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CIVICS-6_April-3 (2)

The document outlines the events leading to Philippine independence, starting with the Spanish-American War and the collaboration between Filipino leaders and the United States. It details the declaration of independence on June 12, 1898, the establishment of a revolutionary government, and the drafting of the Malolos Constitution. The Treaty of Paris, signed on December 10, 1898, ceded the Philippines to the United States, but did not prevent the inauguration of the First Philippine Republic on January 23, 1899.

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3 views

CIVICS-6_April-3 (2)

The document outlines the events leading to Philippine independence, starting with the Spanish-American War and the collaboration between Filipino leaders and the United States. It details the declaration of independence on June 12, 1898, the establishment of a revolutionary government, and the drafting of the Malolos Constitution. The Treaty of Paris, signed on December 10, 1898, ceded the Philippines to the United States, but did not prevent the inauguration of the First Philippine Republic on January 23, 1899.

Uploaded by

marchelallengalicia
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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CIVICS 6

Prelude to Philippine Independence

 Spanish-American War – United States’ need for outside markets and Spain’s decline as a
superpower. US needed colonies to sell her surpluses and Spain’s colonies were an easy
target due to her declining control over them.
1895 – Cuban revolution began
Maine – (an American warship) was mysteriously blown up in Havana, Cuba on February 15, 1898.
Resolution of April 20,1898 – the Congress passed this resolution demanding the Spain to leave
Cuba.
April 24, 1898 – Spain declared war on the United States in response to the US action.

 Filipino-American Collaboration – a series of negotiations for Filipino-American


collaboration were held prior to the outbreak of the Spanish-American war.
Aguinaldo – had many negotiations with the American.
Edward P. Wood – American gunboat commander. He directed Aguinaldo thru Dewey’s order to
return to the Philippines and resume the fight against Spain.
Battle of Manila Bay – The Cuban revolution materialized the United States’ desire to improve its’
own rule in both Cuba and the Philippines.
February 25, 1898 – Roosevelt ( under secretary of the United States Navy) cabled Commodore
Dewey to take his fleet to Hongkong and await further instructions.
May 1, 1898 – Dewey destroyed the Spanish fleet on May 1, 1898.

 Aguinaldo’s Return – Hongkong Junta met three days after the Battle of Manilato discuss its
next move.
May 4, 1898 – resulted Aguinaldo’s decision to return to the Philippines.
McCulloch – his second trip had the necessary permit to board Aguinaldo and his 13 colleagues
May 19, 1898 – they arrived in Cavite

 Manila Mock Battle – Dewey did not enter Manila following his victory in the Battle of Manila
Bay because he needed more reinforcements.
May 31, 1898- Aguinaldo demanded and even offered generous terms for the surrender of Spanish
troops.
August 13, 1898 – agreement was signed that Filipinos were not permitted to enter Manila.
General Merritt – placed Manila under American military rule.

The Establishment of the Foundation of the Republic

 Declaration of the Philippine Independence – the unwillingness of the United Stated to


allow Filipinos to participate in the process of Spain’s surrender contributed to the immediate
declaration of Philippine Independence.
June 12 1898 – Philippine Independence was declared in Kawit, Cavite.
Philippine flag – was raised for the first time
Julian Felipe – composed the National Anthem
Ambrosio Rianzares Bautista – he prepared the declaration of Philippine Independence.
98 people – signed the declaration of Philippine Independence.
L.M. Johnson – American Colonel of Artillery – included to sign.
Dewey – was invited by Aguinaldo. Attended but didn’t inform Washington.
 The Revolutionary Government - Aguinaldo established a dictatorial government in Cavite
upon his arrival.
Consul Wildman – advised Aguinaldo to establish a dictatorial government in Cavite.
June 23, 1898 – Apolinario Mabini persuaded Aguinaldo to switch from dictatorial to revolutionary
government.
The Malolos Congress – was called to ratify the Declaration of Philippine Independence and
establish a free government.
September 15, 1898 – inauguration of the Malolos Congress at Barasoain Church in Malolos,
Bulacan.
Dr. Pedro Paterno – President
Benito Legarda – Vice President
Gregorio Araneta and Pablo Ocampo – Congress officers (secretaries)

The Congress accomplished the following:


1. Ratifying Philippine independence on September 29, 1898
2. Providing for a national loan of Php 20,000,000 to finace the government
3. Drafting the Constitution of the First Philippine Republic
4. Establishing the Unibersidad Literaria de Filipinas and other Schools
5. Establishing the Philippine Women’s Red Cross Association

 The Malolos Constitution – Mabini opposed to draft a constitution, but he was defeated by
the majority.
Felipe Calderon – tasked to draft th constitution. He patterned the constitution from the
constitution of Spain, France, Belgium and Mexico, Nicaragua and other South American
republics.
14 – titles
101 – articles

Principles were enshrined in the Constitutions


1. Separation of church and state
2. Protection of individuals rights
3. Importance of education

November 29, 1898 – final draft of Malolos constitution was adopted by the Congress
January 21, 1898 – the Malolos constitution promulgated by Aguinaldo

Threat to the Republic

The Treaty of Paris – to end the Spanish-American War, Spain and the United States sent peace
commissioners to Paris to negotiate a peace treaty.
William R. Day – represented the United States
Eugenio Montero Rios – represented Spain
December 10, 1898 – the Treaty of Paris was finalizes and ratified.
The treaty provided the following provisions:
1. Cession of the Philippines to the United States
2. Payment of USD 20,000,00 by the United States to Spain
3. Cession of Guam and Puerto Rico by Spain to the United States
4. Withdrawal of Spains’ sovereignty from Cuba
5. Determination of the political and civil and civil rights of the ceded countries by the United
States Congress

Felipe Agoncillo – was sent to Paris by Aguinaldo to represent the Philippines in the
negotiations but he was not recognized.

 The First Philippine Republic – the Treaty of Paris did not impede the establishement of the
.Philippine republic.
January 23, 1898 – the First Philippine Republic was inaugurated in Malolos

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