POLISH MARITIME RESEARCH 3 (95) 2017 Vol. 24; pp.

78-85
10.1515/pomr-2017-0092

MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMIC FLOW OF VISCOUS FLUID

IN A SLOT BETWEEN FIXED SURFACES OF REVOLUTION

Jerzy Sawicki
UTP University of Science and Technology in Bydgoszcz, Poland

ABSTRACT

The paper considers stationary magnetohydrodynamic flow of viscous fluid in the slot between fixed curvilinear
surfaces of revolution exposed to azimuthal magnetic field. To solve the problem, the equations of boundary layer in
the curvilinear coordinate system. x,θ,y , were applied. The equations of the boundary layer were solved analytically
with the use of the small-parameter method. The formulas determine the field of velocity and pressure.

Keywords: laminar flow,incompressible magnetohydrodynamic flow,method of perturbation

solid materials existed in practice. In contemporary industry

INTRODUCTION the control of magnetic and electric field is used in many
technical devices [14].
Magnetohydrodynamics is a section of fluid mechanics There are known applications of magnets and electro-
covering the aspects of the movement of fluids allowing magnets, controlled magnetoreological fluids not allowing
the flow of an electrical current in magnetic and electrical the flow of an electrical current, electrorheological and
field [1,11]. Especially magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) uses Newton fluids allowing the flow of an electrical current (e.g.
the laws of fluid mechanics and electrical engineering to electrolytes, ionised seawater, non-magnetic liquid metals).
determine the interaction of the fluid and electromagnetic In the process of design, manufacture and assembly the
field [14]. application of such fluids requires the knowledge of effects
In the second half of the 20th century research was launched which appear both as a result of external effect of the magnetic
on the use of the phenomena of magnetohydrodynamics for and electrical field and the effects being a result of the flow
the design of MHD drive of submarines. itself in the construction element.
The magnetohydrodynamic submarine drive is currently In construction systems we can deal with a laminar flow
at the phase of R&D work. characteristic for the so-called narrow slot and turbulent flow.
The appearance of superconductors decreased the amount Laminar viscous fluid flows allowing the flow of an
of energy necessary for generating the right magnetic field for electrical current in the slots of technical devices exposed
designed drive systems (MHD). Superconductive magnets can to stationary and non-stationary magnetic and electrical fields
generate a very strong magnetic field allowing for producing have triggered much interest [1,5,14,16]. The studies of viscous
a thrust capable of moving a submarine [15]. fluid flows exposed to magnetic and electrical fields as well
Before appearance of controlled rheological fluids reacting as an effect of those fields on various physical and chemical
to external magnetic and electric field in technology , only processes have been performed for many years [4,10,11,13,].

78 POLISH MARITIME RESEARCH, No 3/2017

 Interestingly, research in that field is still essential for The momentum equation:
practical purposes.
A new potential offered by fluids allowing the flow of an ߩሺࢂ‫׏‬ሻࢂ ൌ െ‫ ݌׏‬൅ ߤοࢂ ൅ ࢐ ൈ ࡮ (2)
electrical current in solving numerous design and operational
issues (plain bearings, clutches, sealings, dampers etc.) in where: V, j, B, p, ρ, μ, – stands for the vector of viscous fluid
terms of friction, wear and lubrication, especially under velocity, current density vector, magnetic induction vector,
extreme working conditions, determines the need of research pressure, density, dynamic viscosity, respectively.
of such flows [3,5,6,8,9,17]. In order to “close” the set of Eqs (1) and (2) the additional
The aim of this paper has been an analysis of the effect equations of the electromagnetic field is necessary [1]:
of magnetic and electrical field as well as inertia effects on
the flow of fluid allowing the flow of an electrical current in ‫ ׏‬ൈ ࡱ ൌ Ͳ (3)
the slot between fixed curvilinear rotating surfaces exposed
to an external azimuthal magnetic and orthogonal field to ‫ ࡱ׏‬ൌ Ͳ (4)
the surfaces inhibiting the flow of electrical field.
‫ ׏‬ൈ ࡮ ൌ ߤ଴ ࢐ (5)

BASIC EQUATIONS ‫ ࡮׏‬ൌ Ͳ (6)

The motion of electro-conductive viscous fluids flowing ‫ ࢐׏‬ൌ Ͳ (7)

through a slot between the curvilinear surfaces of revolution
presented in Fig. 1, is assumed to be laminar, steady and ࢐ ൌ ߪሺࡱ ൅ ࢂ ൈ ࡮ሻ (8)
isothermal.
where: E, μ0 , σ: electrical field vector, magnetic permeability,
r p0 electrical conductivity, respectively.
y Writing Eqs. (1), (2), (8) in the curvilinear system of
x coordinates x, θ, y and applying the estimations typical for
x0 flows occurring in thin layers, h << R(x), we obtain [12, 17]:
Bθ pi
R0
R(x) ଵ డሺோ௩ೣ ሻ డ௩೤
xi Ri ൅ ൌ Ͳ (9)
ș Z ோ డ௫ డ௬

డ௩ೣ డ௩ೣ డ௣ డమ ௩ೣ
ߩ ቀ‫ݒ‬௫ ൅ ‫ݒ‬௭ ቁൌെ ൅ߤ െ ݆௬ ‫ܤ‬ఏ  (10)
డ௫ డ௬ డ௫ డ௬ మ

డ௣
ൌ Ͳ (11)
డ௬

2h(x)
݆௬ ൌ ߪ൫‫ܧ‬௬ ൅ ‫ݒ‬௫ ‫ܤ‬ఏ ൯ (12)

Fig. 1. Magnetohydrodynamic fluid flow area where: vx , v y, p, Ey, Bθ : velocity components, pressure,
component of magnetization, component of magnetic field,
respectively.
The flow occurs in the presence of external stationary Thus, from Eq. (11) we have:
magnetic (0,Bθ,0) and electrical (0,0,Ey) fields in a slot bounded
by electrically conducting surfaces. The magnetic Reynolds ‫ ݌‬ൌ ‫݌‬ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ (13)
number is assumed to be much less than unity, Rem << 1, that
makes it possible to disregard the effect of the magnetic field The boundary conditions for velocity components and
induced by the motion of the fluid. pressure are:
On the base of the general laws of conservation of the mass – velocity components
and momentum, the equations of motion take the following
form [1,2,4,7]: ‫ݒ‬௫ ሺ‫ݔ‬ǡ ‫݄ט‬ሻ ൌ Ͳǡ‫ݒ‬௬ ሺ‫ݔ‬ǡ ‫݄ט‬ሻ ൌ Ͳǡ (14)
The continuum equation:
– pressure
• at the inlet:
‫ ࢂ׏‬ൌ Ͳ (1) ‫ ݌‬ൌ ‫݌‬௜ IRU‫ ݔ‬ൌ ‫ݔ‬௜ 

POLISH MARITIME RESEARCH, No 3/2017 79

 • at the outlet
డ௣బ డమ ௩ೣబ
Ͳൌെ ൅ߤ െ ݆௬଴ ‫ܤ‬ఏ  (23)
డ௫ డ௬ మ
‫ ݌‬ൌ ‫݌‬଴ IRU‫ ݔ‬ൌ ‫ݔ‬଴  (15)

ଵ డ൫ோ௩ೣభ ൯ డ௩೤భ
where: xi – denotes the inlet coordinate, x 0 – the outlet ൅ ൌ Ͳ (24)
ோ డ௫ డ௬
coordinate.
డ௩ೣబ డ௩ೣబ డ௣భ డమ ௩ೣభ
ߩ ቂ‫ݒ‬௫଴ ൅ ‫ݒ‬௬଴ ቃൌെ ൅ߤ  െ ݆௬଴ ‫ܤ‬ఏ  (25)
డ௫ డ௬ డ௫ డ௬ మ
SOLUTION OF THE EQUATIONS
OF MOTION
The boundary conditions in accordance with Eqs. (14) and
Introducing the following dimensionless quantities: (15), have the form:
for
‫ݔ‬ ‫ݕ‬ ܴ
‫ݔ‬෤ ൌ ǡ ‫ݕ‬෤ ൌ ǡ ܴ෨ ൌ ǡ
ܴ௢ ݄௢ ܴ௢ ‫ݒ‬௫଴ ൌ ‫ݒ‬௫ଵ ൌ ‫ݒ‬௬଴ ൌ ‫ݒ‬௬ଵ ൌ ͲIRU‫ ݕ‬ൌ ‫݄ט‬ (26)
(16)
‫ݒ‬௫ ‫ݒ‬௬ ܴ௢ ‫݄݌‬௢ ݄௢ for
‫ݒ‬෤௫ ൌ ǡ ‫ݒ‬෤௬ ൌ ǡ‫݌‬෤ ൌ 
‫ݒ‬௢ ‫ݒ‬௢ ݄௢ ߤ‫ݒ‬௢ ܴ௢ ‫݌‬଴ ൌ ‫݌‬௜ ‫݌‬ଵ ൌ ͲIRU‫ ݔ‬ൌ ‫ݔ‬௜
(27)
we can present the equations of motion (9) ÷ (11) in the form: ‫݌‬଴ ൌ ‫݌‬଴ ‫݌‬ଵ ൌ ͲIRU‫ ݔ‬ൌ ‫ݔ‬଴ 

෥೐ ோ௩෤ೣ ሻ
ଵ డሺఘ ෥೐ ௩෤೤ ൯
డ൫ఘ Integrating Eqs. (22)–(25) with the boundary conditions
෨
൅ ൌ Ͳ (17) (26)–(27) we have:
ோ డ௫෤ డ௬෤
ଵ ௣೔ ି௣బ ି஻೔ ା஻బ
డ௩෤ೣ డ௩෤ೣ డ௣෤ డమ ௩෤ೣ
‫ݒ‬௫଴ ൌ ሺ‫ ݕ‬ଶ െ ݄ଶ ሻ (28)
ଶఓோ௛య ሺ஺೔ ି஺బ ሻିሺெ೔ ିெబ ሻ
ߣ ቀ‫ݒ‬෤௫ ൅ ‫ݒ‬௬ ቁൌെ ൅ െ ଔǁ௬ ‫ܤ‬෨ఏ ‫ܽܪ‬ (18)
డ௫෤ డ௬෤ డ௫෤ డ௬෤ మ
௛ᇲ ௣೔ ି௣బ ି஻೔ ା஻బ
డ௣෤ ‫ݒ‬௬଴ ൌ ሺ݄ଶ ‫ ݕ‬െ ‫ ݕ‬ଷ ሻ (29)
ଶఓோ௛ర ሺ஺೔ ି஺బ ሻିሺெ೔ ିெబ ሻ
Ͳൌ ෤
 (19)
డ௬
ሾ஺ሺ௫ሻି஺బ ሿሺ௣೔ ି஻೔ ሻሾଵା௓ሺ௫ሻሿିሾ஺ሺ௫ሻି஺೔ ሿሺ௣బ ି஻బ ሻሾଵାௐሺ௫ሻሿ
where: ‫݌‬଴ ൌ ‫ܤ‬ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൅ ሺ஺೔ ି஺బ ሻାሺெ೔ ିெబ ሻ
 (30)
ఙ ஻ ௛ ఙ ௛ ଶఘ௩బ ௛బ
‫ ܽܪ‬ൌ ‫݄ܤ‬଴ ට ‫ܤ‬෨ఏ ൌ ഇଔǁ௬ ൌ ݆௬ బ ට ߣ ൌ ܴ݁ బ ܴ݁ ൌ 
ఓ ஻ ௩೚ ఓ ோ೚ ఓ
ଵ ఘ஼ మ ൫ோ௛ᇲ ൯
‫ݒ‬௫ଵ ൌ ሺ͵ͷ݄ଶ ‫ ݕ‬ସ െ ͹‫ ଺ ݕ‬൅ ͷ݄଺ െ ͵͵݄ସ ‫ ݕ‬ଶ ሻ (31)
଼ସ଴ ఓ య ோయ ௛ళ
The quantities marked ‚zero’ are average values within the
discussed flow domain; λ – is the modified Reynolds number
ሺோ௛ሻᇲ ᇱ
which satisfies the condition: ‫ݒ‬௬ଵ ൌ
ଵ ఘ஼ మ
଼ସ଴ ఓ య ோ
൜ቂ
ோమ ௛ళ
ቃ ሺ‫ ଻ ݕ‬െ ͹݄ଶ ‫ ݕ‬ହ െ ͷ݄଺ ‫ ݕ‬൅ ͳͳ݄ସ ‫ ݕ‬ଷ ሻ ൅
ሺோ௛ሻᇲ ௛ᇲ
ோమ ௛ళ
ሺͶͶ݄ଷ ‫ ݕ‬ଷ െ ͳͶ݄‫ ݕ‬ହ െ ͵Ͳ݄ହ ‫ݕ‬ሻൠ (32)

ߣ ൏ ͳ (20)
ሾ஺ሺ௫ሻି஺బ ሿ஽೔ ିሾ஺ሺ௫ሻି஺೔ ሿ஽బ
‫݌‬ଵ ൌ ‫ܦ‬ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ െ  (33)
஺೔ ି஺బ
In Eqs. (17), (18), (19) describing motion of electro-
conductive fluid, if condition (20) is satisfied, λ is a small where:
parameter of the system.
ௗோ ௗ௛ ௣ ି஻೔ ିሺ௣బ ି஻బ ሻ
Thus, the solution can be sought for in the form of power ܴᇱ ൌ ݄ᇱ ൌ ‫ ܥ‬ൌ ሺ஺ ೔ 
series with respect to λ: ௗ௫ ௗ௫ ೔ ି஺బ ሻାሺெ೔ ିெబ ሻ

ௗ௫
‫ܣ‬ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ‫׬‬ ‫ܣ‬௜ ൌ ‫ܣ‬ሺ‫ݔ‬௜ ሻ‫ܣ‬଴ ൌ ‫ܣ‬ሺ‫ݔ‬଴ ሻ
ோ௛య
‫ݒ‬෤௫ ൌ σஶ ෤௫ǡ ‫ݒ‬෤௬ ൌ σஶ
௜ ௜
௜ୀ଴ ߣ ‫ݒ‬ ෤௬ǡ ‫݌‬෤ ൌ σஶ
௜ ௜
௜ୀ଴ ߣ ‫ݒ‬
௜ ௜
௜ୀ଴ ߣ ‫݌‬
෤ǡ  (21)

ௗ௫
Introducing the series (21) into Eqs. (17), (18) and ‫ܤ‬ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ െߪ‫ܧ‬௬ ‫ܴܤ‬௜ ‫׬‬ ‫ܤ‬௜ ൌ ‫ܤ‬ሺ‫ݔ‬௜ ሻ‫ܤ‬଴ ൌ ‫ܤ‬ሺ‫ݔ‬଴ ሻ
ோ
grouping the terms with the same powers of λ, confining the
considerations to linear approximation and returning to the ሺெሺ௫ሻିெబ ሻ ሺெሺ௫ሻିெ೔ ሻ
previous dimensional form, we get the following equations: ܼሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ሺ஺ሺ௫ሻି஺బ ሻ
ܹሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ሺ஺ሺ௫ሻି஺೔ ሻ


డ௩೤బ ଵ ௗ௫
ଵ డ൫ோ௩ೣబ ൯ ‫ܯ‬ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ‫ܽܪ‬ଶ ܴ௜ଶ ‫ ׬‬ሺோ௛ሻయ‫ܯ‬௜ ൌ ‫ܯ‬ሺ‫ݔ‬௜ ሻ‫ܯ‬଴ ൌ ‫ܯ‬ሺ‫ݔ‬଴ ሻ
൅ ൌ Ͳ (22) ଷ
ோ డ௫ డ௬

80 POLISH MARITIME RESEARCH, No 3/2017

 ‫ܬ‬ we obtain the formulae representing the motion of the MHD
‫ܧ‬௬ ൌ fluid inside the slot between the fixed conical surfaces:
ͳ ሺ‫ܣ‬௜ െ ‫ܣ‬଴ ሻ
ʹߨߪ ൤‫ݏ‬ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ െ ‫ܽܪ‬ଶ ܴ௜ଶ ‫ݏݏ‬ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൨
͵ ሺ‫ܣ‬௜ െ ‫ܣ‬଴ ሻ ൅ ሺ‫ܯ‬௜ െ ‫ܯ‬଴ ሻ
݄ଶ ሺ‫݌‬௜ െ ‫݌‬଴ ሻ ഥ షಳ
ಳ ഥ
ଵି ഥ೔ షభబ
൅ ‫ܴܽܪ‬௜ ‫ݏݏ‬ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ  ೛೔
͵ߤߪ ሺ‫ܣ‬௜ െ ‫ܣ‬଴ ሻ ൅ ሺ‫ܯ‬௜ െ ‫ܯ‬଴ ሻ ‫ݒ‬ҧ௫଴ ൌ൭ ೘ ష೘ ൱ ሺͳ െ ߟ ଶ ሻ (34)
ଵା ೔ షೌ బ
ೌ೔ బ
௫ ௫ ௗ௫
‫ݏ‬ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ‫׬‬௫ బ ܴ݀‫ݏݏ ݔ‬ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ‫׬‬௫ బ 
ோ
೔ ೔
‫ݒ‬ҧ௬଴ ൌ Ͳ (35)

଺ఘ஼ మ ሺோ௛ሻᇲ
‫ܦ‬ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ‫׬‬ ݀‫ܦݔ‬௜ ൌ ‫ܦ‬ሺ‫ݔ‬௜ ሻ‫ܦ‬଴ ൌ ‫ܦ‬ሺ‫ݔ‬଴ ሻ
ଷହఓమ ோయ ௛య ሾ௔ሺ௫ሻି௔బ ሿሺ௣ҧ೔ ି஻ത೔ ሻሾଵା௭ሺ௫ሻሿିሾ௔ሺ௫ሻି௔೔ ሿሺଵି஻തబ ሻሾଵା௪ሺ௫ሻሿ
‫݌‬ҧ ଴ ൌ ‫ܤ‬തሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൅ ሺ௔೔ ି௔బ ሻାሺ௠೔ ି௠బ ሻ
 (36)

The complete solution to the magnetohydrodynamic fluid

flow problem inside a slot between (in general) curvilinear
ଵ ௔೔ ି௔బ ሾ௣ҧ೔ ିଵି஻ത೔ ା஻തబ ሿమ
surfaces consists of the sum of partial solutions v0 and v1. ‫ݒ‬ҧ௫ଵ ൌ െ Ȧܿ మ ሺͷ െ ͹ߟ ଺ ൅ ͵ͷߟ ସ െ ͵͵ߟ ଶ ሻ (37)
ସଶ଴క మ ௣ҧ೔ ିଵ ൫೘೔ ష೘బ ൯
൤ଵା ൨
൫ೌ೔ షೌబ ൯

HYDROMAGNETIC FLUID FLOW ଵ ௔೔ ି௔బ ሾ௣ҧ೔ ିଵି஻ത೔ ା஻തబ ሿమ

BETWEEN FIXED CONICAL SURFACES ‫ݒ‬ҧ௬ଵ ൌ Ȧܿ మ ሺߟ ଻ െ ͹ߟ ହ ൅ ͳͳߟ ଷ െ ͷߟሻ (38)
ଶସ଴క య ௣ҧ೔ ିଵ ൫೘೔ ష೘బ ൯
൤ଵା ൨
൫ೌ೔ షೌబ ൯

The parameters describing the geometry of the considered

flow region can be written as follows (Fig. 2): ഥ ೔ ିሾ௔ሺ௫ሻି௔೔ ሿ஽
ഥబ
ሾ௔ሺ௫ሻି௔బ ሿ஽
ഥ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ െ
‫݌‬ҧଵ ൌ ‫ܦ‬  (39)
௔೔ ି௔బ
ܴሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ‫݊݅ݏݔ‬ሺߙሻܴ௜ ൌ ‫ݔ‬௜ ‫݊݅ݏ‬ሺߙሻ
ܴ଴ ൌ ‫ݔ‬଴ ‫݊݅ݏ‬ሺߙሻܴᇱ ൌ ‫݊݅ݏ‬ሺ‫ן‬ሻ where:

Introducing the dimensionless quantities into Eqs. ܽሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ݈݊ሺߦሻܽ௜ ൌ ܽሺߦ௜ ሻܽ଴ ൌ ܽሺߦ଴ ሻ
(28)–(32):
௫ ௬ ఙ
ߦൌ ߟ ൌ ܴതᇱ ൌ ͳǡ ‫ܤ‬തሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ െ‫ݔܽܪܧ‬௜ ݈݊ሺߦሻ‫ܤ‬ത௜ ൌ ‫ܤ‬തሺߦ௜ ሻ‫ܤ‬ത଴ ൌ ‫ܤ‬തሺߦ଴ ሻ‫ ܽܪ‬ൌ ‫݄ܤ‬଴ ට 
ఓ
ோబ ௛
௩ೣ ௩೤ ோబ ଵ ଵ ௣ҧ೔ ିଵ
‫ݒ‬ҧ௫ ൌ బ ‫ݒ‬ҧ௬ ൌ బ  ‫ܧ‬ൌ మ మ ቂ‫ ܫ‬െ ‫ߦܽܪ‬௜ ݈݊ሺߦ௜ ሻ ሺ௔ ቃ
௩ೣ೘ೌೣ ௩ೣ೘ೌೣ ௛ భ భಹೌ ഍೔ ೗೙൫഍೔ ൯ ଷ ೔ ି௔బ ሻାሺ௠೔ ି௠బ ሻ
మ
൫ଵିక೔మ ൯ାయ
൫೘೔ ష೘బ ൯
భశ
൫ೌ೔ షೌబ ൯

଴
‫݌‬଴ ݄ଶ ሺ‫݌‬ҧ௜ െ ͳሻ
‫ݒ‬௫௠௔௫ ൌ 
ʹ‫ܴߤݔ‬଴ ሺܽ଴ െ ܽ௜ ሻ ଵ కమ
݉ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ െ ‫ܽܪ‬ଶ ೔మ݉௜ ൌ ݉ሺߦ௜ ሻ݉଴ ൌ ݉ሺߦ଴ ሻ
଺ క

r p0
ሺ௠ሺ௫ሻି௠బ ሻ ሺ௠ሺ௫ሻି௠೔ ሻ
y ‫ݖ‬ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ͳ ൅ ሺ௔ሺ௫ሻି௔బ ሻ
‫ݓ‬ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ͳ ൅ ሺ௔ሺ௫ሻି௔೔ ሻ

x x0
Bθ R0 ௃ξఓ ா೤ ௫బ ୱ୧୬‫ן‬ξఙఓ
pi ‫ܫ‬ൌ ‫ ܧ‬ൌ 
ଶగ௛௣బ ௫బ ୱ୧୬ ఈξఙ ௛௣೔
R(x)
ș xi Ri Z
ଷ ሺ௣ҧ೔ ିଵି஻ത೔ ା஻തబ ሻమ
Į ഥ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ െ
‫ܦ‬ Ȧܿ మ 
ଷହ ൫೘೔ ష೘బ ൯
క మ ൤ଵା ൨
൫ೌ೔ షೌబ ൯

ఘ௣బ ௛ర
2h(x) ഥ௜ ൌ ‫ܦ‬
‫ܦ‬ ഥ଴ ൌ ‫ܦ‬
ഥ ሺߦ௜ ሻ‫ܦ‬ ഥ ሺߦ଴ ሻȦܿ ൌ 
ఓ ோబమ ሺ௔೔ ି௔బ ሻమ
మ

The above given formulas have been illustrated in Fig. 3

Fig. 2. Conical slot geometry and Fig. 6.

POLISH MARITIME RESEARCH, No 3/2017 81

η 1 5
‫݌‬ҧ Ha=0 inertia effect
0,8
Ha=0 ap. Reynolds
0,6
4 Ha=2 inertia effect E=0
0,4 Ha=0 ap. Reynolds
Ha=2 ap. Reynolds E=0
Ha=2 E=0 ap. Reynolds
0,2
Ha=2 I=0 ap. Reynolds ‫ݒ‬ҧ௫ Ha=2 inertia effect I=0
3
0 Ha=2 ap. Reynolds I=0
Ha=0 ineria effect
0 0,2 0,4 0,6 0,8 1
-0,2 Ha=2 E=0 inertia effect

-0,4 Ha=2 I=0 inertia effect 2

-0,6
-0,8
1
-1  0,2 0,4 0,6 0,8 ‫ݔ‬ҧ 1 
Fig. 3. Effect of magnetic field (Hartmann number (Ha)) and inertia effects Fig. 6. Effect of magnetic field (Hartmann number (Ha)) and inertia effects on
on the profile of the velocity component ‫ݒ‬ҧ௫ the pressure distribution ‫݌‬ҧ 

ሺߦ ൌ Ͳǡ͸ǡ‫݌‬
ഥ ௜ ൌ ͷǡ Ȧܿ ൌ ͲǡͲͷሻ ሺߦ௜ ൌ Ͳǡʹǡ ߦ଴ ൌ ͳǡ‫݌‬ҧ௜ ൌ ͷǡ Ȧܿ ൌ ͲǡͲͷǡ ሻ

1 Ha=0
η
0,8 Ha=2 E=0 HYDROMAGNETIC FLUID FLOW
0,6 Ha=2 I=0 BETWEEN FIXED SPHERICAL SURFACES
0,4
0,2 The parameters describing the geometry of the flow region
‫ݒ‬௫ ଵ
0
can be written as follows (Fig. 7):
-0,04 -0,02 -0,2 0 0,02 0,04 0,06

-0,4 ܴሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ܴ௞ ‫݊݅ݏ‬ሺ߮ሻܴ௜ ൌ ܴ௞ ‫݊݅ݏ‬ሺ߮௜ ሻ

-0,6
-0,8
-1 ܴ଴ ൌ ܴ௞ ‫݊݅ݏ‬ሺ߮଴ ሻ

Fig. 4. Effect of magnetic field (Hartmann number (Ha)) and inertia effects ௫
on the profile of the velocity component ‫ݒ‬ҧ௫ଵ  ܴᇱ ൌ ܿ‫ݏ݋‬ሺ߮ሻ߮ ൌ 
ோೖ
ሺߦ ൌ Ͳǡ͸ǡ‫݌‬
ഥ ௜ ൌ ͷǡ Ȧܿ ൌ ͲǡͲͷሻ
After introducing the functions used for describing the
geometry of the flow area (Fig. 7) in Eqs. (28)–(32) and
providing the dimensionless quantities:
η1
0,8
0,6 ௬ ோሺ௫ሻ
ߟ ൌ ܴത ൌ ܴത ᇱ ൌ ܿ‫ݏ݋‬ሺ߮ሻ
0,4 ௛ ோబ
0,2 ‫ݒ‬ҧ௬ ଵ

0
-0,15 -0,1 -0,05 -0,2 0 0,05 0,1 0,15 ௩ೣ ௩೤ ோೖ ௦௜௡ሺఝబ ሻ
‫ݒ‬ҧ௫ ൌ బ ‫ݒ‬ҧ௬ ൌ బ 
௩ೣ೘ೌೣ ௩ೣ೘ೌೣ ௛
-0,4
-0,6 Ha=0

-0,8 Ha=0 E=0

଴
‫݌‬଴ ݄ଶ ሺ‫݌‬ҧ௜ െ ͳሻ
-1
Ha=2 I=0 ‫ݒ‬௫௠௔௫ ൌ 
 ʹߤ‫݊݅ݏ‬ሺ߮ሻሺܽ଴ െ ܽ௜ ሻܴ଴
Fig. 5. Effect of magnetic field (Hartmann number (Ha)) and inertia effects
on the profile of the velocity component ‫ݒ‬ҧ௬ଵ

ሺߦ௜ ൌ Ͳǡʹǡ ߦ଴ ൌ Ͳǡ͸ǡ‫݌‬ҧ௜ ൌ ͷǡ Ȧܿ ൌ ͲǡͲͷሻ

82 POLISH MARITIME RESEARCH, No 3/2017

 ‫ܧ‬ൌ
r p0 ଵ
మ మ കబ ക೔ ቂ‫ ܫ‬െ
భ భಹೌ ೞ೔೙ ക೔ ቂ೟ೌ೙ቀ మ ቁషቚ೟ೌ೙ቀ మ ቁቚቃ
൫௖௢௦ሺఝ೔ ሻି௖௢௦ሺఝబ ሻ൯ା
y x మ య
భశ ೔
൫೘ ష೘బ ൯
൫ೌ೔ షೌబ ൯

ଵ ఝ ఝ ௣ҧ೔ ିଵ
x0 ‫݊݅ݏܽܪܧܽܪ‬ሺ߮௜ ሻ௜ ቂቚ‫ ݊ܽݐ‬ቀ బ ቁቚ െ ቚ‫ ݊ܽݐ‬ቀ ೔ ቁቚቃ ሺ௔ ቃ
ଷ ଶ ଶ ೔ ି௔బ ሻାሺ௠೔ ି௠బ ሻ
R0
Bθ
R0 ଵ ௗఝ
R(x) ݉ሺ߮ሻ ൌ െ ‫ܽܪ‬ଶ ‫݊݅ݏ‬ଶ ሺ߮௜ ሻ ‫׬‬ 
଺ ௦௜௡య ሺఝሻ
pi ϕ
ș ϕi ZZ
݉௜ ൌ ݉ሺ߮௜ ሻ݉଴ ൌ ݉ሺ߮଴ ሻ
Ri ϕ0
ሺ௠ሺఝሻି௠బ ሻ ሺ௠ሺఝሻି௠೔ ሻ
‫ݖ‬ሺ߮ሻ ൌ ͳ ൅ ሺ௔ሺఝሻି௔బ ሻ
‫ݓ‬ሺ߮ሻ ൌ ͳ ൅ ሺ௔ሺఝሻି௔೔ ሻ


௃ξఓ ா೤ ோబ ୱ୧୬ሺఝబ ሻξఙఓ

‫ܫ‬ൌ ‫ܧ‬ ൌ 
ଶగ௛௣బ ோబ ୱ୧୬ሺఝబ ሻξఙ ௛௣బ
2h(x)
ଷ ଵ ሺ௣ҧ೔ ିଵି஻ത೔ ା஻തబ ሻమ
ഥ ሺ߮ሻ ൌ െ
‫ܦ‬ Ȧ‫ݏ‬ మ 
ଷହ ௦௜௡మ ሺఝሻ ൫೘೔ ష೘బ ൯
൤ଵା ൨
൫ೌ೔ షೌబ ൯

ఘ௣బ ௛ర
ഥ௜ ൌ ‫ܦ‬
‫ܦ‬ ഥ଴ ൌ ‫ܦ‬
ഥ ሺ߮௜ ሻ‫ܦ‬ ഥ ሺ߮଴ ሻȦ‫ ݏ‬ൌ 
Fig. 7. Spherical slot geometry ఓ మ ோబమ ሺ௔೔ ି௔బ ሻమ

we obtain the formulas representing the motion of the MHD Since the diagrams of the MHD fluid flow velocity
fluid inside the slot between the fixed spherical surfaces: distribution along the slot between the fixed spherical
surfaces show no substantial differences from the
ഥ షಳ
ಳ ഥ
ଵି ഥ೔ బ magnetohydrodynamic flow velocity distribution in the
೛೔ షభ
‫ݒ‬ҧ௫଴ ൌ ൭ ೘ ష೘ ൱ ሺͳ െ ߟ ଶ ሻ (40) slot between the fixed conical surfaces, only the formulas
ଵା ೌ೔ షೌ బ
೔ బ for pressure profiles are illustrated in the diagram (Fig. 8).

‫ݒ‬ҧ௬଴ ൌ Ͳ (41)

5
‫݌‬ҧ Ha=0 inertia effect

ሾ௔ሺఝሻି௔బ ሿሺ௣ҧ ೔ ି஻ത೔ ሻሾଵା௭ሺఝሻሿିሾ௔ሺఝሻି௔೔ ሿሺଵି஻തబ ሻሾଵା௪ሺఝሻሿ Ha=0 ap. Reynolds

‫݌‬ҧ ଴ ൌ ‫ܤ‬തሺ߮ሻ ൅ ሺ௔೔ ି௔బ ሻାሺ௠೔ ି௠బ ሻ
 (42) 4 Ha=2 inertia effect E=0

Ha=2 ap. Reynolds E=0

ଵ ௔ ି௔ ሾ௣ҧ ିଵି஻ത೔ ା஻തబ ሿమ ௖௢௦ሺఝሻ Ha=2 ineria effect I=0

‫ݒ‬ҧ௫ଵ ൌ െ Ȧ‫ ݏ‬೔ బ ೔ మ ሺͷ ଺ ସ
െ ͹ߟ ൅ ͵ͷߟ െ ͵͵ߟ ଶ ሻ
(43) 3
ସଶ଴ ௣ҧ೔ ିଵ ൫೘ ష೘ ൯ ௦௜௡మ ሺఝሻ
൤ଵା ೔ బ ൨ Ha=2 ap. Reynolds I=0
൫ೌ೔ షೌబ ൯

ଵ ௔೔ ି௔బ ሾ௣ҧ೔ ିଵି஻ത೔ ା஻തబ ሿమ

‫ݒ‬ҧ௬ଵ ൌ Ȧ‫ݏ‬ మ ሾͳ ൅ ܿ‫ ݏ݋‬ଶ ሺ߮ሻሿሺߟ ଻ െ ͹ߟ ହ ൅ ͳͳߟ ଷ െ ͷߟሻ (44) 2
଻ଶ଴௦௜௡య ሺఝሻ ௣ҧ೔ ିଵ ൫೘೔ ష೘బ ൯
൤ଵା ൨
൫ೌ೔ షೌబ ൯

ഥ೔ ିሾ௔ሺఝሻି௔೔ ሿ஽
ሾ௔ሺఝሻି௔బ ሿ஽ ഥబ
ഥ ሺ߮ሻ െ
‫݌‬ҧଵ ൌ ‫ܦ‬  (45) 1
௔೔ ି௔బ 10 30 50 70 ϕ 90 
where: Fig. 8. Effect of magnetic field (Hartmann number (Ha)) and inertia effects on
the pressure distribution ‫݌‬ҧ
ఝ
ܽሺ߮ሻ ൌ ݈݊ ቚ‫ ݊ܽݐ‬ቀ ቁቚܽ௜ ൌ ܽሺ߮௜ ሻܽ଴ ൌ ܽሺ߮଴ ሻ
ଶ
ሺ߮௜ ൌ ͳͲ௢ ǡ ߮଴ ൌ ͻͲ௢ ǡ‫݌‬ҧ௜ ൌ ͷǡ Ȧܿ ൌ ͲǡͲͷሻ
ఝ
‫ܤ‬തሺ߮ሻ ൌ െ‫݊݅ݏܽܪܧ‬ሺ߮௜ ሻ݈݊ ൬‫ ݊ܽݐ‬ቀ ቁ൰
ଶ

ఙ
‫ܤ‬ത௜ ൌ ‫ܤ‬തሺ߮௜ ሻ‫ܤ‬ത଴ ൌ ‫ܤ‬തሺ߮଴ ሻ‫ ܽܪ‬ൌ ‫݄ܤ‬଴ ට 
ఓ

POLISH MARITIME RESEARCH, No 3/2017 83

 DISCUSSION OF THE RESULTS 4. Cowling T. G.: Magnetohydrodynamics, Interscience, New
York, 1957,
On the basis of the diagram and equations describing the
components of the field of velocity and pressure it is possible 5. Chang C.L., Li Y.M., Huang H.H., Leong J.C.: Analysis of
to formulate the following conclusions: fluid film lubrication of an MHD journal bearing subjected
For the longitudinal velocity ‫ݒ‬ҧ௫ (Fig. 3): to an axially applied external magnetic field, Applied
– the main profile of the velocity ‫ݒ‬ҧ௫଴  is a parabolic profile Mechanics and Materials, 2013, p. 437,
identical to traditional Poisseuille flow profile caused by
a steady gradient of pressure (constant pressure difference) 6. Hughes W.F., Elco R.A.: Magnetohydrodynamic lubrication
characteristic for the so-called Reynolds approximation, flow between parallel rotating disks, Journal of Fluid
– the so-called secondary profile symmetric to the slot Mechanics, 1962, 13, p. 1 ,
symmetry axis formed due to the occurrence of the flow
inertia effects agrees with the main velocity profile ‫ݒ‬ҧ௫ 7. Hughes W.F., Young F.J.: Electromagnetodynamics of fluids,
(Fig. 4), J. Wiley, London, 1964,
– increase in the intensity of magnetic field expressed by an
increase in the value of the Hartmann number, results in 8. Hamza E.A.: Magnetohydrodynamic effects on a fluid film
inhibiting the longitudinal velocity component ‫ݒ‬ҧ௫ , squeezed between two rotating surfaces, Journal of Physics,
– a short circuit in external electrical circuit (E=0), as 1991, 24, p. 4,
compared with open electrical circuit (I=0), results in
a greater deceleration of the velocity component ‫ݒ‬ҧ௫. 9. Kirillov I, R, Reed C.B.: MHD-flow in slotted channels with
For the transverse velocity ‫ݒ‬ҧ௬ (Fig. 5): conducting walls, Fusion Engineering and Design, 1995,
– distribution of the transverse velocity ‫ݒ‬ҧ௬  is the result 27, p.1
of inertia effects occurring in the flow,
– an increase in the intensity of magnetic field expressed by 10. Mohanty H.K.: Hydromagnetic flow between two rotating
an increase in the value of the Hartmann number , results discs with noncoincident parallel axes of rotation, Physics
in decelerating the velocity component ‫ݒ‬ҧ௬ , of Fluids, 1972, 15, p. 8
– a short circuit in external electrical circuit (E=0), as
compared with the open electrical circuit (I=0), results 11. Pai S. I.: Magnetogasdynamics and Plasma Dynamics,
in a greater deceleration of the velocity component ‫ݒ‬ҧ௬. Springer-Verlag, Viena, Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs,
For the pressure p (Fig. 6 and Fig. 8): 1962,
– inertia effects (Λ c, Λ s > 0) cause a minimum pressure
increase along the slot, 12. Sawicki J.: Magnetohydromagnetic flow of viscous fluid in
– an increase in the intensity of magnetic field, expressed by a slot between curvilinear surfaces of revolution, PAN-IPPT
an increase in the value of the Hartman number Ha, results Engineering Transactions, 1996, 44 (1),
in a pressure drop along the slot, characteristic for the
supply with constant pressure ‫݌‬ҧ௜ at the inlet (it decreases 13. Stephenson C.J.: Magnetohydrodynamic flow between
the effect of inertia), rotating coaxial disks, Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 1969,
– a short circuit in the external electric circuit (E=0), as 38, p. 2 ,
compared with open electric circuit (I=0) results in a higher
drop of the pressure ‫݌‬ҧ . 14. Sutton C.W., Sherman A.: Engineering magnetohydro-
The flow through slots with curvilinear profiles is less dynamics, Mc. Graw-Hill, New York, 1969,
susceptible to inertia effects.
15. Swallom D.W., Sawovnik I., Gibbs J.S., Bergh H.H.:
REFERENCES Magnetohydrodynamic submarine propulsion system,
103(4), 2009
1. Batażin A.B.: Ljubimow G.A.,Regirer C.A., Magnito-
gidrodinamiczeskije teczienia w kanałach (in Russian), 16. Volkan Ersoy H.: MHD flow of Oldroyd-B fluid between
Nauka, CCCP, 1979 , eccentric rotating disks, 1999, 37, p.15 ,

2. Batchelor G. K.: An Introduction to Fluid Dynamics, 17. Walicki E., Sawicki J., Ziejewski M.: Inertia effect in
Cambridge Press, Cambridge, 1967, magnetic fluid throughflow in a slot between fixed surfaces
of revolution, Mec. Applique, 23, 6, 1978.
3. Bujurke N. M., Kudenatti R.B.: MHD lubrication flow
between rough rectangular plates, Fluid Dynamic Research,
2007, 39, p. 4,

84 POLISH MARITIME RESEARCH, No 3/2017

 CONTACT WITH THE AUTHOR

Jerzy Sawicki
e-mail: [email protected]

UTP University of Science and Technology in Bydgoszcz

Al. Prof. S. Kaliskiego 7
85-796 Bydgoszcz
Poland

POLISH MARITIME RESEARCH, No 3/2017 85