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Advanced Building Technology Lec 2

The document provides an overview of advanced building technologies, focusing on portal frame structures, space frame structures, and precast and prestressed structures. It discusses the benefits, types, and applications of each structure type, highlighting their efficiency, quality, and design flexibility. Additionally, it emphasizes the advantages of precast structures, including low maintenance, speedy construction, and energy efficiency.

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17 views25 pages

Advanced Building Technology Lec 2

The document provides an overview of advanced building technologies, focusing on portal frame structures, space frame structures, and precast and prestressed structures. It discusses the benefits, types, and applications of each structure type, highlighting their efficiency, quality, and design flexibility. Additionally, it emphasizes the advantages of precast structures, including low maintenance, speedy construction, and energy efficiency.

Uploaded by

sisay.garoma
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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TVT INSTITUTE

Advanced Building Technology

Advanced Steel
Structures
Lecture-II

By: Asmamaw A.
May. 2023
Content
1. Introduction

2. Portal Frame Structures

3. Space frame Structures

4. Pre-cast and pre-stressed structures


PORTAL FRAME STRUCTURES
Portal frames are designed to carry lightweight
roof coverings.
• They often constructed of steel, aluminium,
concrete, timber or composite material.
• They are commonly used for single or multi-
span buildings with flat, pitched, arch north light
and monitor roofs.
• Three basic forms of portal frames are Rigid
portal frame; Two-pin portal frames and Three-
pin portal frames.
PORTAL FRAME STRUCTURES
Types of Portal Frame
• Fixed or Rigid Portal Frame-
All connections are rigid giving bending moments of
lower magnitude more evenly distributed than other
forms. Generally used in smaller portals where
moments transferred to foundations are not excessive.
PORTAL FRAME STRUCTURES
Types of Portal Frame
• Two Pin Portal Frame- Frame hinges are used
at base connections to eliminate tendency of
base rotating. The bending moment resisted by
the members is greater than in a rigid frame
PORTAL FRAME STRUCTURES
Types of Portal Frame
• Three Pin Portal Frame- Hinged joints at base
and at centre. Effect of 3rd hinge to reduce
bending moment in the spanning members but
to increase deflection
PORTAL FRAME STRUCTURES
Benefit of Portal Frame
• Can economically enclose a large area
• Floor areas unrestricted by long runs of walls,
more flexible in use
• Good floor to ceiling heights
• Frame quicker to build than walls saving time
and money
PORTAL FRAME STRUCTURES
Factors influence wind loading
• Geographical location – Malaysia, London, KL, Perlis,
etc…
• Physical location – city, small town, etc…
• Topography – hill, valley, slope area, etc..
• Altitude – height above mean sea level
• Building shape – square, rectangular, irregular, etc…
• Roof pitch – shallow, steep, mono-pitch, multi-bay, etc..
• Building dimensions
• Wind speed and direction • Wind peak factor
SPACE FRAME STRUCTURES
The characteristics of space frame
• The space frame structure is a spatial dumpling
connecting rod structure, which is a spatial high-order
statically indeterminate structure system with good
mechanical performance.
advantage:
• Space structure, less steel consumption, economical;
• Wide application range and strong adaptability;
• The overall rigidity is large, the stability is good, the
shock resistance is good, and the safety reserve is high
• Flexible shape, convenient layout, beautiful and
lightweight
• Industrial production
SPACE FRAME STRUCTURES
The form of the space frame structure
1. The space frame structure is divided into double-layer
space frame and multi-layer (three-layer) space frame
according to the number of layers.
2. The double-layer space frame is composed of the upper
mystical layer, the abdominal poles, and the lower
mystical layer.
3. The three-layer space frame is composed of upper,
middle, lower, upper and lower abdomen layers.
SPACE FRAME STRUCTURES
Advantages
Pre-assembly allows project acceleration
• Pre-finished to avoid site painting & inspection
• All service lines can run through frame
• Simple modification or dis-assembly for re-use
• Frame can be a feature without ceiling
• Accommodates concentrated loads
• Suit irregular support or plan geometry
• Variable depth for roof drainage is built-in
• Minimum structure weight
• Long clear spans & cantilevers
SPACE FRAME STRUCTURES
Space frames Applications:
Malls, Transport Terminals, Schools, Pools, Arenas,
Entertainment, Hospitals, Hotels, Corporate &
Commercial Buildings, Convention Centres
SPACE FRAME STRUCTURES
Toroid are appearing in structural applications
due to their aesthetic & structural benefits.
Examples ; Dubai & Osaka airport terminals, and
London Museum.
PRECAST AND PRESTRESSED
STRUCTURES
1. High Quality:

Precast concrete structures are cast in a controlled


environment.

Hence, these structures have high quality compared to


site cast structures.

Precast structures do not have problems related to dust,


humidity, temperature changes, or unreliable quality of
materials.
PRECAST AND PRESTRESSED STRUCTURES

2. Low Maintenance:

Precast panels or precast structures have a long lifecycle


with reduced costs.

The precast structures have uniform quality, fewest risks


of cracks or damage, and low maintenance costs.
PRECAST AND PRESTRESSED STRUCTURES
3. Easy Installation:
Precast panels are built in the factory itself and then
transported on site where they are ready to be installed.
Unlike raw materials that require huge machinery for
transportation and installation, precast structures
installation. undergo fuss-free
PRECAST AND PRESTRESSED STRUCTURES
4. Minimal on-site work:

The precast panels or structures are produced off-site and


hence it reduces the complex work on-site. This allows
simultaneous activities to be carried out including finishes
and interiors.
PRECAST AND PRESTRESSED STRUCTURES
5. Speedy construction and Strength:

Precast structures are transported to the site on a timely


basis.

Hence, the time required for rod bending, and concrete


pouring can be saved.

Precast structures can be laid within minutes depending


on site conditions.

Precast structures can be built in days or weeks, unlike


site cast structures that require months or years.
PRECAST AND PRESTRESSED STRUCTURES

6. Weather and Fire Resistance:

Precast concrete can be used for any weather conditions


from scorching heat to freezing cold temperature.

Precast concrete has the ability to resist fire as it is non-


combustible.

It does not require any additional fireproofing application.


PRECAST AND PRESTRESSED STRUCTURES

7. Flexible Designs:

Precasting provides flexibility to the designers for creating


structural designs.

Also, it allows the creation of longer spans without


intermediate columns and beams with less use of concrete
and steel, unlike conventional design that requires
materials in bulk.
PRECAST AND PRESTRESSED STRUCTURES
8. Recyclable:

When crushed, pre-casted structures can be reused in one


form or the other.

It can be used for road construction or construction fill.

Recovery rate is much higher for precast structures


allowing them to be used for manufacturing a new
precast structure altogether.

This provides economic and environmental savings.


PRECAST AND PRESTRESSED STRUCTURES
9. Water and Sound Resistance:

Precast structures have high thermal mass making them a


good choice for sound insulation.

They reduce the noise providing a sound barrier against


roads and urban noises.

Concrete is made up of high-grade cement so the precast


concrete structures have higher resistance to water. It can
be used to preserve water for irrigation sites.
PRECAST AND PRESTRESSED STRUCTURES

10. Energy Efficient:

The thermal mass of precast concrete absorbs and


releases heat slowly thus reducing the energy usage.

The heating and cooling costs can thus be reduced by


about 30%.
PRECAST AND PRESTRESSED STRUCTURES
Apart from these, precast structures can also be used in
the ducting system to channel air around the building.
They act as heat exchangers between rooms having
different temperatures.
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