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Unit 1 Fundamentals

The document provides an overview of Database Management Systems (DBMS), including their purpose, architecture, and applications. It introduces key concepts such as relational databases, data models, SQL fundamentals, and the distinction between embedded and dynamic SQL. The content emphasizes the importance of data abstraction and the role of keys in identifying data within tables.

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Aruna
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8 views

Unit 1 Fundamentals

The document provides an overview of Database Management Systems (DBMS), including their purpose, architecture, and applications. It introduces key concepts such as relational databases, data models, SQL fundamentals, and the distinction between embedded and dynamic SQL. The content emphasizes the importance of data abstraction and the role of keys in identifying data within tables.

Uploaded by

Aruna
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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IFET COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

DEPARTMENT OF AI&DS
23AD4402 - DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS
FUNDAMENTALS
UNIT I RELATIONAL DATABASES
Purpose of Database System – Views of data – Data Models – Database System
Architecture – Applications of DBMS ,Introduction to relational databases – Keys – SQL
fundamentals – DDL,DML,DCL– Relational Algebra - Embedded SQL– Dynamic SQL.

DBMS:
DBMS stands for Database Management System. DBMS = Database + Management
System. Database is a collection of data and Management System is a set of programs to store
and retrieve those data. A database-management system (DBMS) is a collection of
interrelated data and a set of programs to access those data. The primary goal of a DBMS is
to provide a way to store and retrieve database information that is both convenient and
efficient.

PURPOSE OF DATABASE SYSTEM


A database management system (DBMS) is a software tool that makes it possible to
organize data in a database. As an example consider part of a university organization that,
among other data, keeps information about all instructors, students, departments, and course
offerings.

VIEWS OF DATA
Abstraction is one of the main features of database systems. Hiding irrelevant details
from user and providing abstract view of data to users, helps in easy and efficient user-
database interaction, there are three levels of DBMS architecture, the top level of that
architecture is “view level”. The view level provides the “view of data” to the users and hides
the irrelevant details such as data relationship, database schema, constraints, security etc from
the user.

DATA MODEL
This is defined as a logical structure of Database. It describes the design of database
to reflect entities, attributes, relationship among data, constrains etc.

DATABASE SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE


The functional components of a database system can be broadly divided into two
Categories namely,
 Storage manager components
 Query Processor components

APPLICATIONS OF DBMS
Telecom , Banking System ,Sales, Airlines, Education sector…etc..,
INTRODUCTION TO RELATIONAL DATABASES
A relational database consists of a collection of tables, each of which is assigned a
unique name. In relational model, data is stored in relations(tables) and is represented in form
of tuples (rows).Relational database is a collection of organized set of tables related to each
other, and from which data can be accessed easily. Relational Database is the most commonly
used database these days.

KEYS

A DBMS key is an attribute or set of an attribute which helps us to identify a


row(tuple) in a relation(table). They allow us to find the relation between two tables. Keys
help you uniquely identify a row in a table by a combination of one or more columns in that
table.

SQL FUNDAMENTALS
SQL is a programming language for Relational Databases. It is designed over
relational algebra and tuple relational calculus. SQL comes as a package with all major
distributions of RDBMS.

RELATIONAL ALGEBRA
Relational algebra is a procedural query language, which takes instances of relations
as input and yields instances of relations as output. It uses operators to perform queries. An
operator can be either unary or binary. They accept relations as their input and yield relations
as their output. Relational algebra is performed recursively on a relation and intermediate
results are also considered relations.

DYNAMIC SQL
Dynamic SQL is a programming technique that enables you to build SQL statements
dynamically at runtime. You can create more general purpose, flexible applications by using
dynamic SQL because the full text of a SQL statement may be unknown at compilation.

EMBEDDED SQL
This is a method for combining data manipulation capabilities of SQL and computing
power of any programming language. Then embedded statements are in line with the
program source code of the host language.

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