 mL
(2) 12.5 mL (3) 1100–1200 mL
(3) 1.5 L (4) 500–800 mL
(4) 200 mL

60. Hormone called renin is released by

54. Maximum reabsorption of water in a (1) Podocytes
nephron occurs in
(2) Liver cells
(1) Proximal convoluted tubule
(3) JG cells
(2) Ascending limb of loop of Henle
(4) Oxyntic cells
(3) Distal convoluted tubule
(4) Collecting duct
61. Which of the following has an antagonistic
effect to RAAS?
55. Substance which is found in sweat, (1) ANF
particularly in individuals with diabetes
mellitus is (2) ADH
(1) Glucose (3) Angiotensin II
(2) Ketone bodies (4) ACE
(3) Sterols
(4) Hydrocarbons 62. Urine produced by human kidneys is
concentrated by how many times as
compared to initially formed filtrate?
56. Most developed simple cuboidal brush (1) Two times
border epithelium is the characteristic of
(2) Four times
(1) PCT
(3) Three times
(2) Henle’s loop
(4) Five times
(3) Glomerulus
(4) Glomerulus
63. In the initial segment of nephron, the
reabsorption of water occurs by
57. Simple cuboidal brush bordered epithelium (1) Active transport
lines
(2) Passive transport
(1) PCT
(3) Osmosis
(2) Afferent arteriole
(4) Both (2) & (3)
(3) Efferent arteriole
(4) Henle’s loop
64. Chief site/organ for homeostasis of
cholesterol in human body is
(1) Lungs
(2) Liver
(3) Skin
(4) Kidney

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Medical-Excretion

65. A : More diluted urine results on removal of 69. Filtrate in nephron is called urine in segment
distal convoluted tubule from the nephron. labelled
R : Maximum reabsorption of water occurs in
DCT segment of nephron.
(1) Both Assertion & Reason are true and
the reason is the correct explanation of
the assertion
(2) Both Assertion & Reason are true but
the reason is not the correct
explanation of the assertion
(3) Assertion is true statement but Reason
is false
(4) Both Assertion and Reason are false
statements

66. A branch of renal artery entering the

glomerulus is
(1) Efferent arteriole
(2) Afferent arteriole
(3) Vasa recta
(4) Peritubular capillary network (1) A
(2) B
(3) C
67. Structure which is not situated in the cortical
part of juxtamedullary nephron is (4) D
(1) Loop of Henle
(2) PCT 70. Match the items given in column I, with those
(3) DCT in column II and select the correct option
given below.
(4) Malpighian corpuscle
Column I Column II
Presence of glucose in
68. Choose the incorrect match. a. Uremia (i)
the urine
(1) Angina pectoris – Not enough oxygen
is reaching the heart muscle Accumulation of uric
b. Glycosuria (ii)
acid in joints
(2) Cardiac arrest – When the heart stops
beating Presence of ketone
c. Gout (iii)
(3) Hypertension – Decrease in bodies in urine
electrolytes in blood Accumulation of urea in
d. Ketonuria (iv)
(4) Heart attack – Heart muscle is blood
suddenly damaged by an inadequate Amount of urine passed
blood supply (v)
out is more
Mass of crystallised
(vi)
salts within the kidney
(1) a(iv), b(i), c(ii), d(iii)
(2) a(v), b(i), c(ii), d(vi)
(3) a(iv), b(i), c(vi), d(iii)
(4) a(vi), b(i), c(iii), d(v)

71. Select the incorrect statement.

(1) Efferent arteriole carries the blood
away from the glomerulus towards
renal vein
(2) Pigeon, lizard and cockroach are
uricotelic animals
(3) Distal convoluted tubule is incapable of
reabsorbing HCO− 3

(4) Renin does not favour the formation of

large quantities of dilute urine

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Medical-Excretion

72. Creatinine is a nitrogenous waste, formed 77. Which of the following option given below is
during muscular activity. If ‘X’ amount of correct representation of net filtration
creatinine is present in blood but its amount pressure?
in urine is greater than X. Which of the steps (1) (Glomerular hydrostatic pressure) –
of urine formation does it undergo? (Capsular hydrostatic pressure)
(a) Ultrafiltration
(2) (Glomerular hydrostatic pressure) –
(b) Selective reabsorption
(Capsular hydrostatic pressure + blood
(c) Tubular secretion
colloidal osmotic pressure)
(1) (a) only
(3) (Glomerular hydrostatic pressure) +
(2) Both (a) & (b) (Capsular osmotic pressure)
(3) Both (a) & (c) (4) (Capsular hydrostatic pressure + blood
(4) (c) only colloidal osmotic pressure) –
(Glomerular hydrostatic pressure)
73. Select the incorrect match between
organism and its corresponding excretory 78. In a normal healthy male the glomerular
structure. filtration rate can be affected by all of the
following except
(1) Green glands Prawn, cray fish
(1) Change in capillary permeability
Liver fluke, filarial (2) Constriction of efferent arteriole
(2) Flame cells
worm (3) Volume of urine excreted
Earthworms, (4) Changes in renal blood flow
(3) Nephridia
annelids
Malpighian Insects, 79. Dehydration increases the plasma
(4) concentration of all the following hormones
tubules cockroaches
except
(1) (1) (1) Aldosterone
(2) (2) (2) Vasopressin
(3) (3) (3) Angiotensin II
(4) (4) (4) Atrial natriuretic factor

74. Jaundice is a type of 80. Select the incorrect match

(1) Excretory disorder
70 to 80 percent of
(2) Digestive disorder electrolytes and water are
(3) Occupational respiratory disorder (1) PCT
reabsorbed by this
(4) Coronary artery disease segment
Henle’s Reabsorption in this
(2)
75. Which of the following statement in regard to Loop segment is minimum
the excretion by human kidneys is correct?
Conditional reabsorption
(1) Vasa recta and loop of Henle of cortical
nephrons form counter current system
(3) DCT of Na+ and water takes
place in this segment
(2) With or without the influence of ADH,
maximum reabsorption of water still It decreases blood
occurs in proximal convoluted tubules pressure, decreases
(4) ADH
(3) Reabsorption of water occurs in every glomerular blood flow and
segment of the tubular part of nephron thereby the GFR
(4) Selective secretion of nutrients like (1) (1)
glucose and electrolytes occurs in PCT
and collecting duct (2) (2)
(3) (3)

76. Part of nephron where maximum (4) (4)

reabsorption of nutrients occur is lined by
(1) Brush bordered columnar epithelium 81. The site of ADH activity in a nephron
(2) Ciliated epithelium includes
(3) Brush bordered cuboidal epithelium (1) Proximal convoluted tubule
(4) Squamous epithelium (2) Loop of Henle
(3) Distal convoluted tubule and collecting
duct
(4) Exclusively DCT

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Medical-Excretion

82. Each kidney of an adult human measures 89. Maximum reabsorption of electrolytes and
cm in length, cm in water occurs in which part of nephron in a
dehydrated person?
width.
Choose the option that correctly fills the (1) PCT
blanks A and B. (2) Henle’s loop
(1) 5-7, 10-12 (3) DCT
(2) 2-3, 5-7 (4) Collecting duct
(3) 10-12, 5-7
(4) 10-12, 2-3 90. In a normal adult human, on an average,
how much urea is excreted out per day?
83. Choose the odd one w.r.t uricotelic animals (1) 10–15 gm
(1) Reptiles (2) 125–180 gm
(2) Birds (3) 25–30 gm
(3) Land snails (4) 35–40 gm
(4) Aquatic amphibians
91. Which of the following layer is not a part of
filtration membrane in a nephron?
84. Nearly all of the essential nutrients and 70-
80% of electrolytes and water are (1) Endothelium of glomerular blood
reabsorbed in which of the following parts of vessel
the nephron? (2) Epithelium of Bowman’s capsule
(1) Renal corpuscle (3) Basement membrane of epithelium of
(2) PCT Bowman’s capsule
(3) Loop of Henle (4) Mesothelium of glomerular blood
vessels
(4) DCT and collecting duct

92. Juxtaglomerular apparatus is a sensitive

85. The amount of glomerular filtrate formed by
region which is mainly formed by cellular
the kidneys per day is
modification in __A__ and __B__ at the
(1) 120 litres location of their contact
(2) 140 litres Select the option which fill the blanks
(3) 160 litres correctly.
(4) 180 litres A B

(1) DCT Afferent arteriole

86. Main nitrogenous waste excreted by
humans is (2) DCT PCT
(1) Ammonia (3) PCT Afferent arteriole
(2) Urea
(4) PCT Efferent arteriole
(3) Uric acid
(4) Creatine (1) (1)
(2) (2)
(3) (3)
87. Ammonotelism is shown by all except
(1) Mostly bony fishes (4) (4)
(2) Aquatic amphibians
(3) Aquatic insects 93. In fresh water bony fishes, nitrogenous
waste is mainly excreted in the form of
(4) Many cartilaginous fishes
A through B . Choose the option which
¯
¯¯¯
¯ ¯¯¯¯
replaces A and B to fill the blanks correctly.
88. Which of the following is excretory structure
A B
of cephalochordates?
(1) Nephridia (1) Ammonia gas Body surface
(2) Flame cells (2) Urea Urine
(3) Malpighian tubules (3) Ammonia Through faeces
(4) Kidney (4) Ammonium ions Through gills
(1) (1)
(2) (2)
(3) (3)
(4) (4)

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Medical-Excretion

94. Maximum reabsorption of electrolytes from 101. Glomerular filtration rate in a healthy
nephric filtrate occurs in region lined by individual is nearly
(1) Brush bordered columnar epithelium (1) 125 L/minute
(2) Brush bordered cuboidal epithelium (2) 180 mL/minute
(3) Ciliated bordered cuboidal epithelium (3) 180 L/day
(4) Simple squamous cuboidal epithelium (4) 125 L/day

95. ADH is released by posterior pituitary gland 102. The blood in the artificial kidney flows
when there is through channels or tubes bounded by
(1) Fall in osmolarity of blood in body (1) Heparin infused membrane
(2) Increase in blood volume in body (2) Cellophane membrane
(3) Excessive loss of fluid from body (3) Cellulose membrane
(4) An increase GFR (4) Bilirubin infused membrane

96. The following is a list of animals and their 103. Read the following statements and choose
excretory organs. Choose the incorrect the correct option.
match Statement A – Sweat produced by sweat
(1) Palaemon – Statocysts glands is a watery fluid containing NaCl,
small amount of urea, lactic acid etc.
(2) Planaria – Flame cells
Statement B – Sebaceous glands eliminate
(3) Ancylostoma – Renette cells certain substances like sterols,
(4) Pila – Feathery gills hydrocarbons and waxes through sebum.
(1) Both statements are incorrect
97. Which of the following part of nephron is (2) Statement A is correct but B is incorrect
responsible for passive reabsorption of (3) Statement A is incorrect but B is correct
sodium ions? (4) Both statements are correct
(1) Proximal convoluted tubules
(2) Thin descending limb of loop of Henle
104. Choose the mismatched pair between the
(3) Bowman’s capsule organism and their main excretory structure.
(4) Thin ascending limb of loop of Henle (1) Green glands - Prawns
(2) Malpighian tubules - Cockroach
98. Excretory product of sponges is (3) Nephridia - Earthworms
(1) Urea (4) Antennal glands - Leech
(2) Uric acid
(3) Ammonia 105. Nearly all of the essential nutrients and 70 –
(4) Xanthine 80 percent of electrolytes and water are
reabsorbed in which segment of nephron?
(1) PCT
99. Choose an abnormal constituent of urine.
(1) Urea (2) Ascending limb of loop of Henle
(2) Sodium (3) Descending limb of loop of Henle

(3) Glucose (4) DCT

(4) Water
106. Assertion (A): Filtrate in ascending limb of
Henle’s loop becomes hypotonic to blood
100. Choose the incorrect statement. plasma.
(1) Urine formed by the nephron is Reason (R): Ascending limb of loop of
ultimately carried to the urinary bladder Henle is impermeable to water.
(2) On an average, an adult human (1) Both Assertion & Reason are true and
excretes 1 to 1.5 L of urine per day the reason is the correct explanation of
(3) Glucose is excreted in urine in a the assertion
person suffering from jaundice (2) Both Assertion & Reason are true but
(4) Ketone bodies can be detected in urine the reason is not the correct
during prolonged fasting explanation of the assertion
(3) Assertion is true statement but Reason
is false
(4) Both Assertion and Reason are false
statements

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Medical-Excretion

107. Antennal glands help in removal of 113. In which of the following structures, Ca2+ is
nitrogenous wastes in sequestered when muscles are relaxed?
(1) Spider (1) T-tubules
(2) Prawn (2) Sarcoplasmic reticulum
(3) Silverfish (3) Mitochondia
(4) Scorpion (4) Golgi body

108. Choose the incorrect match w.r.t. functions 114. Which of the following statements is
of renal tubules. incorrect regarding sliding filament theory?
(1) Descending limb of loop of Henle – (1) Contraction of muscle is initiated by a
Concentrating segment signal from motor neuron
(2) Ascending limb of loop of Henle – (2) Action potential generated in striated
Diluting segment
muscles causes increase in Ca2+ ion
(3) DCT – Conditional reabsorption of Na+ uptake by muscle fibre from ECF,
and water leading to increase in intracellular
(4) PCT – 70% to 80% of electrolytes and Ca2+ level.
water reabsorbed, filtrate becomes (3) Ca2+ causes change in shape of
hypertonic troponin-tropomyosin complex, thus
exposing myosin binding sites on actin
109. A : Nearly, all of the essential nutrients, and filaments
70-80% of electrolytes and water are (4) Length of A-band remains unchanged
reabsorbed by PCT. during muscle contraction
R : PCT is lined by simple columnar brush
bordered epithelium.
115. Which of the following events leads to the
(1) Both Assertion & Reason are true and
breakdown of cross-bridges during muscle
the reason is the correct explanation of
contraction?
the assertion
(1) ATP hydrolysis
(2) Both Assertion & Reason are true but
the reason is not the correct (2) Binding of ATP to troponin
explanation of the assertion (3) Binding of myosin head with new ATP
(3) Assertion is true statement but Reason (4) Binding of ATP to actin
is false
(4) Both Assertion and Reason are false 116. Which of the following parts of contractile
statements proteins has ATPase activity?
(1) G-actin
110. The presence of ketone bodies in urine is an (2) LMM
indicator of (3) HMM
(1) Diabetes insipidus
(4) Tropomyosin
(2) Diabetes mellitus
(3) Glomerulonephritis
117. Intercalated disc is characteristic feature of
(4) Jaundice which type of muscle fibres?
(1) Skeletal muscle
111. Even in presence of ADH, maximum (2) Smooth muscle
reabsorption of water occurs in (3) Both (1) & (2)
(1) PCT
(4) Cardiac muscle
(2) DCT
(3) Ascending limb of Henle’s loop
118. Which type of movement is performed by
(4) CD spermatozoa of humans?
(1) Ciliary movement
112. Which of the following substances can be (2) Amoeboid movement
used for determining the glomerular filtration (3) Muscular movement
rate?
(4) Flagellar movement
(1) Insulin
(2) Inulin
(3) Ketones
(4) Cellulose xanthate

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Medical-Excretion

119. The composition of blood plasma and 125. Substance not metabolised in human body
dialysing fluid is same w.r.t. all components and is used for assessing the glomerular
except filtration rate is
(1) Glucose (1) Glucose
(2) Nitrogenous wastes (2) Inulin
(3) Amino acids (3) Urea
(4) Na+ ions (4) NaCl

120. In which of the following disorders, there is 126. Select the most preferred donor in case of
an increase in concentration of urea in renal failure resulting in kidney
blood? transplantation.
(1) Uremia (1) Unrelated donor
(2) Haematuria (2) Identical twin
(3) Pyuria (3) Parent
(4) Polyurea (4) Sibling

121. Cortical nephrons cannot be distinguished 127. Select the correct statement.
from the juxta medullary nephrons based on (1) Vasopressin helps in water elimination
(1) Location of major part of the nephron making the urine hypotonic
(2) Fact that they are more common (2) Protein rich fluid is filtered from blood
plasma into the Bowman’s capsule
(3) Presence or absence of malpighian
corpuscles (3) Amino acids are actively reabsorbed in
the PCT
(4) Length of Henle's loop
(4) Ascending limb of Henle’s loop plays
no role in countercurrent mechanism.
122. A fall in glomerular blood flow / glomerular
blood pressure / GFR can activate the
release of all the following, except 128. Match Column I with Column II w.r.t different
(1) Renin animals and their excretory
structures/organs
(2) Aldosterone
(3) ADH Column I Column II
(4) Atrial natriuretic factor a. Pheretima (i) Green glands

b. Amphioxus (ii) Malpighian tubules

123. Choose the correct statement w.r.t.
micturition reflex c. Cockroach (iii) Protonephridia
(1) It is initiated by stretch receptors of d. Prawn (iv) Nephridia
ureters.
(2) Sympathetic supply causes relaxation Choose the correct option
of internal urethral sphincter. (1) a(i), b(ii), c(iii), d(iv)
(3) Parasympathetic supply causes (2) a(ii), b(iii), c(iv), d(i)
relaxation of urinary bladder muscles. (3) a(iv), b(iii), c(ii), d(i)
(4) CNS passes on motor messages to (4) a(iii), b(iv), c(i), d(ii)
initiate relaxation of urethral sphincters.

129. Which of the following substances is

124. Juxtamedullary nephrons completely reabsorbed in the nephron of a
(1) Are shorter in size than cortical healthy adult person?
nephrons (1) Ammonia
(2) Are greater in number than cortical (2) Urea
nephrons
(3) Urea
(3) Control plasma volume when water
(4) Glucose
supply is short
(4) Lack glomerulus but have long loop of
Henle. 130. Hypothalamus is stimulated to release a
relevant hormone in response to increased
osmolarity of blood and body fluids resulting
in
(1) More dilute urine
(2) More concentrated urine
(3) No change in urine concentration
(4) Isotonic urine

11
Medical-Excretion

131. Which of the following cannot activate the 136. Choose the mismatch.
JG cells to release renin? (1) Uremia – High level of urea in blood
(1) A fall in glomerular blood flow (2) Glomerulonephritis – Inflammation of
(2) A fall in glomerular blood pressure glomeruli of kidney
(3) A fall in glomerular filtration rate (3) Hemodialysis – Blood drained from a
(4) A rise in glomerular blood pressure convenient vein
(4) Renal calculi – Insoluble mass of
crystallised salts in kidney
132. Which statement given below is not correct
w.r.t Angiotensin II?
(1) Increases the glomerular blood 137. Which of the following will favour the
pressure formation of large quantities of dilute urine?
(2) A powerful vasodilator (1) Renin
(3) Increases GFR (2) Thyroxine
(4) Activates the adrenal cortex to release (3) Aldosterone
aldosterone (4) Caffeine

133. A : ADH and RAAS work in response to low 138. Uricotelism is found in animals such as
blood volume and low blood pressure. A which live in B . Choose the option
R : ADH increases the reabsorption of water ¯
which correctly fill¯¯¯the
¯¯¯
¯ ¯
blanks A and B to
in DCT and collecting duct, thus results in an
complete the statement.
increase in blood volume and blood
pressure. (1) A– Bony fishes, B–Plenty of water
(1) Both Assertion & Reason are true and (2) A– Aquatic insects, B–Fresh water
the reason is the correct explanation of (3) A–Reptiles, B–Crisis of water
the assertion (4) A–Cartilaginous fishes, B–Marine
(2) Both Assertion & Reason are true but water
the reason is not the correct
explanation of the assertion
139. Which of the following animals is uricotelic?
(3) Assertion is true statement but Reason
is false (1) Rohu
(4) Both Assertion and Reason are false (2) Earthworm
statements (3) Land snail
(4) Dog fish
134. Osmolarity and pH of glomerular filtrate is
nearly equal to blood but urine is generally 140. Select the incorrect statement w.r.t. PCT
acidic due to (1) Sodium is actively absorbed in PCT but
(1) Active secretion of hydrogen ions into there is no secretion of any ion through
the filtrate this segment
(2) Active reabsorption of Na+ and H+ ions (2) It forms brush-border appearance
in PCT towards luminal surface due to
(3) Passive secretion of hydrogen ions in presence of microvilli
PCT and DCT (3) Maximum water is reabsorbed in PCT
(4) Passive reabsorption of Na+ and even in presence of ADH
secretion of H+ in collecting duct (4) Osmolarity of glomerular filtrate in PCT
is nearly equal to osmolarity of blood
plasma
135. Read following statements carefully and
choose the option with only incorrect
statements. 141. In counter current mechanism to concentrate
(a) Filtrate formed by each kidney per minute urine, NaCl is returned to interstitium by the
is called glomerular filtration rate (1) Ascending limb of loop of Henle
(b) GFR in a healthy individual is (2) Descending limb of loop of Henle
approximately 7.5 litres per hour (3) Ascending portion of vasa recta
(c) A fall in GFR can activate JG cells to
release rennin (4) Descending portion of vasa recta
(d) About 1% of glomerular filtrate is
secreted by renal tubules and 99% is 142. Juxta medullary nephrons differ from cortical
reabsorbed nephrons in having
(1) (a) and (b) (1) Bowman’s capsule
(2) (b) and (c) (2) PCT
(3) (a), (b) and (c) (3) Longer loop of Henle
(4) (a), (c) and (d) (4) Highly reduced vasa recta

12
Medical-Excretion

143. Choose the odd one w.r.t. secretion of H+ 149. Which of the following statements is correct
ions w.r.t. osmoregulation in marine
(1) PCT environment?
(1) Entry of excess water in the body
(2) Loop of Henle
followed by removal of large quantities
(3) DCT of urine
(4) CD (2) Uptake of monovalent and divalent
ions by ionocytes actively
144. The first step in urine formation is (3) Loss of water from the body
(1) Synthesis of urea replenished by drinking sea water and
eliminating monovalent ions actively
(2) Filtration of blood
(4) Loss of divalent ions actively through
(3) Selective reabsorption ionocytes
(4) Tubular secretion

150. Which of the following is an incorrect match

145. Deficiency of which hormone causes between organisms and their main excretory
diabetes mellitus? product?
(1) Insulin
(2) Glucagon
(3) Vasopressin
(4) Pitocin

146. Malpighian body is composed of

(1) Glomerulus and renal tubule (1) (1)
(2) Glomerulus and Bowman’s capsule (2) (2)
(3) Bowman’s capsule and renal tubule (3) (3)
(4) PCT and Henle’s loop (4) (4)

147. If PCT part of nephrons is removed from 151. Which of the following metabolic wastes
mammalian kidney then is/are removed via ornithine cycle in
human?
(1) Urine will become more diluted
(1) NH3
(2) Urine will become more concentrated
(2) CO2
(3) No change will occur in concentration
of urine (3) Uric acid
(4) Urine formation will not occur (4) Both (1) & (2)

148. Which of the following set of organisms is 152. Match the excretory products in column I
incorrectly categorised as osmoconformers and metabolic reactions during which they
and osmoregulators? are produced in column II and choose the
correct option.

(1) (1)
(2) (2)
(3) (3)
(4) (4)
(1) a(iii), b(iv), c(ii), d(i)
(2) a(iii), b(iv), c(i), d(ii)
(3) a(i), b(ii), c(iii), d(iv)
(4) a(ii), b(i), c(iv), d(iii)

13
Medical-Excretion

153. In humans, kidneys are situated between (A) 158. How many renal corpuscles are
vertebra and peritoneal cover is present only approximately present in each kidney of
on their (B) side. human?
A and B in the above mentioned statement (1) One million
are :
(2) Two million
(1) A - T5 to T12 , B - ventral
(3) Half million
(2) A - T12 to L3 , B - dorsal (4) Four million
(3) A - T12 to L3 , B - ventral
(4) A - L1 to L5 , B - dorsal 159. Which of the following sets includes the
correct location of different parts of a
cortical nephron inside kidney?
154. Extensions of cortex between medullary
pyramids of kidney are known as
(1) Columns of Bertini
(2) Ducts of Bellini
(3) Major calyces
(4) Renal papilla

(1) (1)
155. Select the incorrect statement regarding
(2) (2)
human excretory system.
(1) Urothelium forms the internal lining of (3) (3)
urinary bladder (4) (4)
(2) Neck region of urinary bladder
possesses two sphincters, involuntary 160. Select the correct option :
internal sphincter and voluntary a. Glomerulus is a tuft of capillaries formed
external sphincter by the afferent arteriole which is a fine
(3) In both male and female, urethra acts branch of renal vein.
as urinogenital duct b. Glomerulus along with Bowman's capsule
(4) Kidneys are retroperitoneal in position forms renal corpuscles.
c. Vasa recta is a fine branch of efferent
arteriole which runs parallel to the Henle's
156. Detrusor muscles are present mainly in loop.
(1) Coat of kidney d. In human kidney, cortical nephrons and
juxtamedullary nephrons are in equal
(2) Muscular coat of urinary bladder
proportion
(3) Renal fascia of kidney (1) a and b are correct
(4) Cortex of kidney (2) b and c are correct
(3) a, b and d are correct
157. Which of the following is an incorrect match (4) a and d are correct
regarding organism, their mode of excretion
and their respective structures involved
significantly in removal of nitrogenous 161. Which of the following cannot be considered
excretory waste? as a difference between cortical and
juxtamedullary nephrons?
(1) Length of loop of Henle
(2) Presence or absence of vasa recta
(3) Presence or absence of renal
corpuscles
(4) Degree of extension of loop of Henle
into the medulla

(1) (1) 162. Podocytes are

(2) (2) (1) Epithelial cells of Bowman's capsule
(3) (3) (2) Modified smooth muscle fibres of DCT
(4) (4) (3) Modified smooth muscle fibres of PCT
(4) Epithelial cells of collecting duct

14
Medical-Excretion

163. Which of the following steps of urine 168. Choose the correct statement.
formation takes place in malpighian body? (1) During ultrafiltration, blood colloidal
(1) Glomerular filtration osmotic pressure favours the
(2) Reabsorption glomerular hydrostatic pressure while
capsular hydrostatic pressure opposes
(3) Tubular secretion
it
(4) Counter current-mechanism (2) Nearly 99% of filtrate is reabsorbed in
PCT
164. Read the following statements : (3) Difference in diameter of afferent and
Statement A : Ultrafiltration of blood occurs efferent arterioles helps in
in renal corpuscles. development of filtration pressure in
Statement B : During ultrafiltration, almost malpighian body
all the constituents of blood plasma except (4) About 1.5 L filterate is formed by
the proteins pass into the lumen of kidneys in a day
Bowman's capsule.
(1) Statement A is incorrect and B is
correct 169. Which of the following is the correct match
regarding cells acting as components of JGA
(2) Statement A is correct and B is
incorrect Juxtaglomerular
Macula densa
cells
(3) Both statements A and B are incorrect
Modified cells of
(4) Both statements A and B are correct (1) Epithelial cells of PCT
vasa recta
Epithelial cells of Modified cells of
165. On an average, about of blood (2)
A DCT afferent arteriole
_____

pumped out by each ventricle in is Modified smooth

B Epithelial cells of
______ (3) muscle fibres of
filtered by the kidneys per minute. Choose PCT
afferent arteriole
the option which correctly fills the blanks Epithelial cells of
labelled as A and B. (4) Epithelial cells of PCT
DCT
Blank A Blank B (1) (1)
(1) One-fifth – Cardiac cycle (2) (2)
(3) (3)
(2) One-tenth – One minute
(4) (4)
(3) One-fifth – One minute
(4) One-tenth – Cardiac cycle 170. Read the following statements :
(a) Substances like glucose, amino acid,
(1) (1)
Na+, nitrogenous wastes etc. are
(2) (2) reabsorbed by active transport, while
(3) (3) reabsorption of water occur by passive
(4) (4) transport.
(b) 50-60% of electrolytes and water are
reabsorbed by brush bordered cuboidal
166. Which of the following is not a part of epithelium of PCT.
malpighian body? (c) Conditional reabsorption of Na+ and
(1) Glomerulus selective secretion of H+ and K+ occurs in
(2) Podocytes DCT.
(3) Bowman's capsule (d) Filterate gets concentrated as it moves
upwards in ascending limb of loop of Henle.
(4) Macula densa Find the correct option regarding true or
false statement.
167. Glomerular filtration rate is (1) a(T), b(T), c(F), d(F)
(1) Amount of blood filtered by kidneys in (2) a(F), b(T), c(F), d(F)
an hour (3) a(F), b(F), c(T), d(F)
(2) Amount of filtrate formed by kidneys per (4) a(T), b(F), c(T), d(F)
minute
(3) Only decreased by action of JGA
171. Which of the following plays a major role in
(4) About 125 L/minute maintaining osmolarity gradient in medulla?
(1) NaCl and KCl
(2) Urea and HCl
(3) HCl and KCl
(4) NaCl and Urea

15
Medical-Excretion

172. Find the incorrect match regarding different 177. Given below is a flow chart of RAAS
segments of nephron and their concerned
function
Parts of nephron Function
Reabsorption of
(1) PCT – electrolytes and
water
Descending limb Reabsorption of
(2) – Choose the option which correctly labelled
of loop of Henle water
Thin ascending as A, B, C and D.
Reabsorption of (1) A-Angiotensin, B-Renal artery, C-
(3) limb of loop of –
electrolytes Lungs, D-Adrenal medulla
Henle
Reabsorption of (2) A-Angiotensinogen, B-Renal vein, C-
(4) DCT – Kidney medulla, D-Adrenal cortex
K+ and H+
(3) A-Angiotensin, B-Renal artery, C-
(1) (1) Kidney medulla, D-Adrenal medulla
(2) (2) (4) A-Angiotensinogen, B-Renal vein, C-
(3) (3) Lungs, D-Adrenal cortex
(4) (4)
178. Which of the following changes is likely to
173. Human kidneys can produce urine nearly occur in urine composition during diabetes
________ times concentrated than initial mellitus?
filtrate formed (1) Decrease in osmolarity of urine
(1) Two (2) Decrease in amount of urea in urine
(2) Four (3) Presence of glucose in urine
(3) Six (4) Presence of blood in urine
(4) Ten
179. Given below is a flow chart of micturition
174. Match the column I and column II and reflex :
choose the correct option.
Column I Column II
a. ADH (i) Vasoconstrictor
b. Renin (ii) Vasodilator
Released from Pituitary
c. ANF (iii)
gland
Angiotensin
d. (iv) Released by JG cells
II
(1) a(iii), b(iv), c(i), d(ii)
(2) a(iv), b(iii), c(ii), d(i)
(3) a(iv), b(iii), c(i), d(ii)
(4) a(iii), b(iv), c(ii), d(i)

175. Which of the following is true w.r.t. diabetes

insipidus?
(1) Caused due to excess secretion of
ADH Choose the correct option for the missing
steps in flow chart.
(2) Increased loss of glucose via urine
(3) Diuresis and intense thirst
(4) Caused by deficiency of aldosterone

176. Which of the following acts as check on

RAAS?
(1) ANF
(2) Aldosterone
(3) ACE
(4) Renin (1) (1)
(2) (2)
(3) (3)
(4) (4)

16
Medical-Excretion

180. Which of the following structures plays an 184. Read the statements A–D and choose
important role in the elimination of whether these are true or false.
cholesterol and degraded steroid (A) Micturition reflex is a neural mechanism
hormones? for release of urine
(1) Lungs (B) ADH helps in water elimination, making
the urine hypotonic
(2) Liver
(C) Glomerular filtrate has the same
(3) Sweat gland composition as plasma except the proteins
(4) Sebaceous gland (D) Glucose is completely reabsorbed in the
proximal convoluted tubule
181. Read the following steps of haemodialysis : A B C D
Blood is taken out of the patient and is (1) T T T T
(a)
cooled to 0°C.
(b) Blood is mixed with anti-heparin. (2) T F T T
Blood is then pumped to artificial (3) F F T T
(c)
kidney.
(d) Blood is filtered. (4) T F F T
Blood is warmed to body temperature (1) (1)
(e)
and mixed with heparin.
(2) (2)
(f) Blood is returned to vein of patient.
(3) (3)
Which of the above mentioned steps is
incorrect regarding haemodialysis? (4) (4)
(1) (a) & (e)
(2) (c) & (d) 185. Which of the following statements is not
true?
(3) (b) & (e)
(1) ADH makes the collecting duct more
(4) (e) & (f) permeable to water
(2) Kidneys do not play a significant role in
182. Among the following proteins : the removal of ammonia
Tropomyosin, Troponin, F-actin, (3) Aldosterone is produced by the anterior
Meromyosin lobe of pituitary in response to high
How many are present in I-band and H-zone levels of sodium ions in blood plasma
respectively? (4) Uric acid is least soluble and least toxic
(1) 3, 1 of the nitrogenous products
(2) 3, 2
(3) 4, 1 186. In nephron, reabsorption is minimum in
(4) 1, 3 (1) Collecting duct
(2) Ascending limb of Henle’s loop
183. Match the column I and column II. (3) Distal convoluted tubule
Column I Column II (4) Descending limb of Henle’s loop
Inflammation of
a. Renal calculi (i)
kidneys 187. The function of brush border epithelium in
Inflammation of proximal convoluted tubule of nephron is
b. Nephritis (ii) glomeruli of (1) Reabsorption of useful substances
kidneys
(2) Excretion of useful substances
Inflammation of
c. Glomerulonephritis (iii) (3) Secretion of hormones
urinary bladder
d. Cystitis (iv) Kidney stones (4) Secretes enzymes
Choose the correct option.
(1) a(iv), b(i), c(ii), d(iii) 188. Which abnormal constituent is seen in urine
due to diabetes mellitus or prolonged
(2) a(i), b(iv), c(ii), d(iii)
fasting?
(3) a(iv), b(i), c(iii), d(ii) (1) Bile salts
(4) a(iv), b(ii), c(i), d(iii) (2) Sucrose
(3) Albumin
(4) Ketone bodies

17
Medical-Excretion

189. Inflammation of urinary bladder is termed as 194. A : Thrombocytes play an important role in
(1) Nephritis blood clotting.
R : Thrombocytes are cell fragments
(2) Cystitis
produced from megakaryocytes.
(3) Pyelonephritis (1) Both Assertion & Reason are true and
(4) Pyuria the reason is the correct explanation of
the assertion
190. A : Kidneys help to regulate pH of blood in (2) Both Assertion & Reason are true but
humans. the reason is not the correct
R : Each kidney is connected with small explanation of the assertion
intestine through hepatic portal vein. (3) Assertion is true statement but Reason
(1) Both Assertion & Reason are true and is false
the reason is the correct explanation of (4) Both Assertion and Reason are false
the assertion statements
(2) Both Assertion & Reason are true but
the reason is not the correct
195. On an average______ ml of blood is filtered
explanation of the assertion,
by healthy human kidneys per minute.
(3) Assertion is true statement but Reason Choose the option that fills the blank
is false correctly.
(4) Both Assertion and Reason are false (1) 1400-1500
statements (2) 1600-1700
(3) 1100-1200
191. Which of the following creates concentration (4) 1800-2000
gradient in medulla of human kidney?
(1) PCT
196. The cortex of kidney extends between the
(2) Loop of Henle
medullary pyramids as
(3) DCT (1) Minor calyces
(4) Bowman’s capsule (2) Major calyces
(3) Columns of Bertini
192. A : PCT is the major site for reabsorption of (4) Renal pelvis
water and electrolytes.
R : PCT is lined by simple cuboidal
epithelium. 197. Select the correct option which indicates
(1) Both Assertion & Reason are true and following statements as true or false.
the reason is the correct explanation of a. Micturition is carried out by a reflex.
the assertion b. ADH helps in water elimination,
making the urine hypotonic
(2) Both Assertion & Reason are true but
c. Henle’s loop plays an important role
the reason is not the correct
in concentrating the urine
explanation of the assertion
d. Glucose is actively reabsorbed in the
(3) Assertion is true statement but Reason PCT.
is false (1) a-False, b-False, c-True, d-True
(4) Both Assertion and Reason are false (2) a-True, b-False, c- False, d-True
statements
(3) a-False, b-True, c-True, d-True
(4) a-True, b-False, c-True, d-True
193. Choose the odd one out w.r.t. location of part
of nephron
(1) Malpighian corpuscle 198. Path of urine drainage in the human
excretory system is
(2) PCT
(1) Calyx ⟶ Collecting duct ⟶ Renal
(3) Loop of Henle pelvis ⟶ Ureter ⟶ Urinary bladder
(4) DCT (2) Renal pelvis ⟶ Collecting duct ⟶
Calyx ⟶ Ureter ⟶ Urinary bladder
(3) Collecting duct ⟶ Calyx ⟶ Renal
pelvis ⟶ Ureter ⟶ Urinary bladder
(4) Renal pelvis ⟶ Calyx ⟶
Collecting duct⟶ Ureter ⟶ Urinary
bladder

18
Medical-Excretion

199. Read the name of organisms given in the 206. Choose the incorrect w.r.t counter current
box. mechanism.
Frog, Toad, Birds, Human, Bony fish and (1) Helps to maintain a concentration
Insects gradient in the medullary interstitium
How many of them are ureotelic in nature? (2) Henle’s loop and vasa recta play a
(1) 1 significant role in this
(2) 2 (3) Occurs in medulla region of kidney
(3) 3 (4) Characteristic of all vertebrates
(4) 4
207. Choose the mismatch
200. The visceral layer of Bowman’s capsule Loop of Ascending limb is
(1) –
consists of modified simple squamous Henle permeable for water
epithelial cells called Conditional reabsorption
(2) DCT –
(1) Mesangial cells of water and Na+
(2) Podocytes Helps to maintain the pH
(3) Juxtaglomerular cells (3) PCT – and ionic balance of body
fluids
(4) Macula densa
Allow passage of small
Collecting
(4) – amount of urea into the
201. Nephrons, being the functional units of duct
medullary interstitium
kidneys are known to filter
(1) (1)
(1) Plasma
(2) (2)
(2) RBCs and Glucose
(3) (3)
(3) Tissue fluid
(4) (4)
(4) Lymph

208. Which of the following plays a significant

202. Part of the excretory system that connects role in maintenance of high osmolarity of
kidney to urinary bladder is/are medullary interstitial fluid?
(1) Renal pelvis (1) PCT
(2) Collecting duct (2) Loop of Henle
(3) Ureters (3) DCT
(4) Urethra (4) Bowman’s capsule

203. Which part of juxtaglomerular nephron is not 209. Read the following statements carefully and
present in the cortex region of kidney? choose the correct option
(1) PCT A. In majority of nephrons, the loop of Henle
(2) Bowman’s capsule is too short and extends only very little into
(3) DCT the medulla. Such nephrons are called
cortical nephrons
(4) Loop of Henle B. Juxta medullary nephrons possess very
long loop of Henle
204. ADH, apart from facilitating water C. Vasa recta is absent or highly reduced in
reabsorption from latter parts of the tubule, juxta medullary nephrons
also (1) A and B are correct
(1) Affect the kidney function by its (2) B and C are incorrect
constrictory effects on blood vessels (3) A and B are incorrect
(2) Stimulates secretion of renin from JG (4) A and C are correct
cells
(3) Inhibits the secretion of thyroid
hormones 210. Glomerular filtration rate in a healthy adult is
approximately
(4) Stimulates the secretion of aldosterone
(1) 125 ml/hour
hormone
(2) 180 litres per day
(3) 12500 ml/ minute
205. Which of the following condition stimulates
the hypothalamus to release ADH? (4) 18 litres per hour
(1) Fall in osmolarity of blood in body
(2) Increase in blood volume in body
(3) Excessive loss of fluid from body
(4) An increase GFR

19
Medical-Excretion

211. Human body in a severely dehydrated state 217. Choose the correct statement regarding
would not mechanism of concentration of the nephric
(1) Actively reabsorb sodium from PCT filtrate in humans.
(2) Decrease aldosterone levels (1) The capability of concentrating the
urine is majorly related to the diameter
(3) Activate juxta glomerular cells to of efferent arteriole.
release renin
(2) NaCl and urea maintain the osmolarity
(4) Stimulate ADH release gradient in the medullary interstitium.
(3) Osmotic concentration of the
212. Micturition does not involve glomerular filtrate is the lowest at the
(1) Relaxation of urethral sphincter bottom of the U-shaped Henle’s loop.
(2) Contraction of urinary bladder (4) Glomerular filtration is an active
(3) Stretching of transitional epithelium of process requiring high amount of
urinary bladder energy.
(4) Contraction of ureters
218. Substance ‘X’ which converts
angiotensinogen to angiotensin I is secreted
213. Complete the analogy w.r.t reabsorption by
PCT : Glucose and amino acids :: DCT :
(1) Wall of heart
_____
(1) K+ and H+ (2) Adrenal cortex
(3) Liver
(2) K+ and H2 O
(4) JG cells
(3) NaCl and HCO−
3

(4) H+ and HCO− 219. Juxtamedullary nephrons differs from

3
cortical nephron in
(a) Number
214. Read the given statements (b) Length of loop of Henle
A : Secretions of JGA eventually result in (c) Presence of peritubular capillary network
constriction of efferent arteriole, thereby Select the correct answer.
increasing GFR. (1) (a), (b), and (c)
B : Sympathetic stimulation leads to
(2) (a) and (b)
constriction of afferent arteriole leading to
fall in GFR. (3) (a) and (c)
Select the correct option. (4) (b) and (c)
(1) Statement A is incorrect
(2) Statement B is incorrect 220. Select the correct match w.r.t. part of
(3) Both statements A & B are correct nephron and substances which are
(4) Both statements A & B are incorrect selectively secreted in them.
(1) PCT – H+ ions and NH3

215. _______ is absent or highly reduced in (2) Ascending limb of loop of Henle – NaCl
cortical nephrons in comparison to JG (3) DCT – HCO− , Urea
nephrons. 3

Select the option that fills the blank (4) Descending limb of loop of Henle –
correctly Urea, K+, H+ and Na+ ions
(1) Malpighian corpuscle
(2) PCT 221. A fall in glomerular blood flow can activates
(3) Peritubular capillaries (1) The neurohypophysis to synthesize
(4) Loop of Henle ADH
(2) JG cells to release rennin
216. Tubular secretion of which of the following (3) Renin-angiotensin mechanism
occurs in DCT? (4) Atria of the heart to release atrial
(1) NaCl natriuretic factor
(2) H2 O
(3) H+ 222. Select the odd one w.r.t regulation by RAAS
(1) ADH
(4) Glucose
(2) ANF
(3) Renin
(4) Angiotensinogen

20
Medical-Excretion

223. Even in the absence of vasopressin 228. How many of the animals given in the box
hormone, maximum reabsorption in nephron below are uricotelic?
of human kidney occurs in Reptiles, birds, cartilaginous fishes,
(1) PCT mammals, aquatic insects, Hydra, land
snails
(2) DCT
(1) Three
(3) CD
(2) Four
(4) Loop of Henle
(3) Five
(4) Six
224. Which of the following is almost completely
reabsorbed by active reabsorption in the
nephrons of a healthy person? 229. The blood vessel that would normally
(1) Urea contain least amount of urea is
(2) Creatinine (1) Hepatic vein
(3) Glucose (2) Renal artery
(4) Water (3) Hepatic artery
(4) Renal vein
225. The following statements are for a
retroperitoneal organ located between last 230. Conditional reabsorption of mainly Na+ from
thoracic and the third lumbar vertebra. DCT occurs under the direct influence of
Choose the statement which is incorrect for (1) ADH
this organ.
(2) Aldosterone
(1) Internally it has two zones – an outer
cortex and inner medulla (3) ANF
(2) It secretes two proteinaceous (4) Renin
hormones – Renin and erythropoietin
(3) Ammonia produced by metabolism is 231. All of the following will favour increase in
converted into urea here and retained blood pressure, except
in medulla to maintain desired (1) Vasopressin
osmolarity of body fluids
(2) Angiotensin-II
(4) It is a paired organ each having
approximately a million smaller (3) Renin
functional units called nephrons (4) ANF

226. Hirudinaria differs from Nereis in all of the 232. Which one of the following statements in
following features, except regard to human excretory system is
a. Nephridia to remove excretory waste correct?
b. Development is indirect (1) The principal nitrogenous compound is
c. Dioecious with sexual dimorphism synthesised in the liver but is
d. Presence of parapodia eliminated by kidneys
Choose the correct option. (2) Convoluted tubules are a part of renal
(1) a only pyramid
(2) a, b and c only (3) Podocytes in loop of Henle create
(3) a and b only minute spaces (slit pores) for the
(4) a, b, c and d filtration of blood
(4) When someone drinks a lot of water,
ADH release is increased
227. All of the following are responsible for
increasing blood volume and pressure
except 233. On an average, A ml of blood is filtered
(1) Renin by the kidneys per minute which constitute
(2) Aldosterone about B of cardiac out put. Choose the
(3) Angiotensin II option which represents A and B correctly.
(4) Atrial natriuretic factor (1) A –1100-1200, B–1/5
(2) A –650-700, B–1/4
(3) A –1200-1500, B–1/3
(4) A –1500-2000, B–1/4

21
Medical-Excretion

234. The production of uric acid is enhanced by 240. Urea is the chief nitrogenous excretory
the excessive metabolism of product of
(1) Carbohydrates (1) Aquatic amphibians
(2) Nucleic acid (2) Marine fishes
(3) Lipoprotein (3) Aquatic insects
(4) Fat (4) Bony fishes

235. This hormone promotes loss of sodium and 241. If a person is suffering from dehydration,
water in urine, thereby increasing urinary which of the following will cause restoration
output. This hormone is released from of blood volume and GFR?
(1) JG cells (1) Release of renin from JG cells
(2) Liver (2) Release of a powerful vasodilator
(3) Medulla Angiotensin – II
(4) Atrial walls of heart (3) Release of aldosterone directly
triggered by Angiotensinogen
(4) Release of ADH from JG apparatus
236. On an average, how much plasma is filtered
by both the kidneys per minute?
(1) 1100 – 1200 ml 242. JGA is a special sensitive region formed by
cellular modifications in the A and the B at
(2) 550 – 600 ml
the location of their contact.
(3) 125 ml Choose the option that fill the blanks
(4) 2 litre correctly.
(1) A– PCT ,B– Afferent arteriole
237. Which of the following statements is (2) A– DCT ,B– Efferent arteriole
incorrect w.r.t. human kidney? (3) A– DCT ,B– Afferent arteriole
(1) Columns of Bertini divided the renal (4) A– PCT ,B– Glomerulus
medulla into medullary pyramids
(2) PCT and DCT of all nephrons never
243. In the presence of vasopressin, the greatest
extend into the medullary pyramids
fraction of filtered water is reabsorbed in the
(3) The DCTs of many nephrons open into (1) Proximal tubule
a straight tube called collecting duct,
many of which converge and open into (2) Loop of Henle
the renal pelvis through medullary (3) Distal tubule
pyramids in the calyces (4) Medullary interstitium
(4) A U-shaped vasa recta always runs
parallel to the Henle’s loop of all
nephrons 244. Read the following statements carefully and
choose the option with only correct
statements.
238. Read the following statements and choose a. In fishes, ammonia is generally excreted
the correct option by diffusion through gill surfaces as
Statement A: Peritubular capillaries are ammonium ions
absent in cortical nephrons. b. Protonephridia in Planaria is primarily
Statement B: Cortical nephrons are not concerned with osmoregulation
involved in urine formation. c. Kidneys are situated close to dorsal inner
(1) Both A and B statements are correct wall of the abdominal cavity
d. On an average 550–600 ml of blood is
(2) Both A and B statements are incorrect
filtered by each kidney per minute
(3) Only statement A is correct (1) a, b and c only
(4) Only statement B is correct (2) b, c and d only
(3) a, b, c and d
239. Read the following statements and choose (4) c and d only
the correct answer.
A : Each kidney of an adult human measures
5-7 cm in length and 10-12 cm in width.
B : The Malpighian corpuscles, PCT and
DCT of the nephron are situated in the
cortical region of the kidney whereas the
loop of Henle dips into the medulla.
(1) Both statements are correct
(2) Both statements are incorrect
(3) Only statement A is correct
(4) Only statement B is correct

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Medical-Excretion

245. Which of the following is an incorrect 250. Urine produced by human kidneys is
statement w.r.t. excretory structures? concentrated by how many times as
(1) Rotifers and some annelids have compared to initially formed filtrate in normal
protonephridia physiological condition?
(2) Protonephridia are primarily concerned (1) Two times
with osmoregulation (2) Four times
(3) Aquatic insects excrete out urea (3) Three times
through anus (4) Five times
(4) In bony fishes, ammonium ions diffuses
through gill surfaces
251. Hormone called renin is released by
(1) Podocytes
246. Select the correct match
(2) Liver cells
(1) ANF Vasodilation (3) JG cells
(2) Secretin Contracts gall bladder (4) Oxyntic cells

Growth Hormones secreted by

(3) 252. Which statement given below is not correct
factors endocrine tissues
w.r.t Angiotensin II?
Catabolic effect on (1) Increases the glomerular blood
(4) Androgens carbohydrate pressure
metabolism
(2) A powerful vasodilator
(1) (1) (3) Increases GFR
(2) (2) (4) Activates the adrenal cortex to release
(3) (3) aldosterone
(4) (4)
253. The connective tissue covering of a muscle
247. The most toxic excretory product is is called
(1) Ammonia (1) Epimysium
(2) Urea (2) Perimysium
(3) Uric acid (3) Endomysium
(4) CO2 (4) Sarcolemma

248. Identify the mismatch 254. Insoluble masses of crystallised salts formed
within the kidney are referred to as
(1) Glycosuria Presence of glucose in urine
(1) Glomerulonephritis
Presence of ketone bodies
(2) Ketonuria (2) Renal calculi
in urine
(3) Uremia Presence of urea in urine (3) Cholelithiasis
Renal Oxalate stones formed (4) Ketonuria
(4)
calculi within the kidney
(1) (1) 255. Renal corpuscle lacks
(2) (2) (1) Glomerulus
(3) (3) (2) Bowman's capsule
(4) (4) (3) Podocytes
(4) Simple cuboidal epithelium
249. Which of the following cannot activate the
JG cells to release renin? 256. Mammals have the ability to produce
(1) A fall in glomerular blood flow concentrated urine. This happens primarily
because of all the following, except
(2) A fall in glomerular blood pressure
(1) Counter current mechanism
(3) A fall in glomerular filtration rate
(2) Proximity between Henle’s loop and
(4) A rise in glomerular blood pressure vasa recta
(3) Long loops of Henle in cortical
nephrons
(4) Long loops of Henle in juxtamedullary
nephrons

23
Medical-Excretion

257. Release of ADH can be stimulated by all of 264. Choose the odd one w.r.t diuretics
the following except (1) ADH
(1) Loss of fluid from the body (2) Alcohol
(2) Increased ionic concentration in body (3) ANF
(3) Reduction in blood pressure (4) Caffeine
(4) Increased blood volume
265. In human kidney, the cortex extends
258. Diabetes mellitus can be diagnosed by the between the medullary pyramids as columns
presence of ___ in urine. Choose the option called
that fills the blank correctly (1) Renal pelvis
(1) Glucose (2) Columns of Bertini
(2) Fructose (3) Minor calyx
(3) Urea (4) Major calyx
(4) Creatinine
266. In the given figure, the structure labelled ‘X’
259. The juxta glomerular apparatus is formed by is internally lined by
the modification of
(1) DCT only
(2) DCT and efferent arteriole
(3) DCT and afferent arteriole
(4) DCT, afferent and efferent arteriole

260. Choose the incorrect statement w.r.t.

regulation of kidney function.
(1) Angiotensin II signals PCT to reabsorb
more NaCl and water
(2) Aldosterone induces distal parts of the
tubule to reabsorb more Na+ and water (1) Simple squamous epithelium
(3) Renin converts Angiotensin I to (2) Simple cuboidal brush bordered
Angiotensin II epithelium
(4) RAAS is a multihormonal system that (3) Simple cuboidal ciliated epithelium
can regulate blood volume and blood
pressure. (4) Pseudostratified epithelium

261. Which of the following part of nephron has 267. Select the incorrect match w.r.t. animals and
maximum obligatory water reabsorption? the type of nitrogenous waste excreted by
them
(1) DCT
Nitrogenous
(2) Loop of Henle Animals
waste
(3) PCT (1) Rana – Uricotelic
(4) Collecting duct (2) Pheretima – Ureotelic
(3) Periplaneta – Uricotelic
262. Osmoregulatory structures in Planaria are Tadpole larva of
(1) Protonephridia (4) – Ammonotelic
frog
(2) Mesonephridia (1) (1)
(3) Metanephridia (2) (2)
(4) Nephrons (3) (3)
(4) (4)
263. Which of the following is not a component of
the filtration membrane of nephron?
(1) Endothelium of glomerular blood
vessels
(2) Epithelium of Bowman’s capsule
(3) Basement membrane between these
layers
(4) Mesothelium of glomerular blood
vessels

24
Medical-Excretion

268. Choose the incorrect match w.r.t parts of a

nephron and their function.
(1) Proximal convoluted tubule –
Reabsorption of Na+ and K+ ions
(2) Bowman's capsule – Glomerular
filtration
(3) Distal convoluted tubule – Absorption
of glucose
(4) Henle’s loop – Conservation of water

269. ADH affects the kidney function, by all the

following mechanisms, except
(1) An excessive loss of fluid from the body
activates the release of antidiuretic
hormone from neurohypophysis.
(2) It has constrictory effects on the blood
vessels.
(3) It can increase blood pressure and
thereby GFR
(4) Acts as a check on the renin-
angiotensin mechanism by inhibiting it

25